Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - Umklami uMphathi rocket izinhlelo: Biography, umndeni, ihlonipha inkumbulo

Ukukhiqizwa ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi edume kunazo yezikhali ezicitshwayo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa saphila kanye umklami jikelele, ogama lakhe limelela emlandweni, kanye ebaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe. It Academician Glushko, owadala eziningi ezinamandla jet izinjini. Valentin Petrovich, naphezu ezokuzilibazisa eziningi, into eyinhloko ekuphileni kwakhe kuchazwa ngokuthi ingane.

ekuqaleni

Wazalelwa esizayo Glushko academician Odessa ngo-1908, futhi ngo-1924 wathola iziqu esikoleni sokufundela "Metal" igama Trotsky sika. Ngezinye nanhlanu, unawomina ubekade umatasa, owathatha iminyaka engu-eyisishiyagalombili, ukuxhumana ne Tsiolkovsky ngokwakhe, ithunyelwa umfana yonke imisebenzi yakhe entsha. Lo muntu brilliant abasha namanje kude yobudala bakhe kakade banyathelisa izihloko mayelana ukuhlola umkhathi futhi ngomdlandla wabhala incwadi ngezinkinga ukuxhashazwa amaplanethi. Esikhathini eko kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lapho izindiza futhi iningi labantu abawubonanga! Ngo-1925 i-Glushko abasha sathuthela eLeningrad ukuba bayofunda khona eyunivesithi, ngenxa yolwazi-ke kwakudingekile ukuba ukugcwaliseka konke amaphupho.

cwaningo Complex of physics kanye mathematics ubuhlakani! Yebo kanti izwe kwadingeka isikhathi esinzima - yokutakula monakalo esabekayo. Kodwa ikusasa Glushko academician hhayi akhononda ukuswela imali wayengeyona izimoto umfundi zithululwe, futhi wahlanganyela imisebenzi yesayensi. Indlala, amakhaza futhi lonke nokuswela nalemvelaphi lokho kwakumkhathaza kancane kuye. Futhi ngokuqinisekile kwamzuzisa: ngo-1933 Glushko Valentin Petrovich waba inhloko yalawa uMnyango ucwaningo rocket sikhungo, futhi enye ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - umklami induna izinjini jet.

Kude emehlweni prying

Kusukela ngo-1933 liquid Jets adalwe umklami abakhaliphile sikhule isibalo kokushintshwa. Khona-ke Ngazalwa edumile OPM-65 injini, okuyinto kuhlelwe ukuba efakwe aerotorpedy njengoba izikhali izindiza kanye prototype yezikhali ezicitshwayo yesimanje - futhi rocket izindiza. Ngo-1938, ikusasa academician Glushko iye kulinganiselwa ngaso kuwufanele ngempela.

kufihlwe yakhe, wabalahla "ngoba ukuketula," njengoba zonke onjiniyela ehola nabaqambi yezwe. Ligwetshwe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili emakamu wathumela "e sharashka" okungukuthi CB avaliwe ukuqhuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Okokuqala, e Tushino ku zezindiza isitshalo № 82, lapho Valentin Petrovich zakhiwa iziqhumane ogibele ezindizeni. Empeleni rocket isayensi, injalo emsulwa, is ebezingakabonwa njengoba into ewusizo, kodwa ngokushesha sekushintsha konke.

ngaphambi ukunqoba

Glushko Valentin Petrovich wadedelwa ngo-1944. Akapholisanga maseko esemthatha elitheni, noma, okungcono ukusho - ekhethekile umklamo bureau e Kazan, lapho izinjini ekhethekile zakhiwa. Ngo-1946, yena wayephakathi kwalabo abaye bahlola eJalimane, ukuthuthukiswa German endaweni missile.

Ukubuyela kusukela lapho imibono emisha, Glushko abesebenza aguqukile okb-456 efektri bezindiza Khimki, lapho ngo-1948 kwaba khona inhliziyo lokuqala RD-100 injini for the rocket, bese kakhudlwana futhi inqwaba kubo ngoba ezihlukahlukene izinto ezindizayo. Glushko Valentin Petrovich, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ehambisana ngokuphelele jet izinjini, khona-ke waba umholi ongenambangi ukudalwa kwako.

