Iyini i-RAM?

Njalo umfundi wesikole manje angasebenza nezinhlelo kumakhompyutha akhe. Kodwa okumangalisa ukuthi abantu abaningi nje aboni ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba okungenani ube nomqondo jikelele wezinqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweyunithi ye-elekthronikhi. Kodwa umfundi, njengomuntu ofundisiwe, ngokuqinisekile ufuna ukuqonda umbuzo walokho okuyi-RAM. Lolu lwazi alugcini nje ukwandisa ukukhanya, kodwa likuvumela ukuba ukhethe imemori ekhiqizayo kakhulu ikhompyutha yakho.

Ngakho, yini i-RAM? Noma iyiphi idivayisi ye-computing, ngisho nokubala okulula, ngaphandle kwekhanda lokubala ngempela ithwala izinhlobo eziningana zememori. Uhlobo lokuqala luyi-ROM ( imemori efundwayo kuphela), kanti eyesibili i-RAM (imemori yokufinyelela engahleliwe), ngokulandelana. Umsebenzisi onentshisekelo kulokho i-RAM, kuyoba nemibuzo eningi kakhulu, uma ukhumbula isichazamazwi solimi lwesiNgisi: i-ROM ne-RAM. I-Rom ifundwa kuphela, futhi i-RAM nayo yokubhala (Ukungafinyeleli okungahleliwe). Ngezinye izikhathi ukubhala e-ROM kusengenzeka, kepha ngezindlela ezikhethekile (umqambi, njll). Ukuze uchaze ukuthi yiyiphi i-RAM, ake sinike isibonelo nge-calculator.

Ngemva kokucindezela inkinobho yamandla kusukela ku-ROM, i-microprogram yokubala ifundwa futhi isebenze, isimo se-inkinobho sibuzwa. Lapha umsebenzisi ucindezela inkinobho ngedijithi. Ngisho nokubala okulula kakhulu kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuchofoza okungu-4: izinombolo ezimbili, izimpawu zesenzo nokulingana. Umbala wokubala "ukhumbule" ukuchofoza kwangaphambilini ngaphambi kwesibonakaliso "sokulingana"? Amanani abo agcinwa ku-RAM. Emakhompyutheni, noma yikuphi, ngisho nohlelo lwehhovisi, luthwala iprosesa ngezibalo, amanani ayo akwi-RAM.

Ukuziqhenya kwe-RAM ukuthi kusebenza ngokushesha (uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ROM), kudla amandla amaningi, futhi idatha egcinwe kuyo igcinwa uma nje umshini wokuhlinzeka unikezwa.

Ekhompyutheni yekhompyutha, inkumbulo yokusebenza iyinxanxathela yama-lacquered textolite (ama-slats, amamojula) ngenqwaba yezikhonkwane zokuxhumana, i-wiring yokuqhuba imigudu kanye neqoqo le-memory chips. Amamojula afakwa kuma-connectors ebhodini le-motherboard.

I-RAM iguquke ngamakhompyutha. Yiziphi izinhlobo zakhe ezingazange zisetshenziswe! Lokhu kungekudala abathuthukisi abazami "ukuvuselela isondo," ngoba ingqalasizinda yentuthuko yi-DDR. Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwezinga elisha le-DDR ku- Intel 845 ne-VIA KT266, i-SDRAM imemori yayisetshenziswa kabanzi. Kwakuyi-"run-in" futhi ubuchwepheshe obungokwethenjelwa, kodwa amamojula asekelwe kuso ngokungaze alahlekelwe umkhawulokudonsa ukuze avule amandla amaphrosesa amasha. Ngakho-ke, isisombululo esithuthukisiwe - i-DDR (i-Double Data Rate) yahlongozwa. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka ku-SDRAM yangaphambilini kwaba ukwanda okuphindwe kabili kusivinini semfundiso. Lokhu kwafezwa ngokuhlela ukufundwa kwemininingwane kusuka kumangqamuzana enkumbulo, kokubili ngaphambili nangesitembu sewashi lesignali. Ukuvama akuzange kushintshe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhono amamojula kwenziwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinguquko eziphawulekayo zenziwe. Omunye wabo - isikhathi se-RAM siqale ukusekela ukumiswa okuzenzakalelayo. Le parameter igcinwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zememori zanamuhla. Imele ukubambezeleka kokudla kwesimodemu yokuvumelanisa isignali. Ukunciphisa inani layo, ukuphendula ngokushesha, kodwa ukuzinza okuncane okusebenzayo. Uma ukubaluleka kwe-microcircuit kuncane kakhulu, bamane abanaso isikhathi sokulungiselela ukufunda, futhi kwenzeka iphutha.

Futhi, uma ngaphambili ku-BIOS kwakudingeka ukuthi ucacise ngokuqondile izici zokusebenza zamamodyuli, manje imingcele edingekayo ibhaliswe ku-SPD block (chip kumoduli), futhi i-BIOS iwafunda futhi iwabeka ngokuzenzakalelayo.