Gutkina NI, inqubo "House": incazelo, ukuhlaziya imiphumela, tiphetfo

Kulesi sihloko, thola ukuthi ziyini amasu ukulungiswa, kubona bobunjwa, "Indlu" N. I. Gutkinoy nezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama asetshenziswe ngodokotela ukuze kutholakale izinga ekukhuleni kwengane.

Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi owaziwayo wezifo ohlelweni zemfundo yikona wokuqeqesha izingane esikoleni. Namuhla kukhona omningi ukuhlolwa izindlela isiqondiso. Phakathi kwabo etholakalayo "Uhlelo Expert, ebheka ukulungela ngokwengqondo kwezingane zeminyaka 6-7 ukuze wesikole" Gutkinoy N. I., okuyinto kubhekwa kakhulu kwakuthiwa umsindo. By the way, methodologically kubhekwa ithuluzi uhambisane kakhulu.

Izinzuzo amasu

inzuzo Sinemibandela kwalesi nqubo, isimiso, kwezimilo, ngalo usekelwe. Ngalolu hlelo ungakwazi nje ukusetha izici ehlukile ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukubikezela impumelelo imfundo izinyane lembuzi, kodwa futhi enze ukulungiswa kanye nokuphelela kohlelo ezanele. Long wayesebenza ku bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe Gutkina NI Izindlela "House" - umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, okuyinto ifakiwe kulolu hlelo.

Le phrojekthi yakhelwe ukuhlola izingane zeminyaka 6-7. Ngalo, kuvela ekuzimiseleni kwabo ngokwengqondo semisebenzi esikoleni futhi ziqashwe Dynamics kwengqondo izingane eqenjini asathuthuka. Kulo mBhalo, iphrojekthi isetshenziswa kusukela eminyakeni 5.5 kuya kwezingu-8.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlelo isetshenziswa ukufunda ukuthuthukiswa bokusungula, isidingo-affective, ngokungenasizathu, izindawo inkulumo.

iphrojekthi

Amathekhiniki ezakha project, tivivinyo akuzona. Siyabonga kubo, ungakwazi qualitatively ukuchaza ukulungela ingane esikoleni.

iphrojekthi Yokucwaninga siqukethe izindlela eziyisikhombisa, eziyisithupha zazo kuba nezenzakalo zokuqala kombhali:

• Indlela yokunquma ukubusa umdlalo noma Motifs ulwazi isidingo-affective sphere umntwana.
• School ukuvuthwa test Kern-Jirásek (orientation).
• ingxoxo kokulinganisa yembula "umfundi isikhundla yangaphakathi."
• Ubuchwepheshe "Yebo futhi akukho" (ikhono ukusebenza isifanekiso).
• Izindlela "House" (emihle motor ngesandla, ukunakwa yokuzithandela, sensorimotor inhlangano, ikhono ukugxila isampula).
• Ukwamukelwa "Boots" (ucwaningo ekufundeni).
• Indlela "Umsindo-ukufuna" (ukuzwa lwemisindvo).
• Ubuchwepheshe "Ukulandelana Izinkundla" (ukuthuthukiswa yokukhuluma, ikhono kuvame, ukucabanga okunengqondo).

Ukuze afeze lokho kuhlolisisa ngempumelelo, cwaningo ezenziwe ngokuhambisana ukuhlolwa oluzayo: zonke izinto ezidingekayo kufanele kube ngesandla uthisha sokusebenza kwengqondo. Of imvelo bakhishwa inyumbazana izinto elikhanyayo namathoyizi ezingaphazamisa ingane.

abazali kungaba ekhona yokulawula ingxoxo, kodwa ukuba khona kwabo emhlabeni ingane ngesikhathi ubuchwepheshe "Ukucacisa izisusa ukubusa" futhi "House" kuyinto engathandeki.

Inhloso ye-project

Nale phrojekthi, unga:

1. Thola ukulungela ugqozi wengane imisebenzi yesikole, kanye izici yokufunda yayo.
2. Anqume ekukhuleni kwengane zasenkulisa ngendlela engahleliwe, ugqozi, inkulumo kanye sphere bokusungula.
3. Zifakwe iminyaka eminingi efanayo umthombo inzuzo akudingi ukulungiswa.
4. Thola umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama okwathiya kwezingane kusukela kweminyaka eyi 5.5. Qala ukusebenza nabo ekutfutfukiseni indlela okukhethekile "Development Group" okuyinto NI Gutkina echazwe encwadini yakhe "ukulungela kwenqondo yesikole."

"Indlu" ubuchwepheshe

Iyini indlela N. I. Gutkinoy "Nendlu"? Ingane inikezwa isithombe srisovat, esibonisa indlu, ezinye izakhi ezivela njengoba izincwadi ingxenye dolobha. Ungasebenzisa lolu ubuchwepheshe ukunquma ukulungela izingane 5-10 iminyaka ukuba wesikole.

