Yiziphi izinhlobo nenkulumo? Izinhlobo yokukhuluma kanye nezici zabo

Kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwe-abantu bahluka ezilwaneni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinja, amahlengethwa, izinkawu kanye nabanye abameleli e izilwane zasendle yabo ukuxhumana nabanye, abantu kuphela labo abazokwazi izinhlamvu ukwakha igama, futhi kuzo kwakha imisho. Nokho, ekhuluma - hhayi kuphela indlela yokuxhumana ukuthi sisebenzisa. Ngaphandle evamile asibize, esikushoyo kungaba zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezahlukene. Yiziphi izinhlobo kanye namafomu yokukhuluma basuke?

Empeleni, lokho esiyikho? Izichazamazwi ukuchaza ukuthi lo mbono, okuyinto ibonakala emazwini, ngokubhala noma nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Inkulumo - ingxenye eyinhloko yokuxhumana. Ukuxhumana kuhilela ukwenana Imininingwane phakathi kwabantu ababili. Ikakhulukazi ngoba ungakwazi ukuxhumana, hhayi nje ngamazwi, kodwa futhi iyiphi enye indlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sizobona, ukuzindla - ukukhulumisana eyedwa. Ngokulandelayo, cabanga ngalokho izinhlobo nenkulumo.

inkulumo Sound and Gestural

Ukhuluma ezazingekho ngokwalo. Isimo sobuso nokushukuma komzimba ukunikeza amagama yokukhuluma kanye nemizwelo. Abantu abayizithulu, hhayi ukukwazi ukuxhumana ngendlela evamile, ukuze kalula bashintshisane imicabango ngosizo ulimi lwezandla, okungase ngokuvamile bazwakale nakakhulu kunokujwayelekile, sikhuluma. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kungaba ihlukaniswe ezibhaliwe futhi ngomlomo, zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Izinhlobo ezimbili ungabahlukanisa njengoba zokuxhumana: ngamazwi nangezenzo. Thola ukuthi izinhlobo yokukhuluma basuke, ake sihlole lokho okushiwo likhona ngamunye wabo. Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi ngaphansi lezi zinkulumo kwakusho cishe into efanayo. Nokho, kukhona ezinye umehluko, futhi thina manje ukukhuluma.

Abantu abaningi ngokuyinhloko ukukhuluma amagama nemisindo, kodwa ezingxoxweni zansuku zonke indawo yakhe esithathwayo ngokushukuma komzimba. Noma ukuthi uphawu kuboniswe esebenzisa izandla noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba kungase kusho lonke igama noma iphuzu yokudlulisa. Ngokwesibonelo, Unqekuzisa ikhanda ikhanda lakho kungasho igama elithi "cha" noma "yebo", bese umunwe isenzo Inkomba lingadlulisela ngamaphuzu ambalwa :. "Ukuze", "ukubukeka" laphaya "noma" lapha "Umuntu osebenzisa ukuthinta, olakho ukukukhuluma igama elilodwa, kodwa siqhubeke ukuze badlulisele iqiniso, umsindo ehlukile ngokuphelele futhi Gestural akunakwenzeka, njengoba kuyahambisana -. umphelelisi nebhalansi nomunye.

Izinhlobo zokuxhumana ubonisa kanjani ukuthi uyangeneka

Yiziphi izinhlobo zenkulumo uyindoda? Ukushukuma kukhona ekuxhumaneni buthule, kuyilapho ukuqonda ngamazwi exchange of imicabango ngamazwi. Nazi ezinye izibonelo ekuxhumaneni buthule, Ikhono lokuveza imicabango nemizwa, ekhuluma "komzimba":

• kunyakata kwemtimba kanye isimo sobuso;
• ukuma (indlela sizigcine);
• buviyoviyo;
• kuchumana ngemehlo;
• zokuxhumana ethintekayo.

Naphezu zonke izinzuzo contact non-ngamazwi, ngokungafani ingxoxo evamile, isimo sobuso nokushukuma komzimba zingaqhubekela kahle. Ukumamatheka kwakho noma abantu shazi anganikeza incazelo ehlukile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani kuya amazwi lapho sibeka nencazelo yawo ngamabomu, ekuxhumaneni buthule ibonwa kuzinga enganakile. Le ndoda ngokwakhe akakwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi ulwazi ithumela. Ukudabuka nenjabulo, intukuthelo futhi ubuhlungu ngezinye izikhathi ingafundwa ebusweni bethu noma obaphatha ngayo abanye. Futhi lokho kulungile, ngoba ube umzenzisi, ukuze ecasukile zibonisa ukumamatheka.

