Zokuhlushwa - ke ... Umqondo nezinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa

Ngazo zonke izikhathi kukhona isigebengu futhi isisulu sakhe. Kodwa kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili, iphethini kwamiswa ezothatha ihlandla elilodwa, kwaba ukuqala isifundo mayelana nale ndaba, njengoba victimology. Ngesisekelo umbono uwukuthi zonke umuntu odlwenguliwe ezithile izici ezenza kube abe yisisulu ukoniwa. Nokho, konke ngokuningiliziwe.

endaweni zokutadisha

Ngaphambi sikhuluma ngalokhu abaningi abanawo, efana zokuhlushwa, kanye ukuhlonza izimbangela sokuthuthuka kanye nethonya kwezinye izinqubo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, kubalulekile ukucacisa nemiqondo eyisisekelo kwethemu. Mangisho ukuthi lolu daba abathintekayo kulezi zici ulwazi lwesayensi, ezifana kwengqondo, kwabantu, imfundo, umthetho nokunye. E., Lokho kuphakamisa ngale ndaba kwesithi kwababusi esiphuthumayo kakhulu.

umqondo jikelele

Zokuhlushwa - kuba inqubo nomphakathi lapho umuntu ephenduka ibe yisisulu ubugebengu. Kalula nje, yingoba kuwumphumela ubugebengu obenziwa isisulu. Lapha kuyazuzisa ukuchaza umqondo zokuhlukunyezwa. Kuyaqondakala njengoba ukuthambekela noma uba yisisulu. Ngakho, ukuhlukunyezwa kanye zokuhlushwa kukhona imiqondo nolimi ingaphansi okuyinto isici sesibili kuqala. It ngaleyo ndlela kungenziwa kukalwa linani lemacala ugogekile kanye sebuningini izici nabongazimbi bobulelesi.

Zokuhlushwa: umqondo nezinhlobo

Umsunguli onjalo ezifana nokuthatha isifundo njengamaphuzu victimology baba L. V Frank. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle ithonya lakhe futhi ungazange bahlakulele umqondo zokuhlukunyezwa. Ngakho, Frank wethula nenchazelo. Ngokusho kwakhe, zokuhlushwa - kuyinto inqubo yokuba yisisulu, kanye yi yayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi singobani Kulokhu noma okusindayo.

Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, Frank ehlelwa ithala ukugxekwa. Abanye abacwaningi baveza ukuthi nomqondo inqubo nomphumela wayo kumelwe ibe khona ehlukile komunye nomunye, hhayi ukuba ngomunye.

Ngokwesibonelo, Rivman uthi zokuhlushwa - lena isenzo lapho ubugebengu ekhiqizwa maqondana nomuntu oye wonakalisa ukuthuthukiswa yokuba umlutha. Futhi uma abantu ngokuhlukumeza okunamandla isisulu uguqulwe yangempela ke le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "zokuhlushwa-yi."

inqubo Ukuxhumana

Njengoba ubufakazi obekushiwo kuyafaneleka ukuthi lezi zenzakalo ezimbili atehlukaniseki. Noma yisiphi isenzo enqophe isimo isisulu, has isiphelo sako okunengqondo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho umuntu ehlaselwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba umphumela umcimbi, isivele ngokuzenzakalela ozuza isimo isisulu. Kulokhu, ukuhlasela ngokwayo - kuyinqubo umqondo zokuhlukunyezwa. Umuntu ngokumelene nobani ubugebengu obenziwe, kuwumphumela.

Yingakho zokuhlushwa - kuyinqubo ithonya umcimbi eyodwa kuya kwenye. Lapho kukhona ubugebengu, aba maningi amathuba wokuwa isisulu kubo.

Surveys zokuhlukunyezwa

Ukuze siqonde izimo ngaphansi okuyinto ayengumuntu ofana nathi uguqulwe ebugebengu, kufanele ukuqhuba ucwaningo.

Zokuhlushwa kanye nobungako yayo kunqunywa khona idatha ezuziwe ngenani izisulu. Akukona kuxhomeke ubugebengu, umphumela wayo futhi khona nezinye izinto lokho kwaqala lo mcimbi.

Uma sikubeka kalula, zokuhlushwa - iqoqo zonke izimo lapho into ebangela umonakalo zokuziphatha noma ngokomzimba.

Phezulu, sibonga cwaningo degree of nezici ezithile ukuze abe isisulu, kungenzeka ukukhuluma into efana ubugebengu. Uma sithola ukufana phakathi imbangela nemphumela kulezi zinkanyezi, esiphethweni kusikisela uqobo. Izisulu okwengeziwe, ayanda ezingeni zobugebengu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni ukubhubhisa abantu njengoba isici kokuphila komphakathi.

Amafomu zokuhlukunyezwa

Njenganoma iyiphi enye mkhuba, inqubo yokuba yisisulu wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku zilwane. Ngakho, ngokwesimo sawo, kungaba umuntu noma emaqenjini.

Esimweni sokuqala-ke kusho ukuthi umonakalo owenziwe umuntu oyedwa ethize.

Esimeni sesibili ke iyisici nomphakathi - aggregate njengoba izisulu zobugebengu, futhi ngokwalo izenzo ulimaza enikeziwe indawo nesikhathi esiqondile, futhi ukutholakala izici qualitative ambalwa. Ngisho into enjalo omkhulu ebizwa ngokuthi "ubugebengu".

