Amalungu ebhalansi nokuzwa: incazelo, isakhiwo nemisebenzi

Izitho zokulinganisela nokuzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo ezibona ukudumazeka, ukukhomba amagagasi omsindo, ukudlulisela izimpawu ezizwakalayo ebuchosheni. I-receptors eyinhloko itholakala kulokho okubizwa okuthiwa i-membranous nnail kanye ne-ear of ear. Izakhiwo ezisele ezakha indlebe yangaphakathi nephakathi zizosiza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izitho zokuzwa nokulinganisela, abahlaziyi babo.

Indlebe yangaphandle

Imelelwa yi-auricle yangaphandle - izicubu ezisezingeni eliphansi elimbozwe isikhumba. I-lobe yendlebe yangaphandle igcwele isakhiwo se-fat. Njengoba indlebe yomuntu engaphandle ingahambi kahle, indima yakhe ayibalulekile kakhulu kunezilwane ezithola umthombo womsindo ngenxa yezindlebe.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesigungu sokuzwa nokulinganisela kwaholela ekubunjweni kwamapulangwe nezinhlamvu ezingaphandle komuntu, okwenza kube lula ukuthatha umsindo wezithombe ezizwakalayo kanye nezendawo.

Ingxenye yangaphandle yelungu lokucwaninga linama-2.5-3.5 mm nobubanzi obuyi-6 ukuya kwangu-8 mm. Izicubu zomzimba zengxenyana yangaphandle yokucwaninga ngokucophelela zidlula emathanjeni. Izingxenye zangaphakathi zendlebe yangaphandle zihlanganiswe ne-epithelium nokuqukethwe kwezingqimba ze-sebaceous. Lezi zinsuku, ngaphezu kwamafutha, zikhiqiza i-earwax, okuvimbela ukungcoliswa komzimba ngothuli, imfucumfucu encane, iyayivikela ekukhuliseni ama-microorganisms.

I-eardrum

Ihlobo lombhalo osincanyana olungaphezu kuka-0.1 mm obukhulu, elitholakala emngceleni wezindlebe ezingaphandle nangaphakathi. Amagagasi omsindo, avezwa yi-convolutions we-auricle, adlula emgodini wezindlebe, okwenza ukukhishwa kwendwangu ye-tympanic. Kanti, izimpawu ezenziwe zidluliselwa endlebeni ephakathi.

Indlebe ephakathi

Isisekelo sensimbi ephakathi nendawo encane, enevolumu engaba ngu-1 cm ³ , etholakala endaweni yethambo le-skull le-temporal. Nazi ambalwa ama-ossicle wokuhlola - okuthiwa ama-stapes, i-malleus ne-anvil. Benza njengezingcezu zamathambo ezincane ezakha isitho sokuzwa nokulinganisela. It inhlanhla isethi yayo of imizwa efanayo.

Indlebe yangaphakathi

Yini le nhlangano yokuzwa nokulinganisela ihlanganisa? I-histology yendlebe yangaphakathi imelelwe yizici ezilandelayo:

1. I-bone labyrinth, eyakhiwe ngendwangu yendlebe yangaphakathi, imigodi yamagciwane kanye nethambo lomnumzane. Lezi zakhi zigcwele i-perilymph - umthamo othize oguqula ukudlidliza kwemisindo ekudlideni kwemishini.
2. I-labyrinth ebomvu, emelelwa isaka eliyisipiliyoni ne-elliptical, enezingxube ezintathu zemigodi eyindilinga. Le nkulumo evezwe yindlebe yangaphakathi itholakala ku-bone labyrinth futhi ibhekene ngokuyinhloko ngokulondoloza ibhalansi yomzimba endaweni.
3. Inhlanzi iyisitho sokuzwa nokulinganisela, isakhiwo esenza kube lula ukuguqula ukuduma kwezwi zibe injabulo yokukhathazeka. Ubumba umzila we-cochlea we-2.5 ophendukayo, ohlukaniswa ngendwangu engcono kakhulu yeReisner kanye nekhanda elincane, elincane. Lezi zinsuku zinezicucu ezingaphezu kwezingu-20,000, ezibizwa ngokuthi izintambo zokucwaninga. Zilula ngaphesheya kwekhanda lokuhlola.

Isiqu sikaCorti

Ubhekene nokwakheka kwemisipha yezinzwa, ezidluliselwa ezinyangeni zobuchopho. Ilungu limelelwa ngesimo sezinwele eziningana ezidlala indima ye-receptors.