Izibonelo zokuxhumana ethintekayo

Kungakanani zokuxhumana oluhlanganisa abantu ndawonye! Lona wonke Psychology yokukhuluma. Izinhlobo kanye nemisebenzi yokukhuluma ukukhombisa ubunjalo bayo. imishini yesimanje lobuchwepheshe ivumela ukuzwa izwi lomuntu buqamama, ngisho usebenzisa kwevidiyo ukubona ubuso umuntu nemizwa afuna ukuveza. Nokho, ngemva qapha ikhompyutha Awukwazi ukwanga ingane yakho noma pussycat nomunye ehlombe. Ukuxhumana ngale ndlela, ngeke ukwazi wamsingatha noma ukuqabula umuntu omthandayo. Njengoba ubona, sivame ukusho ekucabangayo futhi siveze imibono yethu, hhayi nje ngamazwi. Konke lokhu ukhuluma esivuna ukubaluleka kokukhulumisana ethintekayo.

Telulwimi lolukhulunywako izwi

Uma ucabangela umbuzo iziphi izinhlobo yokukhuluma basuke, kanye nokufunda amasu okuxhumana, kubalulekile ukucacisa umahluko phakathi izincwadi ezibhaliwe namakhasethi olimini olukhulunywayo. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili nokuxhumana kwabantu akuzona kuphela indlela yokudlulisela imibono eye, kodwa futhi isitayela uhlobo isethulo. inkhulumo lebhalwako kucace kakhulu, njengoba okufanele ukuchaza ukuthi lowo muntu ngeke abone (yokungathathi ku imifanekiso ukunakwa). Uma sifuna ukuthumela incwadi noma isihloko for kuwebhusayithi yakho, wena ngokuvamile kudingeka ukwethula umfundi usesikhathini, ikhumbula izinga labo okuqonda. Ngakho, lesi sihloko ligxile uhla othize abafundi - labo bamele uma ubhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi olubhalwayo lidlulisela Imininingwane bemvelo ajwayelekile (uma hhayi incwadi), njengoba ngokuvamile kuhloswe izilaleli elikhulu abafundi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kungase kuthinte eziningi ezimweni ezehlukene.

Ukukhuluma, kunalokho, ngokuvamile longeke watibona netintfo unspecific, ngoba abantu ababili (ngaphandle kokuba ungaphindaphindi ocingweni), ehlanganisa isimo esisodwa, ngakho amazwi noma izenzo ziveza leyo micabango njengoba, "Kukhona!" noma "Bheka!", baqonda kalula isilaleli. Ukukhuluma ifinyelela isisulu saso, ukudluliswa kolwazi, ezilandisa izidingo abafundi '. Uma kungenjalo, futhi indoda yakha isiphakamiso voluminous eside, ngoba iningi ngendlela yakhe ukuxhumana imibono uzobe beqonda njengoba eside futhi kuyisicefe. Ngakho-ke, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa izethameli, indoda okhuluma kahle futhi ngokuvumelanayo, kuba ngokuqephuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esikuvezayo imicabango ngamafuphi nangokunembile, ezithinta umqondo izilaleli bese ubamba ukunakwa abo. Ukuqhubeka ukuqhathanisa ulimi etemlomo nalabhalwako, singakhumbula ukuthi abalobi abanamakhono babengezona izikhulumi enhle njalo, futhi labo okungaphazamisa isisindo izwi, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho abakwazi ukubhala. Yiziphi izinhlobo ngobugagu futhi asetshenziswa umkhuba? Sibala kuphela ezimbalwa: i ezingokomoya, ezingokwenhlalo, zokwahlulela zezemfundo. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo ukuze futhi uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi konke kuhlobene ngolwazi endaweni ethile.

Bokukhuluma nekhono nokuxoxa ngezinto ezingokomoya

Ikhono lokuthonya izinhliziyo zabantu sekuyisikhathi eside ezivamile ukuba abashumayeli eziningi ezingokomoya. Abantu abaye bahlola iBhayibheli, uthole iqiniso elingokomoya, izikhathi eziningi bavele ngaphambi kwenkantolo noma evikela namagugu awo. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-izikhulumi eziningi onekhono. Ngenxa imibono yakhe, okuyinto wavikela ngobuciko ngesisekelo imiBhalo, L. N. UTolstoy esontfweni. J. B. uPriestley Nokho qhuba lo,. Abefundisi intukuthelo esibilayo nasemihlangeni noma ubani owamukela nalabo abangakholwa "abasezinhlanganweni". Izimpikiswano okwaholela wokushumayela laba bantu ephawulekayo sihluke nangalabo abangakutholi iyiphi yesimanje ngobugagu chants wabapristi.

