Aleksandr Bell: Biography futhi indlela yakhe (isithombe)

Aleksandr Grehem Bell wazalwa ngo-Edinburgh (Scotland) March 3, 1847. Ibhanga izithakazelo nososayensi waseMelika kanye umsunguli wawubanzi ngokungavamile. Ekuhloleni kwakhe okumangalisayo wakwazi ukuhlanganisa yobuciko nesayensi of umsindo nomculo, ubunjiniyela kagesi kanye Mechanics. It wabo kwakungu-Aleksandr Bell owasungula le ucingo futhi ngokuyinhloko nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ezokuxhumana umkhakha e-United States.

Esakhula

Alexander Melville Bell, umsunguli we uyise esizayo - sezilimi professional kanye nombhali umsebenzi emikhulu ku ubuciko ubugagu. Ikakhulu, udumo ukudalwa "Inkulumo Kubonakala" uhlelo, okuvumela ukuba adlulisele umsindo wenkulumo womuntu olukhulunywa nezimpawu ezikhethekile ebhaliwe. Ngenxa yalelo zwi ukuthuthukiswa, ngaphandle kokwazi olunye ulimi, kungase kahle uphimisele ezithile.

abazali Bell wazama anake esiphezulu umsindo izwi futhi aphindaphinde amakhono indodana yakhe. Eminyakeni eyishumi nantathu, u-Alexander iziqu Royal School of Edinburgh, futhi kamuva ngonyaka wathutha uyisemkhulu eLondon. Nangu ngenkuthalo ukuhlola ubuqili elocution, ukufunda izincwadi thematic. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-eyishumi nesithupha abanamakhono insizwa iba umfundisi mpendulo nomculo e Weston House Academy. Imfundo e -University of Edinburgh Aleksandr Bell akaqedanga.

Ukudlulela Melika

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, abazalwane ababili Bell ebulawa isifo sofuba. Odokotela basikisela Alexander ukushintsha isimo. Yena enquma ukuthuthela eCanada. Ngo-1870, wonke umndeni bazinza Ontario, edolobheni okuthiwa Brantford.

Kusukela 1871 Alexander Bell uhlala e-Boston futhi ufundisa esikoleni ezikhethekile zabafundi abayizithulu. Phakathi ukusebenza kwawo, usosayensi uthisha esizayo ngenkuthalo ngifuna kuyindlela yokubonisa ukuthi abayizithulu ukuhambisana yemisindo yokukhuluma. Ikakhulu, i-apharathasi ukuhlolwa lapho ulwelwesi ekhethekile lenyuka bedle amaza omsindo kanye awadlulisela inaliti kunyakaza okuholela. Inalidi yena, ubhala idatha isigubhu ligijima. Lokhu okusungulile Bella kwaba umfutho ngenxa yezinto zakhe ezinkulu.

"Ukukhuluma Telegraph"

Ngo-1876, i-World Exhibition (Philadelphia), usosayensi wethulwa umphakathi umshini emangalisayo, alibiza ngokuthi "abakhuluma yocingo". Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-ngocingo lokuqala Aleksandra Bella. Ungase uyibone ngeso lengqondo ukumangala amalungu amajaji, lapho bakwazi ukuzwa kusuka isikhulumi we-Danish Prince Monologue adumile "Ukuze noma cha ayehlala kuwo?", Yikuphi ngesikhathi esifanayo funda ekamelweni olandelayo lo mklami. Akubuzwa ukuthi isinqumo amajaji ocingweni wokuqala emhlabeni kwaba wakubeka - ukuba?

Umsebenzi kungenzeka amasignali yezokusakaza iziteshi ezokuxhumana usosayensi waqala Okuningi eScotland. Ngenkathi Melika, waqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa yakhe. Ukubukeka ifoni yokuqala emhlabeni nomthelela nezinye eziningi ezafika nomuntu ezithakazelisayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, esikhathini esithile Bella wakwazi ukwakha upiyano kagesi esiyingqayizivele, ukuvumela ukudluliswa ngocingo umsindo umculo.

Uma inkampani "Western Union" umemezele elikhulu imali kunoba ngubani ungase uthole indlela ukudlulisa telegram eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, esebenzisa nepheya elilodwa lezibuko izintambo. Ubuholi abezama okwengeziwe yocingo imigqa, Bell wakwazi ubaphe ikhambi esifanele - ngosizo ukuthuthukiswa zayo zaba kungenzeka ukuba adlulisele afika kwangu-7 amathelegramu ngesikhathi esisodwa!