Inhloso yalo yokuhlola ukunquma ikhono esikoleni ukukopisha imodeli eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngenxa isabelo wembula ikhono wengane ukugxila model, ukukhiqiza kabusha ngokunembile. Ungase futhi ukuchaza izici okuqonda sibonwa, ukunakwa ekhululekile, motor emihle futhi sensorimotor ukubambisana preschooler izandla.

Izinto kanye nemishini lapha isinyathelo isampula iphethini, ipensela nephepha.

inqubo inhlolovo

Indlela zisebenza ku umkhuba inqubo N. I. Gutkinoy "Nendlu"? Ngaphambi ukwenza ukuzivocavoca ingane kubika le nkulumo engezansi: "Phambi kwakho amanga ipeni ephepheni. Ngiyanicela ukuba ukudweba uyibhala esibonelweni esifanayo njengoba kule isampula (ingane idluliselwe isithombe nge indlu zaveza). Ungajahi qaphela bese uzama sibalo yakho akazange zehluke isampula. Uma into ngizodonsela cha, sula Akudingi umunwe noma ibhande lokukala iraba (kumelwe aqikelele ukuthi ingane kwakungelona gum). Esikhatsini lesingetulu nje izingxenye okungalungile, noma ungasondela kahle. umsebenzi Wena kucacile? Bese qala nekuwusebentisa. "

ukubeka course

Ngiyavuma, onguchwepheshe omkhulu Gutkina NI Indlela Yokwenza "House" izimangaliso! Ngakho, yini okudingeka ukulungisa noma sekusetshenzwa? Udokotela wengqondo ukuthola isandla sobunxele noma kwesokudla udonsa izinyane. Lo chwepheshe ubophekile ukuba bagcine yokuhlola isebenza kanjani: kungakhathaliseki Uvame ukubuka lesi sithombe-isampula, noma uqhuba imigqa zasemoyeni ezinemithelela uhlaka yesithombe kuso. Noma mhlawumbe amadlingozi ngekhanda, nomuntu obuka isampuli?

Futhi, uthisha kufanele sinake ezicashile ezilandelayo: ingasheshi noma okusheshayo izinyane ophethe umugqa, ephazamisekile noma abasebenza kanzima, amasheke noma ngemuva kokuphothulwa umdwebo wakho nge imodeli.

Lapho ingane umemezela kwaqedwa umsebenzi, kufanele ucele ukuhlola ekudalweni kwabo. Uma kutholakala iphutha ke ngalesosikhathi they ezingelapheka, kodwa experimenter ubophekile ukuba abhale la izenzo.

Ukucubungula Imiphumela

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi nqubo "House". NI Gutkina ukuhlaziya izipesheli kwenziwe kanje: ngokucubungula izinto kumele zenziwe ngokungeza amaphuzu ukuthi unikezwe for amaphutha. Kodwa amaphutha ezifana yilezi:

1. Ukwandisa ngabanye izakhi isithombe ngaphezu kuka kabili. Usayizi lonke isithombe Kulokhu oluhambisana nephethini (3 amaphuzu isixhumanisi ngamunye ezinkulu).
2. Ukungabikho izithombe (4 amaphuzu) isici. I sithombe kungenzeka intuthu olahlekile, kocingo (ezimbili noma eyodwa nengxenye), ophahleni, igemfe, dweba phezu kophahla, umugqa obonisa ibhokisi endlini isisekelo.
3. amisiwe isithombe isici engavumelekile (3 amaphuzu). Njengoba amaphutha kungenziwa shi intuthu izindandatho, dweba phezu kophahla, kocingo, ipayipi, iwindi. By endleleni, uma ngokungalungile ukuboniswa kocingo amabhodi, 2 amaphuzu kungukuthi icala ngalinye ibhodi ngokungalungile ngesineke, futhi lonke kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla ocingweni ngokuphelele. Kusebenza umthetho ofanayo ukuze inhlasi intuthu eliphuma igemfe Ukufiphaza yendlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangothi kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele kocingo zidingidwa eceleni: isibonelo, uma ngokungalungile sketched ohlangothini lwesokudla, ngesikhathi ohlangothini lwesobunxele azikho amaphutha (noma intombi kowesilisa), ingane ithola ukunakekelwa 4 amaphuzu. Uma ingxenye ngakwesokunxele (ngakwesokudla) ohlangothini kocingo sketched kwesokudla futhi ingxenye ezinamaphutha ke ecaleni angahleliwe is esikalini njengoba omunye amaphuzu. abaqeqeshiwe kahle futhi Ukufiphaza ophahleni, futhi intuthu izindandatho. Uma kuphela ezinye izakhi ikopishwe intuthu izindandatho kweqiniso, izinyane uthola iphuzu elilodwa uma elihunyushwe dweba phezu kophahla ezinamaphutha, ukubeka iphuzu elilodwa. Inombolo engavumelekile izingxenye uvezwa izakhi sibalo ngephutha akubhekwa. Akunandaba ukuthi bangaki imigqa izoba Ukufiphaza ophahleni, intuthu izindandatho noma amapulangwe ocingweni.
4. ukubekwa olungalungile izingxenye esikhaleni yesithombe (1 iphuzu). Ngoba iziphambeko yalolu hlobo uyalandisa kuzo endlini kocingo ngenhla base umugqa (kwendlu kungathi sintanta emoyeni) noma ngezansi (ocingweni kumele kwabiwe base umugqa yendlu). Iphutha kubhekwa shift abalulekile niye kwesokunene noma kwesobunxele kusukela maphakathi iwindi. Uma umusi baphambukile degrees engaphezu kuka amathathu kusukela umugqa ovundlile - lokhu kubuye iphutha. Umsebenzi futhi kubhekwe uma usayizi base ophahleni oluhambisana endlini isisekelo, njengoba ayidluli (ngesikhathi isampula phezu kwendlu ophahleni overhangs).
5. Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezaqhubeka uncoma Gutkina NI? Izindlela "House" ubuchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi. Iphutha kubhekwa ukuphambuka kusuka predetermined ngqo umugqa isiqondiso degrees engaphezu kuka amathathu (1 iphuzu): skewness imigqa enezingqimba futhi mpo, akha ophahleni futhi endlini. Tiny kungavunyelwe ukushintsha engela ukuthambekela emigqeni ohlangothini ophahleni, "inkatho" (degrees engaphezu kuka amathathu) izinti engayitholi ukuphambuka umugqa ovundlile ngqo base kocingo (degrees engaphezu kuka amathathu).
6. Izikhala phakathi kwemigqa bakuphi ixhunywe (1 iphuzu inesikhala ngamunye). Uma imigqa ukuchamisela ophahleni alikho ukuxhumana umugqa ophahleni, 1 iphuzu kungenxa lonke Ukufiphaza, kunokuba ngayinye line yayo alilungile.
7. Superposition lemigqa (1 iphuzu isicelo ngasinye). Uma imigqa ophahleni amabhu aphume izifunda zalo, elinye iphuzu Kulinganiselwa lonke Ukufiphaza, kunokuba ngamunye line yayo alilungile.

Ukuze ukusebenza okuhle izivivinyo likhokhelwa 0 amaphuzu. Eqinisweni, sibi ingane ukudweba sibalo, ayanda score Imininingwane ephathelene nomsebenzi wakhe.

Ngiyavuma, amasu kuhle ezithakazelisayo "House" (NI Gutkina). Ukuhunyushwa imiphumela lesi silingo njalo kwenziwe kucatshangelwa nobudala umfundi esikhathini esizayo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingane sezineminyaka emihlanu ayilitholi zero amaphuzu ngenxa ukuvuthwa akuphelele zobuchopho elawula inhlangano sensorimotor. Futhi kuthiwani izinyane iminyaka eyishumi, okulinganiselwa ngesinye isikhathi noma ngaphezulu? Lo mphumela kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa okungekuhle wemikhakha okuskeniwe elilodwa noma inqubo kwengqondo.

ukuhlaziya Imiphumela

Kanjani ukuba sihlaziye ukusebenza ekusebenziseni inikeza Gutkina NI? Izindlela "House" - kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lo chwepheshe kumele bagxile ubunjalo imigqa: "Shag" noma kakhulu imigqa obukhulu kungase kubonise, ngokusho emithonjeni etholakalayo kulolu daba, isimo ukukhathazeka zasenkulisa. Kodwa isiphetho esinjalo neze engenakwenzeka ukwenza, sithembele kuphela umdwebo olulodwa. Kwakukhona izinsolo kudingeka uhlole izindlela ezikhethekile zokuhlola.

Analogue

Ngakho, yini lihlotshaniswa indlela "House" (NI Gutkina)? Okutholakele, okuyinto ivumela ukwenziwa ukuze kusizwe ukuhlola ukulungela wengane ukucindezeleka esikoleni. Abaningi babheka lobu buchwepheshe njengenhlangano Analogue II no III-Kern Jirásek umsebenzi test, okungukuthi ukukopisha izincwadi ezibhaliwe (II sifundo), futhi iqembu (III fundo).

Ukuqhathanisa imiphumela kulezi izikimu, izazi zaphetha ngokuthi lo ubuchwepheshe "House" kuvula izinga ngokwengqondo ofanayo ukuthuthukiswa ingane, nokuthi II no III amakilasi ukuhlola Kern-Jirásek.

Empeleni, sithola ukuthi nqubo "House" (NI Gutkina). Icubungula ababulawa umsebenzi kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Ezenye zibalwa e amaphuzu, ukuze umkhondo izinguquko kwemvelo sensorimotor wengane efanayo emazingeni ahlukene.

By endleleni, ngendlela efanayo izame izingane esifushane sekuqhamuke akuvunyelwe.