Bokukhuluma kanye kwansuku izihloko

Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu wake wadlala phambi kwabanye. Namuhla, kuvame kuba nesidingo ukukhuluma kwesisebenza noma abaphathi. Nakuba lolu hlobo inkulumo ugcwele ezahlukene "isifanekiso" futhi "imicikilisho" yilabo abathi usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene kakhulu izingathekiso, ihaba futhi ukuqhathaniswa ehlukahlukene inkulumo yakhe, futhi kanjalo, sibe nomthelela efanele kanjani izilaleli. Cabanga ngalokho izinhlobo nenkulumo ukuba balisebenzise kangcono kuzo zonke engaba yayo ecashile.

bokukhuluma zokwahlulela

Njengoba yaziwa, uhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu mpendulo - lowo eduze ezicishe zibe nekhono lokukholisa. Mhlawumbe ngamunye wethu wazi abantu 'owayenganikela kakhulu "ukuthonya abanye. Enkantolo, leli khono kuyadingeka, ngaphezulu kwanoma iyiphi enye. Abameli kanye abashushisi, sivikele imibono yakhe ezama ukwenza kanye nomthelela ijaji amajaji. Abantu abanjalo bangase bathi, ukuzindla ngokunengqondo futhi sizame ukuthonya kunemibono zethu zokuziphatha. Ngenxa yalokho abampofu kungase kuzwakale nalokho okuhle futhi okuphambene. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitatimende efanele kunjalo asisho phendulela it phambi enkantolo, futhi kuzosiza ukwenza isahlulelo esifanele, ajezise lesimbi futhi bathethelele abangenacala. Enye into ukuthi emhlabeni kukhona abantu abangakwazi ukwenza imali, ubudlelwano noma izinzuzo ukuze bahlabele izimiso zabo zokuziphatha. Namandla ayo ukukholisa, bangakwazi ngempumelelo ukuthonya abanye.

bokukhuluma zezemfundo

Ukuze udlulisele ulwazi lwesayensi kwabanye kungenzeka kwenzeka anakho selimazi. Nokho, bambalwa kuphela ulwazi, kufanele ube yini ngezinga elithile wezengqondo nokuqonda izilaleli. Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukuthi njengoba usosayensi othile kuveza impahla yakhe njengoba unikeza ubufakazi esebenzisa imigomo yesayensi futhi ikhanga labo kakade nozakwabo. Kodwa isithakazelo sakhe engcono kakhulu yokufunda ukuthi ukudlulisela impahla ngendlela ezithakazelisayo - ukuze abafundi babone ngenzuzo ebakhona ngokwabo. Akukho ndawo ku akayi, ngakho wenza wonke umuntu - uma thina awuboni yimuphi uzihlumise bona, asisakhulumi sokuxoxa ngale ndaba bachazela Wemibiko. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane siqu "ukuzazisa" futhi ukwamukelwa ukuqaphela ukuthi "ukulalela kuye", a ngobugagu ekhethekile ayidingekile. Nokho, uma usosayensi esiqotho endleleni ukuze afundise futhi adlulisele ulwazi, kuba Yiqiniso, ukwenza imizamo edingekayo.

communicability

Ngokungafani ngobugagu oratorical, okuyinto amangalelwe ngesikhathi izingxoxo esisemthethweni noma presentation izithameli, ukuxhumana kubalulekile ngesikhathi zokuxhumana kwansuku bukhoma. Sociability ungumuntu owazi indlela yokuthola ulimi olulodwa futhi bahlanganyele inkhulumomphendvulwano nabanye. Uyakwazi ukubona ukuthi ukunakekelwa abantu abathintekayo lezi zinkinga futhi ufinyelele umgomo oyifunayo. Umuntu onjalo ukuqonda futhi siziphathe ngendlela ebonisa ikhono lokungacasuli futhi imithetho.