Ngo ayekuphishekela yesayensi Bell lisebenzisane Thomas Watson, futhi ngokuvumelana nemithetho Electricians yakhe waxhumana usosayensi odumile kusukela Boston D. uHenry.

Usosayensi ukuphila Siqu

Juni 11, 1877 Alexander Bell washada umfundi wakhe wangaphambili Meybl Habbard. Unkosikazi umsunguli isithulu wakhe ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni, lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka emine, ngemva waphathwa scarlet fever. Ngemva kokuboshwa kwefindo lomshado lo mbhangqwana wabuyela ekhaya Bell eNgilandi. Lapha, umsunguli ngenkuthalo ukutshela bonke abantu mayelana emangalisayo ekhuluma yocingo. "Ucingo umqondo" wanikezwa ngisho umndeni wasebukhosini, elimalungu alo wafika injabulo engachazeki.

Bell nomkakhe babehlala iminyaka 45. Konke lokhu esikhathini eside phakathi kwabo waqhubeka ubudlelwane nobungane.

Impumelelo nokubonwa

Ngemva owaziwa kanye nezinkampani abacebile yokwenqaba ukuthenga amalungelo womshini izingcingo, usosayensi wadala inkampani American Ukukhuluma Inkampani yefoni, okuyinto ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile waba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi yaqala ukuthela uyabuya omkhulu. Ngu-March 1979, u-Aleksandr Bell nomkakhe wathola 15% of the inzuzo inani, futhi 1883 isimo sabo sifikile uphawu oluhlaba umxhwele omunye izigidi zamaRandi.

Kodwa ngo-1880, umsunguli won Volta. Bell wathola kwemali esetshenziswe ukuthuthukiswa iphrojekthi gramophone entsha - okungelinye lamabandla okuqala kakhulu emhlabeni zokuqopha izinhlelo umsindo, wadala ngokubambisana Charles Sumner Tainter.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ngokwesibonelo, e-University of Heidelberg ahlonishwe Bell zokuhlonipha ubuhlengikazi degree intuthuko yakhe emkhakheni zomzimba acoustic.

Ukuthuthukisa ifoni waya. Ngo-1881, waba cishe seyisebenza ngokugcwele.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Aleksandr Bell futhi indlela yakhe uye ngokoqobo waphenduka izwe esiphendula esibhekisa phansi. Ngeshwa, impilo yaqala behluleka nososayensi. Kuze umoya wokugcina umkakhe Thuli wahlala usondelene. Kamuva, Uyabhala encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zansuku zonke ukuthi umlayezo wokugcina buthule Bella kwaba ngokulambisa lizwakale iminwe shaking ngesikhathi lapho yamcela ukuba amshiye. Inventor wafa Agasti 4, 1922. Ngenxa uphawu ulilela ososayensi enkulu kulo lonke elaseCanada nase-United States wonke amafoni, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba ngaphezu 13 million, ivaliwe.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila umsunguli

Biography of Aleksandra Bella ezithakazelisayo phansi ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu. Ngakho, isazi sesayensi esidumile Wayejwayele ukusebenza kuphela ebumnyameni, ebusuku. Ngezinye izikhathi kuba yimbangela yokungavumelani futhi izingxabano phakathi kwabashadile. ukukhathazeka Ukuqonda Thuli Bell ukwenze okuphindaphindiwe imizamo amashushu ubuyele "evamile" isimiso sansuku zonke, kodwa akekho kubo abazange baphumelele.

Futhi ngo-August 15, 1877 phakathi Aleksandru besikhathi sakhe edume of uThomas Edison aphethwe i-agumenti ukwazi, eyagcina ukuxazululwa esivuna yokugcina. Edison wafakazela ukuthi yimpendulo enhle yokubingelelana ekuqaleni ingxoxo yocingo ithi igama elithi "sawubona Engeza", okusho eRussia yaguqulwa owaziwa kithi "sawubona". Sam ifoni umsunguli ezihlongozwayo ukusebenzisa igama elithi "Ahoy", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba, "Sawubona, ubani khona?".

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi Bell yena akakuthandanga ukusebenzisa ifoni - izingcingo ukuphazanyiswa kuye nokucabanga ukusebenza. Kodwa futhi unina noma umkakhe, wayengasakwazi ukukhuluma - base befile bobabili ngokuphelele abayizithulu.