I-opera "Boris Godunov" - inhlekelele yombusi wezigebengu

Opera "Boris Godunov" yadalwa nguModest Petrovich Mussorgsky njengengoma yomculo kazwelonke . Kubonakala kuwo wonke umhlaba njengokuphumelela okukhulu kwesikolo sama-opera aseRussia, isibonelo esihle kakhulu somkhuba wentando yeningi emakilasini ethu. Ihlanganisa ukujula kwemidwebo engokoqobo yomlando waseRussia nemiklamo emangalisayo eyabonakala ekudalweni komsebenzi womculo.

Umbono owamukeleke emhlabeni jikelele wokuthi i-opera "Boris Godunov" kunzima ukuqhutshwa kwamanye ama-opera ezindlini zangaphandle, njengoba kunzima ngabaqhubi bezwe, abaqondisi, abadlali ukuba bangene ngokujulile emibonweni yomdlalo womculo kaMusorgsky. Ngokuthakazelisayo, izigcawu ze-opel ze-stellar zomhlaba zacela abaqondisi baseRussia ukuba baqhube esiteji seBoris Godunov, isibonelo, uLa Scala - A. Konchalovsky.

Indaba yokuqala yombono wokwakha i-opera kwakuyinkinga efanayo ka-Alexander Pushkin. "Boris Godunov," i-biography yalesi sombusazwe ovelele waseRussia, isiphetho sakhe esibuhlungu, impikiswano phakathi kokulangazelela amandla angaphezu kwamandla aphansi nokungazitholi kwabantu abanenkinga yokubusa okwakubusa ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe. Ngokuvamile, ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu neziphathimandla kungumqondo wemibono yabakwa-Decembrists emdlalweni wePushkin.

U-Mussorgsky wayithatha futhi wayithuthukisa, njengoba i-Opera uBoris Godunov yadalwa ngokuphakama kwezinguquko eRussia emva kokuqedwa kwe-serfdom, phakathi kuka-1868 no-1872, lapho umbuso wezombusazwe ubonakala ungenakunqotshwa ukuzamazama, wenza ukuvumela umphakathi. Umqambi yena ngokwakhe wasebenza ku-freetto, ngokungezelela ekubhekiseni "Umlando wezwe laseRashiya".

U-Mussorgsky uqonda ukuqina kwezifiso emphefumulweni weqhawe. Empeleni, akayena umuntu omubi - uBoris Godunov. I-opera isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, isimo esendaweni yesehlakalo sikhombisa ukuthi ukoma kwamandla kudonsela kanjani umuntu, okokuqala kule mandla akulona ngokulangazela okukhulu. Uma kusengaphambili kwe-Opera uBoris wenqaba isihlalo sobukhosi, kamuva, esivumile ukuthatha umqhele, uhlushwa ukungabaza (i-monologue "Usizi lomphefumulo").

Ngokufanayo, umlando wendabuko yomnumzane ubalekele uGrishka Otrepiev, owafunda kumdala uPimen indaba yokufa kukaLabrevich Dmitry. NguPimen ophikisana noGregory ngokuzibophezela ukuba abaleke endaweni yezindela kanye nomqondo onesibindi wokuzibiza ngokuthi isikhulu esilondoloziwe.

Umlando we-infanticide uhambela umndeni kaBoris. Ukufa komkhwenyana wendodakazi kaTsar Xenia, ukuhlushwa kwengqondo ka Godunov (i-monologue edumile "Ngithole amandla amakhulu"). Futhi umoya wekosana elibulewe eliphupha inkosi. Kubonakala sengathi uBoris akakhathaleli ukuthi utshelwe ngomkhohlisi.

In version yokuqala ye opera "Boris Godunov" iphelile ngesimo sokufa kwakhe. Ngokulandelayo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-70, umqambi waqedela i-opera, wanezela isimo sonke sokuvukela ngaphansi kweKromy - ukuqala kwesikhathi esinzima.

Kunezinguqulo eziningana ze-opera, ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zahlelwa futhi zafakwa nguN. Rimsky-Korsakov, uDkt. Shostakovich, uMnu. Ippolitov-Ivanov. Isetshenzisiwe kanye nohlelo lomlobi, luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi lusetshenziswe, lukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba izinkundla zezinkundla eziningi zenza i-opera ekwelapheni kukaRimsky-Korsakov.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izisekelo ezidumile zezikhathi ezahlukene zavulwa ku-opera - zonke azikwazi ukufakwa ohlwini, kodwa uFeli Chaliapin, u-A. Pirogov, uB. Shtokolov nabanye abaningi badala ukuhumusha okungenakulibaleka kwesithombe sikaBoris. Iqembu le-Tenorovaya Yurodivy laba yinto ebuciko obuhle eyenziwa ngu-I. Kozlovsky. Iqembu eliyinhloko labesifazane likaMarina Mnishek labhalwa i-mezzo-soprano, kodwa i-soprano yenza, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1970 uGalina Vishnevskaya wayicula.

Izindlela zobuciko ezisetshenziselwa umqambi zinkimbinkimbi futhi ziningi, isenzo sokuphela kokugcina sihlangene nokukhumbuleka ngokweqile kuthathwe iziqephu - i-monologue, i-arias. Ama-choirs anamandla ikakhulukazi ku-opera.