NgokweSikimu, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwemizwa ye-nerve kwenzeka kanje. Amagagasi omsindo avela ngaphandle, aqhubekele iziphuzo ku-cochlea. Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane kuyadluliselwa kwi-stapes, bese kukhanda ngezingqamuzana zezinwele. Izakhiwo ezinikeziwe zijabule, okubangela ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwamasignali ku-neurons. Amaseli ezinwele axhunyiwe kwi-receptors ezibucayi, ezihlanganisa ndawonye izinzwa zokuhlola.

Imisebenzi yesigungu sokulalela, ibhalansi

Yenza imisebenzi elandelayo yesigungu sokulalela nokulinganisela:

1. Indlebe yangaphandle ivikela ingxenye yangaphakathi yomzimba ekungcoleni, ibonisa imisindo endlebeni yomlomo.
2. Indlebe ephakathi iqhuba ukuqhutshwa kwamagagasi omsindo. Isando siphenduka ekuhambeni kwegundane le-tympanic, elidlulisela ezitebhisini kanye nesifiso.
3. Indlebe yangaphakathi inikeza umbono wezwi nokuhlonza izimpawu ezithile (inkulumo, umculo, njll).
4. Imisele yamachiza yenza ukuba kube nomqondo wokulinganisela endaweni, vumela umzimba ukuba uthathe isikhundla esihle ngokuhambisana nokunyakaza.

Amalungu ebhalansi nokuzwa: izifo ezivamile

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo ezivuthayo, ezingezona ukuvuvukala nezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithinta izinhlaka ezibhekene nokubunjwa kokuzwa nokugcinwa kokuma endaweni. Kancane kancane kuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqedeni ukubonakaliswa kwemvelo njengokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi yezinsiza zezindlebe, kanye nemvelo ehlukanisiwe yelungiselelo lezinhlaka. Ake sicabangele inombolo enkulu yezifo ezithinta izitho zokulinganisela nokuzwa, bona izindlela zokwelashwa kwazo.

Izifo ezivuthayo

Phakathi kwezifo eziyinhloko zesigaba esinikeziwe kufanele kuqashelwe:

• I-Otitis media;
• I-otosclerosis;
• I-Labyrinthite.

Lezi zifo ngokuvamile zikhula ngokumelene nesizinda sezifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezibangelwa yizifo ezitholakala endaweni yase nasopharynx.

Uma ukukhuluma nge-otitis, ukubonakaliswa kwabo okuyinhloko ukuzwa kokungena emgodini wezindlebe, ukuthuthukiswa kokugula okubuhlungu, nasezindabeni ezinganakwa kakhulu - isabelo esiphezulu sokuxoshwa emgodini wezindlebe. Konke lokhu kubonakala ngokuncipha kokuzwa.

Ngezinqubo ezinjalo zokuvuvukala njenge-labyrinthitis ne-otosclerosis, ukukhuphuka kokushisa komzimba, ukuvela kobuhlungu obukhulu bokudubula emgodini wezindlebe kuyisici. Endabeni yokuphendula ngokubambisana nenkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi umonakalo wokulimaza okwakhiwa kwesibhande se-tympanic ukwandisa futhi ngenxa yalokho - ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kokuzwa.

Phakathi kwezimpawu ezingeziwe ezingase zihambisane nezifo zezifo ezivuthayo, ungaphawula: isizungu, ukulahlekelwa ikhono lokugxilisa ukubukeka, ukwehla kwekhwalithi yokubona komsindo ngamunye.

Izitho ezivuthayo zokulinganisela nokuzwa ziphathwa ngamaconsi endlebe ekhethekile, okunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukukhululwa nokukhipha imishanguzo ye-canal indlebe. Enye indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo ihilela ukufudumala indlebe ngaphansi kwesibani se-ultraviolet.

Izifo ezingekho ukuvuvukala

Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zezinzwa zokuzwa nokulinganisela isifo sikaMeniere. Inkambo yesifo ihambisane nokuqoqwa nokuqhuma kwamanzi emithonjeni yendlebe yangaphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucindezela ezakhiweni zamathuluzi okugqoka kuyanda. Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikaMénière ziyizinyosi, i-nausea evamile kanye nokuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhubekayo kubi kakhulu usuku nosuku.

Olunye uhlobo lwesifo esingenalo ukuvuvukala yi-neuritis ye-receptors yokuhlola. Lesi sifo sinemvelo efihliwe futhi kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni kancane kancane kokulahlekelwa kwezwa.

