2 Nicholas renunciation kwesihlalo sobukhosi. Izizathu, usuku abdication livela esihlalweni sobukhosi 2. 2 Manifesto UNicholas abdication

Labo kwenzeke ukuba wawukhona ngalolo suku kwesibhamu (2 Mashi 1917) e isitimela isitimela bobukhosi, neze ukuqagela ukuthi usuku abdication livela esihlalweni sobukhosi 2 hhayi kuphela seliqedile ngenkathi yokubusa esilandelayo, kodwa futhi kuvula amasango ezweni elisha, abesabekayo futhi ononya. obishini yakhe olunegazi wabhubhisa lwamakhosi ababusa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka amathathu, wayemiselwe ukuba kushabalale izisekelo zonke ekuphileni siyinqobile iminyaka eyinkulungwane yomlando Russian.

Izinkinga ezidinga izixazululo esiphuthumayo

Ubangela 2 abdication livela esihlalweni sobukhosi ezigxilile crisis ejulile kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho eRussia ekuqaleni kuka-1917. Ulwazi lokuqala ngalesi sigemegeme okusondelayo kombusi, owayesesimweni lezo zinsuku 'ngo Mogilev, wathola ngoFebhuwari 27. Ngo incwadi yocingo wafika evela Petrograd kubika okwenzeka nezibhelu.

Lalikhuluma yezinto ezinyantisayo ezivezwa izixuku amasosha Ibutho inqolobane, kanye abazihlelele abanolaka bahlasele izitolo iziteshi nokuduma amaphoyisa. Isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu ukuthi yonke imizamo ukuze umoya wenkosi isixuku emgwaqweni kwaholela kuphela ukuba ingalaleli ukuchithwa kwegazi nokuguqulwa.

Lesi simo ngokuthi athathe isinyathelo ngokuphuthumayo futhi nganquma ngathi, kodwa akekho noyedwa kulabo abakhona ngesikhathi ukubheja is hhayi ukuthatha ukuthi ngifunde ngibonise noma yikuphi ukulangazelela isinyathelo, futhi kanjalo, zazisemahlombe kumbusi. Esikhathini eshubile phakathi iningi ayethambekele umqondo isandla Duma State futhi udlulisele amandla akhe ukuze adale uhulumeni. Phakathi umyalo ephakeme, bahlangana ngalezo zinsuku ekomkhulu le, akekho oye kubhekwa njengento omunye izixazululo inkinga abdication Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Usuku, izithombe kanye njengesisekelo esinembile sokubalwa kwezikhathi zezenzakalo lwalezo zinsuku

Februwari 28 ojenene abanethemba namanje wabona ithemba kwetinhlavu iKhabhinethi ehola abaqavile emphakathini. Laba bantu abawazi yokuthi bafakazela ekuqaleni kakhulu ongenangqondo nokungabi nasihe Russian nokwambuka, okuyinto asikwazi ukumiswa yinoma yimuphi zokuphatha izinyathelo.

Usuku abdication livela esihlalweni sobukhosi 2 sisondela ngokungenakuvinjelwa eyayisondela, kodwa kulezi zinsuku zokugcina wokubusa kwakhe, umbusi wazama ukuthatha izinyathelo ngaphezulu ukuletha isimo ngaphansi kolawulo. In the photo, ibekwe ngendlela iphepha ethulwa lo mbusi, umbusi ngalezo zinsuku egcwele idrama. On oda lakhe izinga inzuzo welashelwa eCrimea, ibutho abadumile N. jikelele I. Ivanov. Kwaba umsebenzi wemfanelo: ngasekhanda we Ibutho Knights of St George ukuya kubuyiselwe ukuthula, kuqala Tsarskoye Selo ke e Petrograd.

Imizamo wahluleka ukuphula ku Petrograd

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-emperor ngosuku olufanayo wathumela incwadi yocingo uMbuso Duma Usihlalo M. V Rodzyanko lapho nivumelana khona ukusungulwa kwelungelo Ministry kwakhiwa kusukela amasekela ezikhonjwe kubo. Bavuka ekuseni isitimela imperial basuka endaweni yesikhulumi futhi wathatha isiqondiso Petrograd, kodwa ukuba beze kuye ngesikhathi esimisiwe awuzange ukuba.

Lapho ekuseni 1 Mashi wafika esiteshini "Malaya Vishera", futhi wayeyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu angaphezu kwamabili zamakhilomitha, yabe seyaziwa enhlokodolobha eyisihlubuki, ukuthi intuthuko eyengeziwe akunakwenzeka, kusukela esiteshini isendleleni elandelayo babesebenza amasosha wamavukelambuso ngokomqondo. Lokhu ngokusobala wawubonisa isikali ukuthi wathatha emelene nohulumeni imiboniso kanye okwesabisayo ukucaciseleka lonke nhlekelele engavikelekile ukujula, umvuthwandaba owawungumnyaka abdication Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Buyela Pskov

Kwakuyingozi sikhulume noJehova isikhathi esijana Malaya Vishera, futhi imvelo wakholisa yinkosi ukulandela Pskov. Lapho, endlunkulu ngaphambili enyakatho, babekwazi ancike ukuvikelwa ithembekile isifungo amayunithi lempi iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele N. V Rozovskogo. Waya khona endleleni sima esiteshini Staraya Russa, Nicholas izixuku zokugcina wafakaza bahlangana emsamo, wakhumula nezigqoko, namadolo eziningi, wabingelela eNgophezukonke yabo.

wamavukelambuso Petrograd

inkulumo enjengokuthi sinemizwa ukwethembeka, eyayintula isiko ezide aye abonakala kuphela esifundazweni. Petersburg is abilisiwe cauldron inguquko. Lapha, ubukhosi ayibonwa yinoma ubani. Streets bagcwala injabulo. Yonke indawo ovuthayo obomvu ngendwangu amafulegi nezibhengezo ngokuxhamazela namalovannyh obiza kokugumbuqelwa autocracy. Zonke wawufanekisela abdication kuseduze futhi ayinakugwenywa Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Kafushane, beka izenzakalo isici kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku, ofakazi waphawula ukuthi entshisekweni isixuku kwesinye isikhathi kungathatha umlingisi abantu babesaba. Ukuze kwabaningi kwaba sengathi uNkulunkulu konke engemnandi ekuphileni kwabo sesiphumile, futhi ngaphambi ukufika izinsuku kwenjabulo elikhanyayo. Emhlanganweni we Duma State kobuvamile ngokushesha kwakhiwa le Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, ezazihlanganisa babeyizitha eziningi uNicholas II, futhi phakathi kwawo - Umphikisi nekhono lokukhuluma ohlanga, ilungu Socialist-Revolutionary Party A. F. Kerensky.

Emnyango eziyinhloko Tauride Palace, lapho State Duma ngiya rally engapheli lapho izikhulumi, esikhundleni sazo ngokulandelana ungaphazanyiswa, eminye okugqugquzelwa okujabulisa isixuku. Baba nempumelelo ethile lapha Wezobulungiswa uhulumeni elalisanda kumiswa - eshiwo ngenhla AF Kerensky. Izinkulumo zakhe njalo wahlangana sezulwini nasemhlabeni. Waba isithombe jikelele.

Inguquko amayunithi lempi ohlangothini amavukelambuso

Kulethe ngokuphula ngaphambilini ongenzanga isifungo, kumi Petersburg lempi amayunithi waqala afunge zokuhambisana the Yesikhashana Hulumende, ngokuyinhloko enziwe abdication ngenakugwemeka Nicholas 2 sesihlalo sobukhosi njengoba kwakukhulekelwa umbusi kule ophucwa ukusekela inqaba yabo eyinhloko - amabutho ahlomile. Ngisho umzala yenkosi, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, kanye yemfanelo ayiphathisiwe Guards wema ohlangothini amavukelambuso.

Kulesi inhliziyo-nokugabavula futhi isimo kunezinxushunxushu uhulumeni omusha ngokwemvelo abanesifiso sokwazi lapho okwamanje inkosi, futhi yisiphi isinyathelo ngokumelene naye okufanele zithathwe. Kwakusobala ukuthi ezinsukwini zokubusa kwakhe zibaliwe, futhi uma usuku abdication livela esihlalweni sobukhosi 2 ingakamiswa esimisiwe, kwaba kuphela Kuxhomeke isikhathi.

Manje evamile "EnguMbusi-uMbusi" esikhundleni epithets wokwedelela "umashiqela" futhi "engumashiqela." abangenasihe Ikakhulukazi kwaba mpendulo lwalezo zinsuku ukuba iNdlovukazi - a German ngu imvelaphi. Ezindebeni zalabo izolo wasihlaba enezinhloso ezinhle, samane waba "umkhapheli," futhi "izitha Undercover Russia."