Merit

Ngo-1974 waqala ukusebenza inhlangano entsha kakhulu, eliholwa Academician Glushko, - "Energia", esasihlanganisa okb-456 okb-1. Umklami Jikelele kuhlehlisiwe Yiqiniso yona inkampani kakhulu. Yingakho wonke Uhlelo isikhala isiRashiya, kuhlanganise yesimanje, lo muntu ubophekile ukuba cishe wonke umuntu. Nguye owadala izinjini mkhathi "East" - kusukela indiza yokuqala ishayisa isikhala ngaphambi kokumiswa esiteshini emzileni. Ngaphandle kwayo, isikhala yethu impumelelo kwakuyoba ezahlukene ngempela. Mhlawumbe babengeke babe nhlobo.

Ngakho-ke elisungulwe Odessa lesikhumbuzo of Valentin Glushko, kwi avenue enhle, ebizwa nangokuthi i-igama lendoda "top-secret". Futhi Cosmonauts Alley Ubuye lesikhumbuzo eMoscow. Nokho, ngegalelo lakhe lawobaba ayikwazi babenesibindi esikhulu. Valentin Petrovich Glushko - Hero of Socialist Labour (kabili), anakho oda ezinhlanu Lenin futhi Red Banner wezabaSebenzi Okthoba Revolution, izindondo eziningi. He is owawina lo Lenin noMbuso Imiklomelo ye-USSR.

Korolev

Okb-1 angeziwe nge umklami oluvelele wasebenza Ochwepheshe esikhulu, okungekho wathola ehhovisi bebodwa (Ucabanga ukuthi isiboshwa lwesayensi, okuvumela ukuthi). Lokhu abantu edume: Umansky, Zheltukhin, Ishidi, Ikhoyili, Strakhovich, Zhiritsky nabanye abaningi. Ngo-1942, ngesicelo Chief Umklami Glushko kakade Kazan wathunyelwa umuntu edume kunazo, owanqoba isikhala.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich futhi Korolev Sergey Pavlovich ngokuhlanganyela ukuthuthukisa i nezempi kakhulu, okuyinto zokunqoba lizwe. Rocket izinjini isifakiwe ku Pe-2, kanye ngokushesha ngenhla ijubane kwaba 180 km ngehora. Zahlolwa ne Yak-3, La-7, iSonto-7. amazinga zokukhula umxhwele - kuze kube amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili ngehora. Ngakho, esebenzisa uketshezi jet injini ishintshile kakhulu ukudalelwa missile ubuchwepheshe.

Ubudlelwano neziphathimandla

Stalin ngaphambi "yakhululwa" Glushko futhi isuswe enecala ngo-1944. Kodwa ukuphila Umklamo lesi sinqumo ayikashintshi lutho ngempela. Yena njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imikhumbi, wayeyindoda we oluthathwa ngafaka kusukela lonke udonga olukhulu umsebenzi wokudala ukuthi kuyadingeka futhi izwe okudinga ngenhliziyo nangomphefumulo. Kodwa Glushko isetshenziswa kahle lesi senzo uStalin. Uzinikele umholi uhlu lwabantu amathathu naye owayebalekele ezikhishwe ekuseni futhi emsebenzini kule KB. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Abaningi balaba bantu alahlile isabelo sabo ne Glushko phakade.

Futhi kusukela ngo-1945, zinyanga walahla iminyaka eminingi abantu waba kwenhloko yomnyango e Kazan Aviation Institute, lapho ayesebenza khona ku jet izinjini futhi balungiselela abasizi uyakufanelekela yena bureau yakhe. Okuningi kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izolo ukugxekile lokhu rocket betadisha eJalimane "ngoba ukuketula" futhi eminyakeni nesigamu (iminyaka 1945-1947), eliyinani ngezebhizinisi. Trophies - German rocket isayensi - umklami, yebo, umxhwele. Kodwa futhi ngobuhlobo amandla akuxhomekile zokudala Kulokhu, futhi, ngathi kakhulu. Nge Stalin ngesikhathi Glushko kwadingeka umhlangano ezine noma kube emide yangasese eyayikhuluma rocket yasekhaya. Umholi ukubuzwa smart, ohlakaniphile, oqeqeshiwe.

isikhala

Ngo-1953 Glushko wakhethwa ukuba Academy of Sciences, ilungu ohambelana, kwathi ngo-1957, ngaphandle sivikele mqondo HAC ukhishwa kuye doctorate. Sekuyisikhathi ukubeka amaphupho zezingane zabo. Valentin Petrovich bezazisa uhlelo olubanzi bavimba iziteshi esemkhathini, ngisho nemizana ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya mkhathi esebenza. Yena sina wasebenza phezu ukuthuthukiswa Venus ne-Mars, kuhlelwe izindiza eziya asteroyidi.

Futhi abaningi ngamaphupho akhe, pronesonnyh kulo lonke ekuphileni komculo. Ukwethulwa isathelayithi lokuqala ukuzungeza planethi isimane kwaphoqa lizwe ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha we rocket. Umlayezo Umhlaba waqala ukusekela esiteshini esemkhathini "Mir", "Khonzani" by mkhathi bavimba imigwaqo "Soyuz" futhi imikhumbi "Inqubekela", okuyinto isakhiwa Valentin Petrovich Glushko. Kodwa amaningi aye hhayi zigcwalisekile kuze kube manje.

inyanga

Glushko kwaholela ukuthuthukiswa esiteshini ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, elaliyoba njalo kwakukhona abantu. Usizi umsebenzi "oyimfihlo" ngeke uvumele umphakathi ukuthi ukhuthaze lo mbono, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lapho emva ukuqalisa akuphumelelanga we H-1 Uhlelo kwenyanga yavalwa, akekho bayolila kodwa umklami abakhulu. Futhi ngisho konke okukhulu okwenzekile, ayikwazanga bamduduze kuze kube sekupheleni. Futhi kufezeke? ukulungiswa Over amahlanu izinjini uketshezi, manje kuyafakwa amamodeli nesikhombisa isikhala nezikhali ezicitshwayo lempi. Kwaba ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe by izinjini rocket umkhankaso esiteshini othomathikhi Mars, Venus NENYANGA, nazo efakwe mkhathi bavimba imigwaqo "Soyuz" futhi "East", futhi kungakanani yokufakelwa inyanga kanye iziphuphutheki ayifake orbit ngosizo lwabo!

A mkhathi "Buran", ithuthukiswe ngaphansi kobuholi Glushko, lo mkhathi kuthathwe kalula izindiza izici izinto zakamuva ukushisa-ukuze sivikeleke, kusukela izibalo computer zibe amashumi ezinkulungwane imidwebo, kanye injini, enamandla kunazo namuhla - RD-170, Glushko ingane, hhayi eliphansi, futhi ngezindlela eziningi aphakeme nasezinganeni "Shuttle"! Idivayisi lihle ngempela! Kodwa ... musa eziqhakaza apula izihlahla on Mars, hhayi inyanga ilandelela amathrekhi yethu. Ungalindi Valentine Petrovich. Ngo-1989, wafa, futhi igama lakhe-International Astronomical Union okuthiwa emgodini ohlangothini ebonakalayo of the Moon. Mhlawumbe nje eyodwa futhi vlok ebusuku kuye lo umphuphi omkhulu futhi esebenzayo.

abesifazane

Abesifazane futhi othanda Glushko Valentin Petrovich. Umkhaya ngakho kwakusala kude kuphela, ngaphakathi spite of "ekusithekeni", stints isikhathi eside "sharashkas" esinonya futhi umsebenzi. Okokuqala washada at nesishiyagalolunye, kuyilapho isitshudeni sase-University of Leningrad. Izimoto wayengasekho esingalayishwanga, kodwa uma elambile ngokukhethekile, Moonlighting ukulungisa okuncane zokuhlala, lapho wathola wangaphambili Odessa intombazane uSusanna Georgievskaya, umlobi esizayo. Kwenzekani phakathi ambalwa, kungani ohlukanisile, ayikaziwa. Kodwa izimo ezimangalisayo. Valentin walimala ngo isibhamu. Wathi isizathu - Ukuphathwa zokunganaki. Kulandelwa isehlukaniso.

Kukhona owesifazane omusha ukushada azenzayo hhayi - Tamara Sarkisov. Nokho, indodakazi Eugene kwadingeka isikhathi sokuzalwa. Ababoshwe Glushko uTamara Ngangesaba futhi kwase sazilahla bonke ubuhlobo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela ithuba, Glushko ke akabuyanga - akulula. EJalimane, amadaka wathola uthisha othiwa uMagda futhi izingane uzalwa - Yuri no-Elena. Khona-ke kumelwe aye okunye, ngalokho umlando bathulile. Glushko ndoda yayiyisibani umnandi kakhulu futhi yokuzenzisa, futhi ungungqondongqondo halo ngenhla kuye kwakhanya eliye. Kodwa ngo-1959, lapho umklami kwaba amahlanu nanye empilweni yakhe uvele uLidiya Naryshkin, intombazane yase-nesishiyagalombili, owayesebenza CB yakhe "Energomash" e Khimki, ayehlala nabo esele yiminyaka engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili, wakhulela indodana enhle.