Iminyango yemifino, imisebenzi yabo

Umgogodla womuntu kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukusebenza ngendlela efanele ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho kuncike.

Ikholomu ye-vertebral ihlanganisa ama-vertebrae angu-32-33: umlomo wesibeletho (ama-7 ama-PC), i-Thoracic (ama-12 ama-PC), i-Lumbar (ama-5 ama-PC), i-Sacral (ama-5 ama-pcs.) Futhi ama-coccygeal (ama-3-4 ama-PC). Phakathi kwama-vertebrae atholakala ama-intervertebral discs (ama-23 ama-pcs.). Ama-vertebrae akha izingxenye ezihlukene zomgogodla.

Ama-vertebrae ahlangene ndawonye yizixhobo zokusebenza ezinama-ligamentous-muscular, disvertebral discs, amalunga. Konke lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ugcine umgogodla endaweni eqondile futhi umnike inkululeko edingekayo uma uhamba. Izakhiwo ezinwebekayo ezitholakala ema-disversionbral discs kunciphise kakhulu ukwethuka nokuthuthumela ekuhambeni, ukugxuma nokugijima, okudluliselwa ebuchosheni nasemthonjeni womgogodla.

Izingxenye zesikhala

Umgogodla unomlomo wesibeletho, i-thoracic, i-lumbar, i-sacrum ne-coccyx.

Isifunda somlomo wesibeletho sibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla kwekholomu ye- vertebral. Ihlukaniswa ukuhamba okukhethekile, okudala inkululeko kanye nokuhamba kwezinhlobonhlobo zekhanda. I-vertebra engaphezulu yomlomo wesibeletho, ebizwa ngokuthi i-atlas kanye ne-axis, inesakhiwo esichasisayo esivela esakhiweni senye i-vertebrae. I-atlant kanye ne-axis yilezi zindawo ezithambile kanye nokujika kwekhanda lomuntu.

Indawo ye-thoracic inesibopho se-thorax, equkethe izitho ezibalulekile, ngenxa yalesi sizathu asisebenzi. Kuye kufakwe izimbambo (amabili amabili).

Umgogodla we-lumbar uqukethe ama-vertebrae amakhulu, ngoba athola umthwalo omkhulu. Abanye abantu banama- vertebrae ayisithupha . Lesi simo semithi kuthiwa yi-lumbarization. I-8-10 i-vertebrae, ifakwe, yakha umgogodla we-sacral.

Ku-vertebra kunomzimba, umcibisholo, imilenze emibili, i-spinous, izinqubo ezimbili eziguquguqukayo nezine ezine-articular. I-canal ye-vertebral yenziwa kusuka ekuvukeni komzimba phakathi kwe-arch, imilenze nomzimba we-vertebrae.

Phakathi kwe-vertebrae emibili eseduzane, kukhona i-disc intervertebral, eyakha i-ring fibrous kanye ne-nucleus i-pulpous. Yenza imisebenzi yokwehlisa, ukugcinwa kwama-vertebrae eseduze, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwabo. I-nucleus ihlanganiswe kwindandatho enezintambo ezigcina i-nucleus phakathi nendawo futhi ivimbela ama-vertebrae ukuba aguquke.

I-ring fibrous iqukethe izinqwaba zezendwangu kanye namafayili awela ezindizeni ezintathu. E-osteochondrosis, izinsimbi ze-ring fibrous zithathwa yizicubu ezibomvu, ezingase zidale ukuphuka kwendandatho enezintambo nokubunjwa kwe-disc herniated.

Yonke iminyango yomgogodla ifakwe i-ligament apparatus. Ingxenye ye-vertebral iqukethe ama-vertebrae amabili ene-disk kanye ne-device enamandla.

Umgogodla utholakala emgodini womgogodla, kanye nezimpande zalokho okuthiwa "umsila wehhashi". Umgogodla uqala esifundeni sebuchopho futhi uhambela ku-vertebrae yokuqala neyesibili.

Umthambo womgogodla, ofana nazo zonke izingxenye zomgogodla, uhaqwe ulwelwesi olukhuni, olushelelayo nolwe-arachnoid futhi lubekwe emgodini ongasemgogodini nge-fibre kanye nezimpande.

Kusukela emthonjeni womgogodla, izimpande zesibindi (ama-pair) angu-31 ziphuma egumbini lokuvuvukala (intercontebral).

Umuntu, njengamanye ama-vertebrates, unokungenwa kwesigaba somzimba, i E. Ingxenye ngayinye yezingxenye zomgogodla ibhekene nesitho esithile.

Isibonelo, intamo nezikhali zingenakulinganiswa izigaba ezihlobene nesifunda somlomo wesibeletho, isifuba nesisu isifunda se-thoracic, isifunda se-sacral singena emilenzeni, i-perineum, i-rectum nesinye.

Emthonjeni womgogodla kunezintambo zomlomo wesibeletho. I-hernia ye-intervertebral esifundeni somlomo wesibeletho inobungozi ngaphezu kwe-lumbar.

Ngokwesimo lapho kuphazamiseka khona ukuphazamiseka kwemishini kanye nokuzwela, udokotela angakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi yimuphi umonakalo okwenzekile nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomgogodla ezihluphekile.