Yiziphi imininingwane ulwazi lwesayensi?

Isayensi - is phetho umsebenzi womuntu ngokomoya, okuhloswe ngaso ukuzuzwa iqiniso umgomo ezihlobene nemithetho yemvelo. Owenza umzimba owodwa ulwazi mayelana nemithetho yesayensi kufanele ihlukaniswe ezizimele, okuvumela ukuba afeze ucwaningo kanye elucidation amaqiniso kanye izenzakalo, ngaphandle sijule cwaningo kukamama. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi simo ukwaba yemvelo isayensi yemvelo kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo. Nokho, lesi akusona umbandela kuphela ngokuhlukana: eziyisisekelo futhi isicelo isayensi ngokuya ibanga ukusuka ngokoqobo.

Isayensi buhlobene eduze nefilosofi. I ngokucacile yolwazi yesayensi ifilosofi - ukuqaphela nokucubungula amaqiniso maqondana isithombe wangempela waleli zwe. Philosophy khona umngane esisemqoka kwesayensi zikhathi ebalulekile emlandweni, kubaluleke namuhla.

I ngokucacile yolwazi yesayensi uwukubonakaliswa izici eziningana:
1) Injongo eyinhloko isayensi - ukucaciswa imithetho umgomo engokoqobo, kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle uchungechunge ayekhulekela, ngoba kuyinto Abstraction kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kukhawulwe ububanzi yokucabanga ukunquma ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. ezibanjwayo ezithile.
2) , ulwazi lwesayensi kufanele kube okunokwethenjelwa ikakhulukazi, ngakho umnqopho kuba isici wakhe oyinhloko, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo akunakwenzeka ukukhuluma nganoma yini nge ukunemba ezithile. I umnqopho into esekelwe cwaningo ezibukwayo asebenzayo nezindlela zokuhlola.
3) I ngokucacile yolwazi yesayensi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi iyiphi isayensi kuhloswe kwesicelo esisebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, kumele achaze izizathu, imiphumela futhi ukuxhumana phakathi izinqubo ezihlukahlukene.
4) Lokhu futhi kungenzeka izithasiselo unomphela and self-ukuvuselelwa isayensi okutholakele ngokulandelana yezimanga ukuphikisa noma uqinisekise ekhona imithetho, tiphetfo, nokunye.
5), ulwazi lwesayensi ufezwa ukusetshenziswa njengendlela ekhethekile ephezulu ukucacisa amathuluzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa logic, izibalo kanye nezinye izakhi womsebenzi ngokwengqondo nangokomoya.
6) Noma yimuphi ulwazi kumele kube ngokuqinile provable - liphinde ngokucacile yolwazi ngokwesayensi. Imininingwane engasetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, kufanele lungabi naphutha futhi evumelekile. Nokho, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kodwa hhayi ngaphandle ezinye ezicatshangwayo, imibono kanye imikhawulo.

ulwazi lwesayensi - ngokuyinhloko inqubo ukuthi lwenzeka enokwehla futhi theory amazinga, ngamunye nalo imininingwane yayo siqu. Naphezu kokungaboni ngaso linye, amazinga ezimbili kuhlobene, futhi umngcele phakathi kwayo ngempela ephathekayo. I ngokucacile yolwazi yesayensi ngayinye yalezi amazinga, ngokusekelwe ukusetshenziswa ucwaningo kanye zomculo, incazelo ezincwadini imithetho nemikhuba esimweni ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma practice, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle umbono.

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene ulwazi lwesayensi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izingxenye ezibaluleke kakhudlwana inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ulwazi, okungukuthi inkinga, ithiyori hypothesis.

Inkinga - Kugcwaliseka ezinye nokushintshashintsha ezidinga zingachazwa ngokwesayensi. Lena indawo eyingqayizivele noma kuqalwa, ngaphandle okuyinto singekho esinye izimfanelo sokuthuthukiswa ulwazi. I ngokucacile yolwazi yesayensi ifilosofi ikuvumela ukuba athole indlela yokuphuma le sayithi ngesisekelo iziphetho theory kanye nama-practical.

Hypothesis - is washayelwa izinguqulo ukuthi zizama ukuchaza izenzakalo ezithile kusukela iphuzu zesayensi of umbono. Umbono ukuze zigunyazwe. Uma ikhona, iba imfundiso yokuziphendukela kweqiniso, kodwa kwezinye izinguqulo angathembekile. Wokuqonda umbono elungile kwenzekani isicelo salo esisebenzayo.

Konke lokhu izinhlobo ulwazi lwesayensi ahlelwe uhlobo mbhoshongo esiqongweni okuyinto le mfundiso. Theory - enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi enembile uhlobo ulwazi lwesayensi, okuyinto enikeza incazelo enembile lomkhuba. Ukuba khona kwawo - imfuneko eyinhloko for ukugcwaliseka iphrojekthi practice.