Amakhowe-ama-parasites asongela izitshalo zokusanhlamvu

Izifo eziyinhloko zezifo zezitshalo ziyizinhlobo ezinjengama-parasites njenge-ergot, i-smut ne-rust.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ergot kuqala kakade ngezimbali ze-rye esigabeni se-ovary, ngenxa ye-sclerotia yalesi sikhwama semifucumfucu esakhiwe endlebeni, esikhundleni sokusanhlamvu, okuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sclerotia eye yawela emanzini (okuqukethe izinto ezinobuthi) futhi kamuva ihlanganiswe nayo, ibangele ubuthi babantu nezilwane. Futhi, lezi fungus eziphazamisayo zingathuthuka kwezinye izinhlobo zokudla zasendle kanye nebhali.

Izinhloko amakhowe-iziphazamisi zingathuthuka kuma-ovari wezimbali. Bashaya iziqu kanye nephuzu lokukhula lapho indlebe ngokwayo iyenzeka, ukunciphisa isivuno, okulimaza kakhulu kwezolimo. Lezi fungi zitshalo ziphazamisa zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa uhlobo lwezifo luhlukile kolunye uhlobo lwesitshalo. I-parasite enobudlova kakhulu iyindoda enothuli, umonakalo ovela kuwo ungafinyelela ezingeni eliyishumi kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwesifungumane esibandayo luyakwazi nokuhlala utshani obusendle.

Ama-mushroom ama-parasites akhiqiza kanjani, izibonelo ziphambi kwakho.

I-Mycelial fungus, ekhulayo esakhiweni esithintekile, ichitheka zibe nezinhlamvu ezimnyama ezincane, okuholela ekutheni ama-stalks (spike) we-plantas, i-fungus, inike ukubonakala okubonakalayo.

Ethintwa ngogwayi othuli, ibhali liyakha i-spike ene-deformation eqinile, inobuningi bezinhlamvu ezinothuli esikhundleni sezimbali nezinsiza, kanye ne-hard bunt eyenza izinhlamvu zayo ngaphakathi kokusanhlamvu.

Hlola amakhowe ukutshala izidumbu ku-rye ukuhlasela iziqu zalesi siko.

Ama-oats atholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo ezimbili: uthuli nobunzima (uthuli luvame kakhulu).

Ngqolowa, i-fungus ye-parasite ishintshwe ngendlela yobunzima obuqinile.

Ama-mushroom-izigaxa ezibangela ukugqwala zishaya iziqu kanye namaqabunga ezitshalo, zibonakala njengemibala enombala obomvu noma we-orange, ozophenduka ube mnyama noma omnyama. Ukuvuthwa kungabonakala kokubili okusanhlamvu okusendle nokusendle, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo ezitshalwe. Nakuba lezi zinambuzane ze-fungus azilimazi ngokuqondile ngamabele okusanhlamvu, zifaka isandla ekubukeni kwezinhlamvu ezingenalutho ezigcweleyo, nezitshalo ezincishisiwe. Isifungulu se-parasite singasetshenziswa ngokomzimba sibe izinhlobo ezintathu:

- Ukugqwala okulinganayo (okusabalalisa kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo);

- ukubola okubomvu (ikakhulukazi okuthinta ukolweni kanye ne-rye);

- umqhele wokukhanda (ukhetha ukuthuthukisa on oats).

Ama-mushroom ama-mushroom amnandi asithinta nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, isibonelo, i-clover, i-flax, i-timothy. Ngisho njenge-foxtail kanye ne-wheatgrass, futhi, abakwazi ukumelana nabo.

Isici esiyingozi uma ukutheleleka kwezikhunta ezikhulunywe ngenhla zezilimo zasendle nezitshaliwe ukuthi ekugcineni ziba zinobuthakathaka futhi azifaneleki ukuthambisa izinkomo. Isibonelo somonakalo obangelwa isikhunta senyamazane singabonakala eqinisweni lokuthi ifani eliqukethe isigamu samaphesenti ezitshalo ezithintekile lidala izifo ezifuywayo kakhulu zemfuyo, ngezinye izikhathi ziphela ngokufa kwesilwane.

Ama-mushroom ama-mushroom wezitshalo ezithathelwanayo kanye nesinkwa sasebusika (isikhunta se-sclerotinia). Ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo esivela ngaphansi kweqhwa eliqhamukayo kanye namaqabunga asevele ehlanganiswe ne-grayish ezwayo yamakhowe amakhowe, kamuva ekhula ngaphakathi kwesiswini samagqabi futhi ngaphakathi kungena emanzini amancane, amancane (kusuka kumamitha angama-1 ukuya kwangu-6) e-sclerotia. Khona-ke lezi zitshalo ziphenduka ophuzi futhi zome futhi zifa ngemva kweqhwa.

Izitshalo zasebusika zivezwe engozini eyodwa, okuza kubo ngesimo sokushisa okushisa. Isizathu somphumela we-hotbed ukukhishwa, okuhambisane nentuthuko ngesikhathi esisodwa se-parasitic snow mold, lapho umsuka we-fusarium ufaka khona.

Ngama-mushroom ama-mushroom, umuntu kumele ahole umzabalazo ongeyona impikiswano, ngaphandle kwalokho sizohlala singenasinkwa, futhi ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yemfuyo.