Ukuxhumana kanye nezinhlobo zokuxhumana

Akumelwe ididaniswe ukuxhumana ukuxhumana. Lezi izinhlobo ezahlukene inkulumo, futhi izici zabo zihlukile. Ngaphansi indlela yesibili aluhileli uqhuba ingxoxo, futhi ukubonakala kwakhe. Nokuxhumana Kunezinhlobo eziningana: ngokungaqondile, phambi kanye nokuxoxisana. Uhlobo lokuqala asetshenziswe amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela, uma abantu ababili, isibonelo, usebenze phezu wesifunda olulodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi abantu bangase bangawakholelwa ukwazi ulimi nomunye, kodwa yigoli bona bafisa, ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo, kufezwa ngokusebenzisa imizamo ngokuhlanganyela.

zokuxhumana Front kusho khona inkosi, noma umholi ngubani linomqondo ulwazi kwabanye. Isebenzisa isimiso 'umuntu ezingozini eziningi ". Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana isetshenziswa lapho isikhulumi kwenza inkulumo tetsamelilwati takhe wona.

Dialogue - exchange mutual kolwazi phakathi kwabantu ababili lapho angakhuluma omunye. inkhulumomphendvulwano Cross zingenzeka uma inkinga acoce iqembu labantu.

inkulumo "Yangaphakathi"

Imihlobo ngenhla yokukhuluma kanye nezici zabo babe izinhlobonhlobo inkulumo zangaphandle. Nokho, ngaphandle nje inkulumo zangaphandle, liphinde yangaphakathi. zokuxhumana kwembula inkulumo yomuntu njengoba ngomsebenzi. Izinhlobo ezinkulu yokukhuluma, futhi akumelwe lingabi nawo kuleli fomu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kuveza unvoiced (noma Monologue kwangaphakathi). Kulokhu, interlocutor ematheni ungumuntu ngokwakhe. Kusuka dialogical isitayela yokukhuluma esihlukanisa isifiso sokufinyelela sihloko abaningi ethize ngangokunokwenzeka. Dialogue, kunalokho, ikakhulukazi egcwele imishwana elula akuvamile athwala kunencazelo ejulile.

inkulumo umbala Ngokomzwelo

Umbono efanele yokukhuluma zinomthelela kulokho nalokho buviyoviyo washo la noma leyo nkulumo. Nangolimi lwezandla lwamazwe indima buviyoviyo udlala kulingisa. Ukungabikho ephelele buviyoviyo ebonwe lokubhala. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza umbhalo okungenani umbala obuthile ngokomzwelo, amanethiwekhi yesimanje nomphakathi baze izithonjana ezingaba ingxenye sidlulisele imizwa, inqobo umthombo ngobuqotho. Imibhalo yesayensi, izithonjana azisetshenziswa, ngakho umbhali kulindeleke ukuba ekhethekile ukucabangela logic nobuhle ekulotshweni umbhalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngoba umbala ngokomzwelo, zisebenzisa izibalo enhle yokukhuluma, iziphawulo izithombe ezimibalabala. Nokho, inkulumo emnandi kunazo Yiqiniso, ukukhuluma, okuyothi ungakwazi adlulisele yonke Iphalethi imizwa nemizwelo olutholwa umuntu. Ukukhuluma nje ku Ebuhlotsheni bethu nabanye, kungenzeka ukuzwa amanothi ngobuqotho, uhleko bangempela, injabulo nenhlonipho. Nokho, lapho ukukhuluma nomuntu umuntu kungaba intukuthelo, amanga lapho kungamazwi okubhuqa. Lo mphumela kubhujiswa esebenzelana nabanye. Kodwa izinhlobo kubhekwa, izici isici yokukhuluma kanye nezinye izici zalo, kuzokusiza ukugwema ukweqisa ezinjalo.

inkulumo art

Kanye ekuthuthukeni kwabantu kwezinye izindawo, singakwazi bayibheka njengelungelo umsebenzi noma umkhiqizo zomsebenzi njengoba umuntu othile futhi wonke umphakathi. Ukuqaphela ukuthi ithuba elikhulu lembula nokuxhumana womuntu, abanye luwuphendule art. Lokhu kungenziwa kuqondwe kuphela ngokuwafaka ohlwini iziphi izinhlobo ngobugagu kukhona ngokwemvelo. Ngakho, sizobona ukuthi siyigugu kangakanani lesi isipho yikhono lokukhulumisana. Nokho, lolu hlobo kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu has izinhlobo ezihlukene azalwa naso noma bathenga yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu.