Imemori. Idivayisi yememori yekhompyutha

Inkumbulo yekhompyutha yidivayisi enesibopho sokugcina ulwazi. Kungaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi kwenziwe imisebenzi ehlukile. Kuncike ngenhloso lapho inkumbulo izosetshenziswa khona. Idivayisi yememori, ngaphezu kwesitoreji, inikeza ukuhanjiswa kolwazi oludingekile.

Izinhlobo

Ngokuqondene ne-typology, inkumbulo ye-PC ingaba ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphakathi, ngokulandelanayo, kungaphakathi kwedivayisi yobuchwepheshe futhi yakhelwe ukurekhoda ulwazi oluhlukahlukene, izinhlelo, njll. Ngaphandle kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe idatha yesikhathi eside. Akuxhomeki esimweni sekhompiyutha, noma yiziphi izilinganiso imemori yangaphakathi. Idivaysi yememori inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-typology yayo.

Imemori yangaphakathi

Lolu hlobo ngokuqondile luxhomeke kumprosesa futhi lisetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha nezinhlelo ezihileleke ngokuqondile ekusebenzeni kwedivayisi yobuchwepheshe. Ukufinyelela kule hlobo lememori kuyashesha kakhulu. Kodwa unamandla okulinganiselwe ngokwevolumu. Amadivayisi ememori yangaphakathi ahlukaniswe ngama-subspecies: inkumbulo ehleliwe nokusebenzayo.

Uhlobo lokuqala lubophezele ukugcina nokukhipha idatha. Okuqukethwe kwimemori engunaphakade kunqunywe ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwedivayisi yobuchwepheshe. Ayikwazi ukuguqulwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Inkumbulo engunaphakade igcina idatha esetshenziswa njalo, izinhlelo zesistimu zokusebenza, nesofthiwe enesibopho sokuhlola imishini.

Ngokuqondene nohlobo lokusebenza, ludinga inkumbulo yangaphakathi futhi libhekene nokwamukela, ukugcina nokunikeza ngesikhathi esifanele ulwazi oludingekayo. Idivaysi yememori ishesha kakhulu kangangokuthi uma ufunda noma uyibhala, iprosesa ayilinde nhlobo.

Izici ze-RAM

Lolu hlobo ludlala indima enkulu kukhompyutheni, ngoba iprosesa ingenza lolu hlelo kuphela ngemuva kokuthi lilayishwe kwimemori eyinhloko. Nokho, idivaysi enjalo inesidingo esikhulu. Iqukethe ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho amandla ayo evuliwe, i-RAM isula ngokushesha. Futhi yonke idatha engagcinwanga izolahleka. Inani le-RAM lixhomeke kunoma yiziphi izinhlelo ezingasetshenziswa kwi-PC. Uma enganele kwikhompyutha, ngabe isicelo asiqali nhlobo, noma sizosebenza kancane kancane.

Ezinye izinhlobo

Ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nokusebenza, kunezinye izinhlobo zememori:

• Imemori yesikhashana. Ubhekene nokufinyelela okusheshayo kwe-RAM nokugcina amakhophi ezindawo ezithile zohlu lokusebenza oluvame ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uthole ukufinyelela okusheshayo kolwazi olufanele.
• I-CMOS-RAM iyinxenye yememori enesibopho sokugcina imingcele yokucushwa kwe-PC. Lolu hlobo aluguquki ngemuva kokuthi idivayisi ixhunyiwe kusuka ekunikezeni amandla.
• Imemori yevidiyo isetshenziselwa ukugcina isithombe esiboniswa kumqapha.
  

Imemori yangaphandle

Idivayisi yememori yangaphandle ikhona ngamafomu ahlukene. Imisebenzi yabo nezakhiwo zabo zishintsha njalo futhi zithuthuka. Idivayisi esemqoka yememori yangaphandle yile diski enzima. Yenzelwe isitoreji sesikhathi eside sayo yonke imininingwane e-PC. Nasi uhlelo lokusebenza, cishe yonke isofthiwe kanye nemibhalo eminingi yomsebenzisi.

Imingcele eyinhloko yediski yocingo ihlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Amandla.
• Isivinini sokujikeleza kwedisk, esinquma ukufinyeleleka kolwazi kanye nesivinini sokufunda idatha.
• Usayizi we-Cache, njll.
  