Indima M. V Rodzyanko kwenzeka kwenzeka

A ukumangala okuphelele amalungu Duma waqala ezivukayo ngaphansi emaceleni awo negunya lawo parallel - eSoviet ka Workers futhi Abalimi 'amasekela, ethukile wonke umuntu leftism ka iziqubulo yayo. Ngezinye omunye wemihlangano yalo Rodzianko wazama ukuba ethule inkulumo yimikhuba nendlela abaqhoshayo obiza ubunye futhi ukuqhubeka empini kuze kube sekupheleni ababayo, kodwa booed, futhi washesha ukuba ahoxe.

Ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula ezweni, usihlalo we-Duma athuthukile uhlelo, iphuzu eliyinhloko owawungumnyaka abdication Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kafushane, waqhamuka yokuthi engathandwa phakathi kwabantu nkosi kufanele nginikeze amandla indodana yakhe. Buka a young hhayi isikhathi kodwa kwadingeka ukuba nina iyiphi indlalifa ebucayini, ngokombono wakhe, ungase athobe izinhliziyo amavukelambuso ukuletha zonke esivumelwaneni mutual. Ngaphambi yobudala bakhe ibamba aqokwe umzalwane bomdabu yenkosi - Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, okuyinto Rodzianko yayifisa ukuba yokuthola ulimi olulodwa.

Ngemva kokuxoxa ngokuphimisela iphrojekthi ne onegunya kunabo amalungu Duma kwanqunywa ukuba ngokushesha ukuya ekomkhulu, lapho babazi, kwaba lelitimele, hhayi ubuye ngaphandle kokuthola imvume yayo. Ukuze ugweme ukuxakeka esingalindelekile, sanquma ukwenza izinto ngokuqapha, ngaphandle ekhaphela izinhloso zakhe zomphakathi. Ngokulinganayo, enomsebenzi obalulekile esiphathiswe amasekela amabili okunokwethenjelwa - V. Shulginu futhi A. I. Guchkovu.

The Army General Headquarters yeNyakatho Front

Ngabo lobo busuku, 1 Mashi 1917 isitimela lwasebukhosini weza ku esiteshini Pskov esiteshini. Amalungu nethimba unpleasantly bamangale yokuntuleka pheze ephelele greeters. Ngezinye imoto yenkosi ebonakalayo kuphela sibalo wombusi, abameleli abaningana ekuphathweni wendawo, kanye nezikhulu kweshumi. Ngo yithemba sokugcina zonke kwaholela isikaniso umkhuzi Gen. N. V Ruzsky. Ukuphendula isicelo usizo kumbusi, yena waphakamisa isandla wathi ukuphela kwento ukuthi manje wancika kuyinto isihe umnqobi.

Ngo isitimela yakhe lo mbusi wathatha jikelele, futhi ingxoxo iqhubeka kuze kube sebusuku kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Manifesto Nicholas 2 ka abdication yayisivele kuvuna, kodwa kwakungeyona isinqumo sokugcina. Kusukela Umlando ka Ruza eyaziwa ukuthi Nicholas omubi asabela ngayo ukudluliselwa kwamandla ezandleni amalungu isikhathi eside uhulumeni omusha - abantu, ngokombono wakhe, ebusweni futhi abakwazi ukuba baqikelele ikusasa Russia.

Ngabo lobo busuku, Jikelele N. V Ruzsky ucingo N. V Rodzyanko e nezingxoxo ezinde ukuxoxa okwenzekayo naye. Usihlalo Duma ngembaba ukuthi umuzwa jikelele Asondele ukuze isidingo renunciation, nezinye izindlela nhlobo. esiphuthumayo yocingo induna zonke izimpi bathunyelwa wasendlunkulu abakhulu, lapho batshelwa ukuthi, uma sicabangela nendlela evamile ababebhekwa ezehlukile izimo, le abdication Nicholas 2, livela esihlalweni sobukhosi, usuku lapho Kuzoqokwa ngakusasa ukuze kuphela kungenzeka isilinganiso ukusungula oda kuleli zwe. Izimpendulo ayeyithole kubo, uzwakalise ukweseka ngokugcwele ngesinqumo sakhe.

Umhlangano no-Duma izithunywa

Kuphelelwa yisikhathi ngomhla amahora wokugcina wokubusa kombusi we lweshumi nesikhombisa Indlu Romanov. Nge zonke kwesiphetho okwakuseduze emcimbini Russian, okuyinto eyaba senguquko inkambo yomlando layo - abdication Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. 1917-th kwaba owokugcina engamashumi amabili nambili wokubusa kwakhe. enethemba Okuningi ngasese kwabanye ababengamazi, kodwa umphumela omuhle, konke ayelindele ukufika wathumela kusukela Petersburg Duma sengathi ukuvakashelwa yabo okungaphazamisa inkambo yomlando.