Futhi, kuye ngezinga of ukuvumelana social kokubili ubugebengu kanye ezifweni yesifundvo kute ke, izinhlobo ezilandelayo izinqubo:

1) Primary. Ngaphansi kwakusho umonakalo kumuntu othize ngesikhathi secala. Akunandaba ukuthi kwakungokomthetho zokuziphatha, impahla noma ukulimala ngokomzimba.

2) zokuhlushwa Secondary - is ngokungaqondile enza umonakalo. Kungaba uxhumeke, isibonelo, nge imvelo eliseduze lapho nokuntshontshwa impahla komunye umuntu ehlupheka wonke amalungu omkhaya eyibona khona. kunezinye izindlela ukulimaza engesobala. It sivezwe kula kophawu, icala ingqondo izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, eyedwa, ukuhlazeka udumo kanye nesithunzi, kanye nezinye izenzo okuhloswe ngaso desocialization isisulu.

3) ephakeme. Kuyaqondakala njengoba umthelela isisulu ngosizo abomthetho noma abezindaba izinjongo zabo.

Ngezinye izikhathi futhi ukuhlukanisa quaternary, okusho yiwo lo mkhuba kohlanga.

Amafomu zokuhlukunyezwa

Njengoba nomqondo inqubo kanye nomphumela ayikwazi bahlukana, kufanele futhi ukucacisa izinhlobo lakamuva.

Zokuhlushwa kwenzeka:

1) ngamunye. Siqukethe inhlanganisela izimfanelo siqu futhi imithelela isimo. Kuyaqondakala njengoba nezici ezithile noma kakade lwenteke ikhono uba yisisulu ezimweni lapho isimo ngeso elibanzi ugwema lokhu.

2) IMisa. Ngezansi kuyaqondakala isethi abantu abanale izimfanelo eziningana ukuthi ukunquma sengozini kwabo izenzo zobugebengu. Kulokhu, wonke umuntu ongashadile uba ingxenye uhlelo.

Kulokhu, lo zokuhlushwa mass akuhlobene zenyathi yayo, kuhlanganise iqembu, into-subject zinhlobo nezinhlobo.

ithiyori kwenqondo zokuhlukunyezwa

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umbono zokuhlushwa wadida eyala eziningi. Kubandakanya kwengqondo. Izazi eziningi ziye phambili ithiyori yabo izincazelo kungani umuntu eba umhlatshelo. Cabanga ezidume kakhulu.

Ngokusho Fromm, Erikson, Rogers nabanye, zokuhlushwa -. It (kwengqondo), lomkhuba ekhethekile esivela wonke umuntu uma sicabangela izici elimazayo. Ngesikhathi ukuma okufanayo elimazayo akuyona kuphela ngaphandle, kodwa futhi ngokwakhe.

Nokho, Freud futhi banamathela lo mqondo, wachaza ukuthi akukho ukushayisana ingaba ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kufanelana nomqondo kwesimo phakathi kwe ezimbili imizwelo engokwemvelo: self-ukulondolozwa kanye self-ukubhujiswa.

Adler ngesikhathi esifanayo lithi sizalwa nawo i drive nolaka wonke umuntu. A ukuziphatha ejwayelekile ingumfanekiso bebancane. Akunandaba, real noma engokomfanekiso.

Kuyathakazelisa agumenti Stekel. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngamaphupho umuntu obonisa inzondo yakhe, ubuhlobo bangempela ngokoqobo ezizungezile futhi ukuthambekela kokuba ubonise idrayivu ukufa.

Kodwa kunalokho Horney libabiza agumenti yayo ekufundiseni. Uthi kwakhiwa ubuntu is ebuntwaneni. Ziningi izinto ezingasenza ukuthonya ukubonakaliswa nezifo zengqondo kanye, ngenxa yalokho, ubunzima ukusebenza nomphakathi.

Zokuhlushwa kuyinto ... e pedagogy

By the way, ngokuvumelana theory Pedagogical, yahlukaniswa ngezigaba yobudala eziningana lapho ingozi zokuhlushwa anda. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-6:

1) isikhathi kwengane esiswini lapho ithonya ngokusebenzisa abazali futhi benza ukuphila kwabo okungenampilo.

2) Isikhathi zasenkulisa. Ukuziba izidingo abazali uthando, angisizwanga kahle isisebenzi ontanga.

3) isikhathi Isikole samabanga aphansi. Overprotection, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabi yayo kusukela abazali, ukuthuthukiswa izici ezihlukahlukene, ukungamukeleki othisha noma ontanga.

4) Ubusha. Ukuphuza, ukubhema, izidakamizwa, inkohlakalo, ithonya amaqembu ezigebengu.

5) usakhula ekuseni. ukukhulelwa okungafunwa, kokubalula ukukhubazeka nhlobo, ukuba umlutha wotshwala, ukwahluleka ubudlelwano, nokuxhashazwa ontanga yabo.

6) Youth. Nendlala, ukuba umlutha wotshwala, abangasebenzi, ukwahluleka ubudlelwano, ukungakwazi nezifundo.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sinqume ukuthi zokuhlushwa okunjalo futhi zokuhlushwa, umqondo kanye nezinhlobo lesi simanga. Ukuba khona ngezici ezithile ubuntu ukunikeza isizathu attribute ke engozini ukungqubuzana ezihlukahlukene izenzo ezingekho emthethweni. Okuwukuphela kwendlela kulesi simo ukusiza ochwepheshe, okuhloswe ngazo zombili zokuvimbela zalesi simo, futhi ukuqeda nemiphumela yaso.