Isakhiwo nemisebenzi yediski enzima

Ngokuqondene nezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-hard drive, zikhona ezine:

• Disks.
• Ingxenye ye-elekthronikhi yedivayisi.
• Swayipha.
• Izinhloko zokufunda nokubhala.

Ngesikhathi sokurekhoda, ikhompiyutha ithumela ulwazi kwidiski eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela yama-bits kanambambili, okwakubhalwe yi-magnetization njengokuhle noma okungalungile.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi idivayisi yobuchwepheshe icela imininingwane ebhaliwe ngaphambilini, izinkomba ezinzima zijikeleza, futhi izinhloko ezihloselwe ukufunda noma ukubhala zithuthukile kulezo zindawo lapho idatha ethile eqoshiwe khona. Izinhloko zibona ngokushesha ukuthi izibonakaliso zilungile noma zibi futhi zithumele idatha kule khomputha. Naphezu kokuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zolwazi zizingxenye ezahlukene ze disk, izinhloko zikwazi ukufinyelela kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo abayidinga. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba usheshe ukusheshisa ukufinyelela kwedatha uma uqhathaniswa nemisebenzi efanayo yamateyimu omhlaba.

Yimaphi amanye amadivaysi anikeza inkumbulo

Idivaysi yememori ikhona futhi kwezinye ukuhluka:

• Ama-disks aflexible. Babesejwayelekile kakhulu esikhathini esidlule, kodwa basuke bengabikho namuhla. Nikeza isitoreji solwazi oluncane ngamazinga anamuhla wevolumu - 1.44-2.88 MB. I-floppy disk ngokwayo ifakwa ebhokisini lepulasitiki, elifakwe kwi-computer ekhethekile yokushayela. Amadivaysi okugcina amakhodi alolu hlobo kufanele afomethiwe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa futhi agcinwe kude namaginethi.
• I-CD-ROM ne-CD-RW - inketho eshibhile futhi evamile yokugcina ulwazi olusetshenziswa namuhla. Ivolumu yedatha yokurekhoda ikhulu kakhulu, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.

• I-DVD-ROM, i-DVD-R, i- DVD-RW, i-DVD + RW , njll. Amashayela amaningi asebenzayo avumela ukuba urekhode idatha emafomethi ahlukene: umsindo, ividiyo, amadokhumenti, njll. Yiba nenkumbulo enkulu - cishe 4.7-17 I-Gbyte, evumela ukuthi ugcine ulwazi oluningi ongadinga ama-CD-ROM amaningana.
  

Imithombo yesimanje yesitoreji

Naphezu kokusakazeka, ama-CD kanye nama-DVD athathwe ngokuphindaphindiwe nezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezigcina ulwazi.

Idivayisi yale typology iboniswa ikakhulukazi nge-flash memory, ekhona ngamafomu ahlukene:

• Amamephu ahluke ngezinga levolumu kanye nedatha. Idivaysi yememori khadi ikuvumela ukuba uyisebenzise ezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho, uqala ngekhompyutha yakho, ngokuvamile i-laptop, kanye nefoni ephathekayo bese uphela ngamakhamera wedijithali, amakhamera nezinye izinto zokusebenza.

• USB Flash Drive, eyaziwa ngokuthi "flash drive". Le divayisi isebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-serial ne-bandwidth kuze kube ngu-480 Mbps. Umgcini ngokwakhe ufakwa emzimbeni ohlangene, ongaba nombala, umumo kanye nezinto. I-plus yale divayisi yobuchwepheshe nayo ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ikhwalithi ecacisiwe, kodwa futhi ngokuqondile kuyo ukusebenzisa umculo, ividiyo, ukufunda nokulungisa imibhalo, njll.

Inkumbulo yekhompyutha ingumqondo oyinkimbinkimbi. Iqukethe izingxenye eziningana - zangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ingaphakathi libhekisela emininingweni engapheli, esebenzayo nezinye izinhlobo. Okungaphandle kuboniswa ngediski enzima, futhi kuhluke ngefomethi, ivolumu, uhlobo, ijubane lokudlulisela kanye nokurekhoda kwedatha ngamadivayisi aphathekayo. Izici zezinkumbulo zememori zingahluke kakhulu, ezithathwa ngobubanzi nenhloso yokusetshenziswa kwazo. Umbuzo wememori yekhompyutha yomuntu siqu kanye namakhono ayo kuphuthumayo kakhulu. Unyaka ngamunye kunezinguquko nokuthuthukiswa kule ndawo.