Shulgin futhi Guchkov kufika ekupheleni kosuku. Kusukela Umlando labahlanganyeli izenzakalo busuku uyazi ukuthi uhlobo izithunywa inhlokodolobha lamahlubuka ngokugcwele wanikeza ukucindezeleka okubangelwa umsebenzi wabo: izandla shaking, ukuxakeka ukubukwa kanye nephika esindayo. Babengazi ukuthi namuhla ukuxazululwa umbuzo wayengakucabangi nakukucabanga izolo abdication Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Usuku, manifest nezinye izindaba ezihlobene yalesi senzo Bekulokhu kucatshangwa phandle, uzilungiselele futhi zixazululwe.

Esikhathini ukuthula esishubile wakhuluma A. I. Guchkov. Epholile, ngezwi kancane ayiminyanisa, waqala ukutshela ukuthi Imibandela kwakwaziwa phambi kwakhe. Ngemva kokuchaza zonke yithemba we isimo samanje Petersburg umbiko ukusungulwa iKomiti wesiKhashana we Duma State, wathuthela umbuzo oyinhloko, ngenxa okuyinto efika kule Mashi usuku ezibandayo amazinga - isidingo renunciation zenkosi livela esihlalweni sobukhosi esivuna indodana yakhe.

Isignesha, liphendulile inkambo yomlando

Nicholas wamlalela athule, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Lapho Guchkov wayeka, i-Sire, ngisho, njengoba wonke umuntu kwakubonakala izwi ezolile ukuthi, kokucubungula zonke izindlela ezingakhona sokuthatha isinyathelo, naye wafinyelela esiphethweni mayelana isidingo sokushiya sobukhosi. He is ukulungele simphika, kodwa ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe ayeliqamba indodana, ohlushwa isifo esingalapheki wegazi, futhi umfowabo - Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich.

Kwaba isimanga ephelele hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa Duma amanxusa, kodwa bonke ababekhona. Ngemva ukudideka emfushane kubangelwa onjalo ushintsho olungalindelekile ekuphileni kwethu, waqala ngemibono, ngemva kwalokho Guchkov wamemezela ukuthi, ngenxa yokungabi bikho oluthandwa bakulungele ukwamukela lokhu kwahlukaniswa. UMbusi asebethathe umhlalaphansi ukuba isifundo sakhe, futhi kamuva umzuzu waphuma wezinhloso okusalungiswa esandleni. Uma wawusuthuthuke izichibiyelo, umbusi wagqoka isignesha ke. Umlando uye walilondoloza umlando okwamanje ngathi: UNikolai 2 ngemvume abdication lakhe amahora 23, imizuzu engu-40, 2 Mashi 1917.

uColonel Romanov

Konke kwenzeka bashaqeke kakhulu nkosi uncrowned. Labo sathola ithuba baxoxe naye ezinsukwini zokuqala-March, watshelwa ukuthi ubekade Daze, kodwa ngenxa yokufakazela ezempi kanye ukukhulisa, igcinwe ogqoka ezikanokusho. Kuphela kuze kube sezingeni lokuba, njengoba usuku abdication livela esihlalweni sobukhosi 2 esebohlile ku esidlule, emuva ekuphileni kwakhe.

Emuva ngasekuqaleni, yizinsuku ezazinzima kakhulu yona wazizwa ebophekile ukuya Mogilev ukusho goodbye kuya lonke namabutho akhe athembekile. Lapha waqaphela izindaba zokuchithwa umfowabo njengozongena esikhundleni sakhe sobukhosi Russian. Ngo Mogilev kwenzeka mhlangano wokugcina unina Nicholas - the Dowager Empress Mariey Fodorovnoy, uhambo ekhethekile ukubona indodana yakhe. Ukusho goodbye kuya yakhe, umbusi wangaphambili, futhi manje nje uColonel Romanov kwesobunxele ukuze Tsarskoye Selo, lapho bonke bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo umkakhe nezingane.

Ngalezo zinsuku, neze ubani abone ngokugcwele yeka ukuthi kungaba inhlekelele Russia kwaba abdication Nicholas 2 livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. Usuku kafushane nanamuhla kuzo zonke izincwadi zomlando, isibe eboshiwe ka kwezinkathi ezimbili, i- Rubicon, ngokucindezela okuyinto, izwe nezinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando ezandleni nalawo mademoni waxwayisa ngakho e inoveli yakhe ekhaliphile by F. M. Dostoevsky.