Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma iseva ye-DNS ingaphenduli futhi ngingayilungisa kanjani?

Wonke umsebenzisi uyazi ukuthi ubuhlungu kanjani uma ukuxhumeka kwi-Inthanethi kulahlekile. Ngomshini noma i-router, kubonakala sengathi kulungile, kodwa uma uxazulula inkinga, uhlelo luyabhala "Iseva ye-DNS ayiphenduli." Okufanele ukwenze kulokhu, akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo. Futhi ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo sokulungisa inkinga, kufanele uqale ukuthola ukuthi ukwehluleka kungahle kuhlobene kanjani.

Iyini iseva ye-DNS?

Okokuqala, ake sibheke ngokushesha ukuthi iseva ye-DNS iyini. Njengoba wazi, yonke ikhompyutha noma iseva exhunywe kwi-inthanethi inekheli layo eliyingqayizivele le-IP (uma liyi-static futhi lingashintshi). Kodwa ngeke ukwazi ukubamba ngekhanda inombolo eningi yenhlanganisela yedijithali yokufinyelela kumthombo othile.

Ukusebenzisa iseva ye-DNS ikuvumela ukuba "ubophe" ikheli ekhelini lesizinda. Ngakho-ke, ibha yekheli iqukethe ulwazi ngesimo senhlanganisela yamagama, izinombolo nezimpawu. Kwanele ukukhumbula ngisho negama lensiza, futhi ngeDNS, uma ufaka ikheli, uzoqondiswa ku-IP eboshiwe. Kuphela lapha kanye nezinsizakalo ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi zihluleka. Okulandelayo, sizocabangela ukuthi senzeni uma iseva ye-DNS ingaphenduli, kodwa manje ngamazwi ambalwa mayelana nezinkinga ezingenzeka.

Izimbangela ezenzekayo zeziphambeko nezinhlobo eziyinhloko zeziphambeko

Ngokuvamile, amaphutha ngokwabo angahlukaniswa ngokomzimba abe yizigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: izinkinga ezivela kumhlinzeki noma ezivakashelwe imithombo kanye nokuhluleka okuhlobene nezilungiselelo ezingafanele zamakhompiyutha womsebenzisi.

Esikhathini sokuqala, into okufanele uyenze ukulungisa lesi simo ayinalutho, ngoba, njengoba sekuqondwe kakade, akukho okuxhomeke kumsebenzisi lapha. Enye into lapho amaphutha aphakama ngenxa ye "rally" noma ukuguqulwa ngamabomu kwezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kwisistimu yokusebenza. Futhi lapha kungaba khona izizathu eziningi. Kodwa phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu yizinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhluleka okwesikhashana ku-OS noma ukusebenza kwe-router;
• Ukuvimbela uhlelo lokuvikelwa;
• Izilungiselelo ze-DNS ezingalungile kuzilungiselelo zeprothotho esetshenzisiwe;
• Izilungiselelo ezingalungile ze-DNS ku-router;
• Isimo sekhasimende le-DNS ekhutshaziwe;
• Ukugeleza kwekhasi nokuphutha kwamanye amapharametha wenethiwekhi;
• Ukuvezwa kumagciwane.

Iseva ye-DNS yensiza ayiphenduli: kufanele ngenzeni?

Ngokuqondene nokuhluleka kwesikhashana, okuyinto ejwayelekile ngempela, akukho uhlelo lwekhompyutha oluqinisekisiwe ngokumelene nabo.

Ake sithi ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa uhlelo lubonisa umlayezo obonisa ukuthi iseva ye-DNS ayiphenduli. Yini okufanele ngiyenze? I-WiFi ibonakala isebenza, kodwa ayikho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi. Okokuqala, kufanele uhlole uxhumano oluvela kwenye idivayisi (okungenani kusuka efonini yakho ephathekayo). Uma kukhona ukuxhumeka, khona-ke kusekugcineni kwekhompiyutha ngokwayo. Kulesi simo, udinga nje ukuqala kabusha.

Uma uxhumano alukho kuwo wonke amadivaysi, kungase kwenzeke ku-router. Kuye, udinga ukusetha kabusha izilungiselelo (qala kabusha). Noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa inkinobho yokusetha kabusha, evame ukutholakala kwiplanethi yangemuva, ayinconywa (nakuba ungayibamba imizuzwana embalwa). Kungcono ukukhipha ngokuphelele i-router kusuka emanzini ngamasekhondi angu-10-15, bese uyivula futhi. Abanye abasebenzisi baneluleka ukwenza uhambo isikhathi esingamahora angu-15-20, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu akudingekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi emva kokuqalisa kabusha ukufinyelela kuzobuyiselwa.

Ukuvula

Ngezinye izikhathi i-antivirus efakiwe kanye ne-Windows firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ingavimbela i-DNS. Kulesi simo, ukuqala, udinga ukukhubaza isikhashana ukuvikelwa kwe-anti-virus bese uzama ukuvula isayithi.

Uma konke kulungile (futhi imithombo iphephile), kufanele ifakwe ohlwini lwahlukile.

Okufanayo kuya ku-firewall. Okokuqala udinga ukukhubaza, kodwa uma ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudingekile kakhulu, udinga ukungeza isiphequluli esisetshenzisiwe kulawulo olusha oluhlukile. Ekugcineni, isiphequluli ngokwayo singashintshwa sibe sesinye. Mhlawumbe isizathu sinjalo nje.

Ukumiswa kwamanethiwekhi kweseva ye-DNS ku-protocol ye-IP

Kodwa-ke, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngokuvamile amaphutha ahlotshaniswa nezilungiselelo ezingalungile. Ake sithi iseva ye-ByFly DNS ayiphenduli. Yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu? Isixazululo ukushintsha izilungiselelo ze-DNS.

Ungakwenza lokhu kusigaba "Soxhumano Nokwabelana" se "Iphaneli Yokulawula", lapho imenyu yokushintsha izilungiselelo ze-adapter yenethiwekhi ikhethiwe. Lapha udinga ukuthola i-protocol ye-IP esetshenziswa manje (ngokuvamile i-IPv4) futhi iya ezindaweni zayo.

Ezimweni eziningi, emkhakheni wezinsiza ezikhethwayo nezinye, imingcele etholwe ngesikhathi sokuxhuma izoboniswa. Okokuqala, ungasetha ikheli elizenzakalelayo le-server ye-DNS.

Uma lokhu kungakusizi, ungasebenzisa inhlanganisela evulekile njengezinsizakalo ze-Google, ezihlanganisa, isibonelo, ezokuhamba ezine nezinyawo ezine, ukuphakama okubili nezinhlangothi ezine, njll. Ukuhluka kuyanele. Le ndlela cishe iyasiza ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Iseva ye-DNS ayiphenduli. Yini okufanele ngiyenze? Router kanye nezilungiselelo zayo

Kodwa lezi zingu-parameters kuphela zenethiwekhi. Kuthiwani uma kukhona amapharamitha angalungile ku-router? Phela, kulokhu, futhi, umyalezo wephutha uzokhishwa, futhi umsebenzisi uzoqala ukuzibuza ukuthi benzeni uma iseva ye-DNS engaphenduli.

Kuzodingeka ubheke izilungiselelo ze-router ngokungena kuzo kusuka kunoma isiphi isiphequluli ngokufaka ikheli elikhonjiswe ku-nameplate kusuka phansi (njengomthetho, iqala ngenhlanganisela 192.168, futhi amadijithi amabili wokugcina, kuye ngokuthi imodeli, ingaba ngu-0.1 noma 1.1).

Manje udinga ukusebenzisa ukwahlukanisa kwe-WAN. Izenzo zifana nalokho okwenziwe kuzilungiselelo ze-IP. Uma kungekho okucacisiwe emasimini ekheli, amakheli abelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Akukho lutho olulula, kunokuba abeke phakathi kwabo inhlanganisela echazwe kuzilungiselelo zeprothotho.

Ukuhlola isimo sekhasimende le-DNS

Kodwa izenzo ezingenhla zingase zingabi nomphumela omuhle. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma iseva ye-DNS engaphenduli, kulokhu? Esinye sezixazululo kungenzeka kube ukuhlola inkonzo ngokwalo (kungenzeka ukuthi imisiwe ngesizathu esithile).

Ukuze wenze lokhu, hamba kusigaba esifanele usebenzisa i-console "Run" (Win + R) bese ubhalisa services.msc kuwo. Lapha kufanele uthole isevisi yekhasimende le-DNS futhi ubuke isimo sayo. Uma iklayenti ingasebenzi, chofoza kabili kwimenyu yesethingi, cindezela inkinobho yamandla, futhi ngohlobo lokuqaliswa usethe "Automatic".

Ukubuyekeza abashayeli bekhadi le-Network

Ngokuvamile, kunjalo, kodwa ungabhekana nezinkinga nabashayeli bamakhadi enethiwekhi. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma iseva ye-DNS ingaphenduli, futhi iphutha ngumshayeli? Vele ubuyekeze.

Lokhu kwenziwa kusukela "kuMphathi Wedivaysi", ongabizwa kusukela kusigaba sokuphatha, "Iphaneli yokuLawula" noma kusukela kwimenyu ethi "Run" nomyalo we-devmgmt.msc. Ngaphakathi kwe-PCM, umshini wokuvuselela umshayeli umane ukhethwe. Uma umsebenzisi ene-adapter yenethiwekhi engavamile, kungcono ukulanda umshayeli wamanje kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi, besebenzisa izikhombi ze-VEN ne-DEV (kungcono ukusebenzisa umugqa omude kunazo zonke incazelo).

Noma kunjalo, ukuze ungakhathazeki ngokwakho, ungafaka izinsiza ezizenzakalelayo njenge-Driver Booster, DriverPack Solution noma enye into. Isibuyekezo ngemuva kokuskena nokuqinisekiswa kuzokwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo nangaphandle kokungenela komsebenzisi.

Izenzo ezengeziwe

Okokugcina, uma zonke izenzo ezingenhla zingenayo umphumela oyifunayo, ungazama ukuhlanza i-DNS cache bese usetha kabusha zonke izilungiselelo zokuhlela.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-console yomyalo iqalisiwe (okudingekayo egameni lomqondisi), futhi imiyalo elandelayo (ngaphandle kwamaphuzu okubhala) abhalisiwe kuwo:

• Ipconfig / flushdns;
• Ipconfig / irejista;
• Ipconfig / uvuselele;
• Ipconfig / ukukhululwa.

Ngemuva kokuthi yonke le miyalo ibulawa, uhlelo lwekhompiyutha aludingi ukuthi luqale kabusha. Kodwa ngenxa yokwethembeka, kubalulekile ukukhiqiza kabusha.

Ama-virus

Zonke izixazululo ezichazweyo zingenakwenzeka ngokuphelele ngoba uhlelo luye lwaqina ngokuqinile igciwane elibi noma ikhodi enonya, okuyinto ngokwayo izenzo ezishintsha izilungiselelo zayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukwehluleka kwe-DNS akuhlotshaniswa nanoma yiziphi izizathu ezichazwe ngenhla futhi kungabhekwa ngumhlinzeki, umthombo, noma umsebenzisi, kuzodingeka uhlelo oluphelele lokuskena kwesistimu.

I-anti-virus evamile ayisebenzi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezifana ne-Kaspersky Rescue Disk, eyenza isheke ngaphambi kokuba i-OS iqale (idinga ukubhalwa emithonjeni ekhishwayo futhi ixoshwe kuyo, ibeka kuqala okufanelekile kuzilungiselelo ze-BIOS).