Yegor Gaidar. Biography, umsebenzi. Umkhaya sezombusazwe Russian

Namuhla, abaningi aqhaqhazele ukukhumbula eligadulayo 90-s, lapho izigidi zabantu baphoqeleka ukuzwa bonke ubunzima yenguquko ukusuka ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ukuba capitalism. Omunye izibalo ezisemqoka enkundleni zezombusazwe ngesikhathi kwaba Yegor Gaidar. Nakuba kusukela ekufeni inqubomgomo sekudlule iminyaka 5, mpikiswano sisashubile mayelana yizinguquko kwezomnotho ngofaka ithuthukiswe plan yabo.

Yegor Gaidar: Biography, ubuzwe abazali

Igama ukuthi inqubomgomo ezwe elaliyi-USSR wayaziwa zonke wesikole, njengoba izigidi zezingane aseSoviet wenyusa isibonelo amaqhawe izincwadi ezibhalwe kumkhulu wakhe - Arkadiem Golikovym. Phakathi Yombango wayelwa kwababusi iRed Army, futhi ngesikhathi esebuthweni Khakassia wayegunde isidlaliso Gaidar. Kamuva, umbhali wamthatha njengoba nesibongo, okuyinto kwadlula indodana yakhe ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wesibili ne Liey Lazarevnoy Solomyanskoy - Timur, bese umzukulu wakhe. Ngakho, ubaba Egora Gaydara kuyinto Russian kuphela uyise, kodwa elisuka samaJuda unina.

Timur Abramovich wazalwa ngo-1926 futhi wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe Navy Soviet, njengoba ephakama elisezingeni engemuva Admiral. Parallel kule, wathola besigaba sesibili e-Faculty of Journalism WPA kubo. Lenin, futhi ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe wezempi, ubesebenza njengomshayeli umlobeli we iphephandaba "Pravda" phesheya. Ngo-1955 washada indodakazi umlobi odumile Russian Bazhov - Ariadne Pavlovna, futhi ngo-1956 bathola indodana - Yegor Gaidar, biography, ubuzwe kanye ogama imisebenzi in the kwezepolitiki kuchazwe lapha ngezansi.

ebuntwaneni

Egor Timurovich Gaydar (biography, ubuzwe abazali bakhe usuvele eyaziwa) Ngazalelwa eMoscow. Njengoba kuye kwashiwo, nguye umzukulu abalobi ababili abaziwayo. Ngokuphathelene inqubomgomo kazwelonke, wacabanga yena Russian.

Lapho esemncane Yegor kwaba eCuba, lapho njengoba umlobeli we iphephandaba "Pravda", wathunyelwa uyise. Elapho, watholana no-Fidel Castro kanye Che Guevara, owayevakashela endlini lapho umndeni owahlala khona Egora Gaydara.

Ngo-1966, umfana ungeniswe eYugoslavia, lapho bajwayelana izincwadi, okuyinto uvinjelwe eSoviet Union, kanye ukuthola kweqiniso, umuzwa undistorted umsebenzi Marx no Engels wezomnotho.

Ngo-1971 umkhaya wabuyela enhloko-dolobha, futhi Yegor Gaidar waqala ukuya inombolo esikoleni 152, okuyinto iminyaka engu-2 kamuva wathola iziqu nge wendondo yegolide. Ingene khono kwezomnotho YaseMoscow State University, insizwa waqala ukutadisha nezindaba ukuhlela kule mboni, futhi ngemva kokwamukela diploma obomvu baqhubeka ukuze bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo iziqu.

Umsebenzi nocwaningo imisebenzi esikhathini predperestroechny

Ngo-1980, Gaydar egor Timurovich bavikela PhD yakhe ukubhala izindlela self-ngezimali, wahlanganyela Communist Party zazo kwaze kwaba ka-August 1991 Icebo lika ngonyaka futhi wathola lokusabalalisa Scientific Research Institute for System Studies.

Wabe eseqala ukusebenza iqembu lososayensi abasha, eholwa Economist Soviet owaziwa Stanislav Shatalin. Ngokushesha Gaidar nozakwabo benza Luhlatiyo yizinguquko kwezomnotho emazweni kwekamu sezenhlalo, bakha inkolelo ku sidzingo setingucuko eliyisisekelo e-USSR.

Esikhathini esifanayo, usosayensi wahlangana Anatoliem Chubaysom, futhi elibazungezile wakha isiyingi ka nomqondo ofanayo, united isifiso sokushintsha emkhakheni kwezomnotho.

Ngo-1986, Yegor Gaidar eqenjini ngaphansi kobuholi Shatalina wayiswa Institute of Economics we-Academy of Sciences zase-USSR, futhi iningi lososayensi ngenxa yomgomo glasnost, Gorbachev limenyezelwe, kwakunokwenzeka ukudingida izimpikiswano ezihlobene belungiselela kwathatha ubudlelwane emakethe.

emsebenzini journalism

Gaidar liberalizing imibono kwezomnotho kahle kungaziwa umphakathi, uma usosayensi akazange ababecela ukungiqhubela abe umhleli yiphini "Communist" umagazini, futhi kamuva - the kwenhloko yomnyango kwezomnotho we iphephandaba "Pravda". Kule nkathi kwenkonzo yakhe, ngenkuthalo igcugcutela umcondvo wekugcilisa ekunciphiseni isabelomali izindleko on emkhakheni, Ungasingenisi nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo. Kulokhu, lapho besanda kuqala womsebenzi walo njengoba intatheli Gaidar kwaba umsekeli yezinguquko kancane kancane lokho kwakuyobe kungenzeka ukuba afeze ngaphakathi isimiso samaSoviet ekhona.

Umsebenzi wakhe ukuba ngibe usihlalo UHulumeni RSFSR AI

Adume Agasti ebusuku ngo-1991 egor Gaydar iqhaza ekumeleleni White House. Elapho, watholana uNobhala State of the RSFSR G. Burbulis. Kugcine wathonyelwa Yeltsin ukuphathisa ukuthuthukisa uhlelo yizinguquko kwezomnotho Gaidar iqembu. Ngo-October 1991, esethulwa emihlanganweni Congress 5th of amaphini Yabantu, futhi sivunyiwe izihambeli zomhlangano. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, Gaydar egor Timurovich waqokwa iPhini likaSihlalo we uhulumeni RSFSR ophethe ezomnotho, kanye June 15, 1992 waba esebenza uNdunankulu. Kulesi isikhundla wahlala uDisemba 15, 1992 futhi wadlala indima ebalulekile kudalwa eziningi zikahulumeni we Russian Federation, ezifana intela kanye yasebhange uhlelo, amasiko, izimakethe zezimali kanye nabanye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo namuhla, abagxeki Gaidar it is icala la imiphumela emibi izinguquko: i-ukwehla imali zabantu, ayehle kakhulu amandla emali, ukwehla zokukhiqiza, nokwehla elibukhali indinganiso isilinganiso ephilayo, kanye nokukhula imali ukungalingani.

inhlekelele yezombangazwe futhi ePhalamende ngo-1993

Yegor Gaidar, ogama biography luqukethe izinkomba hhayi kuphela mayelana ups, kodwa futhi nezinkinga, ayizange uyakuthola ukusekelwa lamaphini weCongress 7th of amaphini Yabantu ngesikhundla sakhe esisha njengoba uSihlalo kaHulumeni. Lokhu kwenqaba ukuvuma inqubomgomo kwenye izikhundla ezibalulekile kakhulu isimo, kanye eziningi nezinye izizathu ezaholela ekuqaleni inhlekelele yezombangazwe.

Kusukela ngo-December 1992 kuya ku-September 1993, Yegor Gaidar eyingoduso e imisebenzi yesayensi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye belulekwa uMongameli Russian Federation ngenqubomgomo kwezomnotho. Lo mholi wezombusazwe kwaba uyisihluthulelo ngesikhathi kunezinkinga lomthethosisekelo 1993, kwathi sekusele izinsuku ezimbalwa lokhu, wayengalulazi uqokelwe yiphini uhulumeni Chernomyrdin. Nguye wabuza Muscovites kuthelevishini ngokuthi yokubuthana ngasemzini isakhiwo Yedolobha YaseMoscow Council. Ngenxa yalokho, ngobusuku Septhemba 22 ku Tverskaya uvele ngothango, futhi ekuseni kwaba nesiphepho White House yaphela nge ekunqobeni Yeltsin abasekeli.