Njengendlela yokwelashwa kwemvelo engapheliyo ye-pathologies engenhla ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ukugwema izinkinga ezinzulu kangaka, ukuhlanzeka kwezitho zokuzwa kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukuvakashelwa kudokotela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izifo ze-fungal

Njengomthetho, ukugula kwalolu hlelo kuvela ngokumelene nesigameko sokunqotshwa komsele wezindlebe yizinhlamvu zefungi le-pathogenic. Kwezinye izimo, izifo ezinjalo ziqala ukubhekana nomonakalo obulalayo wezicubu.

Izikhalazo eziyinhloko zezifo zemvelo ye-fungal yilezi: umsindo ohlala njalo kanye nokuzwakala kwesilingo emgodini wezindlebe, ukwakheka kwemfihlo yamathambo kusukela endlebeni. Ukuqedwa kwalezi zibonakaliso kubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingasebenzi, okubekwa ngumchwepheshe, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokutheleleka.

I-motion illness syndrome

Imisele yamangqamuzana endlebeni yangaphakathi isengozini emithonjeni ebalulekile yangaphandle. Umphumela wokucasuka kwabo ngokweqile, okukhulu kakhulu ukubunjwa kwe-motion illness syndrome. Ekuthuthukiseni kwayo kungabuye kuholele izifo zesimiso se-nervous and autonomic, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezenzeka engxenyeni yangaphakathi ye-hearing hearing. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ukuqeda ukungahambi kahle kumele kuphephe ukubonakaliswa kokugula okuyisisekelo. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, njengombuso, kungaqeda ukuzwa kwesifo sokunyakaza, okuqhubeka ngesikhathi kuhamba ngemoto, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezixhobo ze-Vestibular

Yini okufanele umuntu onempilo akwenze lapho edala ukugula kwesifo? Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kombuso ukugcina impilo yokuhlala. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo akusekeli kuphela imisipha yomzimba ngethoni, kodwa futhi kunomthelela omuhle ekuqineni kwamathuluzi okugqoka ukuze kube nesisusa esiqinile.

Abantu abajwayele ukugula ukunyakaza, kunconywa ukuba bahlanganyele emzimbeni, ukuvivinya umzimba, ama-acrobatics, ukugijima kwebanga elide, imidlalo yezemidlalo. Ngesikhathi ukuhamba komzimba ngesivinini esithile kanye nokunyakaza komzimba ngama-angles ahlukene, ukuxolisa ngokweqile kwamapayipi okugcoba kancane kancane kuthinteka. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izitho zokubona, ukuzwa nokulinganisela zithola ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwabo. Konke lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ususe isizungu nesicashu, okuwumphumela wokugula kokuhamba.

Ukuhlanzeka kwezitho zokuzwa

Ukuvimbela ukuphazanyiswa ekusebenzeni kwamalungu okuzwa, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilula zokuhlanzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza okungavamile kwendlebe yomlomo kusuka esakhiweni esiqoqiwe kungabangela ukwakheka kokungqubuzana, okuthinta ukwehla kokuzwa. Ukugwema ukunganaki okunjalo, kubalulekile ukugeza izindlebe zakho ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi asozini. Kulesi simo, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amaqabunga okotini okhethekile ukuhlanza umthamo wezindlebe, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqinile kule njongo kubhekene nokulimala kwendwangu ye-tympanic. Uma i-plug yesibabule ingasusiwe wena, kudingeka wenze i-aphoyintimenti ngezinqubo ezifanele kudokotela.

Ingxenye yokuzwa nokulinganisela, isisu esinobudlelwano obuqondile ne-nasopharynx, sidinga ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi esifana nezikhuhlane, umkhuhlane, isisimungumungwane, i-tonsillitis. Uma ufaka ithubhu yokuhlola, ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic angabangeli ukuvuvukala kuphela, kodwa futhi nokulimala kwamathishu.

Ukuthinta ukwehlisa ukuzwa kungakwazi ukuba khona isikhathi eside somuntu emakamelweni amnandi, imisindo ebukhali. Uma usebenza ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele usebenze njengomsebenzi, udinga ukuvikela izitho zakho zokuzwa ngamapulagi endlebe noma indlebe ezikhethekile.

Ekuphethweni

Ngakho-ke sihlolisise isakhiwo sesigungu sokuzwa nokulinganisela, indlela yokubona imisindo, ukubonakaliswa okuvamile kwemvelo kanye nezici zokuhlanzeka. Njengoba ungabona, ngenxa yempilo, izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezithinta ukulahleka kokuzwa kufanele zinikezwe ukubaluleka. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezingadingekile, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha kudokotela.