Ngokushesha kwathi Gaidar futhi Chernomyrdin babe umehluko oyisisekelo ezindabeni ezinkulu inqubomgomo nezomnotho kuleli zwe, ngakho Gaidar incwadi yokwesula emsebenzini wakhe, ngemva echaza izisusa isinyathelo sakhe ngendlela uMengameli incwadi.

imisebenzi eminye

Kusukela ngo-December 1993 kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1995, Gaidar kwaba iphini Duma State. Parallel kule, yena ephethwe inhlangano "Democratic Ukukhethwa Russia". Phakathi Chechen impi sezombusazwe Yegor Gaidar wenza ukulwa nesitha futhi ngokuthi Boris Yeltsin ukuphonsa ithawula igama lakhe elithi kamongameli esilandelayo. Nokho, emva kokushicilelwa plan for settlement obunokuthula sempi yezikhali Chechnya, iqembu lakhe asekelwe ikhanda eyisibopho zombuso.

block "Union of Right Amandla" kwamiswa ngo-1999. Lapho eva iqembu Gaidar. Okhethweni labetibambile ngoDisemba kulo nyaka, wakhethwa a oyiphini State Duma we umhlangano wesithathu. Ngesikhathi emzimbeni eliphakeme zomthetho wezwe Gaidar iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni kwe-mali kanye Intela Amakhodi.

inqubomgomo ukufa

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuphila Yegor Gaidar ayenezinkinga ezithile zempilo. Ikakhulukazi, 2006, waquleka ngesikhathi ukubukeka zomphakathi e-Ireland, wayiswa egumbini labagula kakhulu esibhedlela sendawo, sahlala khona izinsuku eziningana. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka ngosuku emva isimemezelo ubuthi nge polonium Alexander slavi, in the amahemuhemu cindezela ukuthi Gaidar wayebuye isisulu ngomzamo kokubulawa. Kwakuthinta uphenyo, kodwa akukho bufakazi ubuthi etholakele.

Egora Gaydara ukufa iphutha Disemba 16, 2009 emzini wakhe, etholakala edolobhaneni kweNyuka. Economist owaziwa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola ngonyaka 53 kuphela. Izingane Egora Gaydara, ngokukhethekile, indodakazi yakhe uMaria libike ukuthi uyise ebulawa isifo senhliziyo. Ngokuqondene odokotela, ethiwa imbangela lamabutho ka thrombus.

inqubomgomo Funeral ebibanjelwe Novodevichy Amathuna. Egora Gaydara unkosikazi futhi amanye amalungu omkhaya wakhe akafunanga ukudalula usuku lwabo, ngakho ukungcwatshwa zenzeka ngaphandle kobukhona bangaphandle.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngokokuqala ngqá egor Gaydar washada ekuseni kakhulu, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-22. Chosen-umfundi Yiqiniso 5th of ubuhlakani kwezomnotho YaseMoscow State University baba Irina Smirnova, ngawo sezombangazwe ababehlangana kulelo oneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10. Njengoba avuma kamuva egor Gaydar, ukuphila kwakhe siqu kule nkathi yokufunda iziqu esikoleni futhi eminyakeni yokuqala ye-Research Institute for System Izifundo nje waba khona. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umshado wokuqala waba nezingane ezimbili, esezele indodakazi yakhe, ukuthi yaqala ukucabanga ngesehlukaniso.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Gaidar wenza umshado wesibili uMaria Strugatsky. Ngakho, izinqubomgomo wahlangana ngobuhlobo edumile waseSoviet umlobi yesayensi Arkadiem Strugatskim, owaba umukhwe wakhe, futhi edumile Sinologist Iley Oshaninym abeza Umkhulu yomkakhe. Eyesibili umndeni Egora Gaydara waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, futhi lo mshado wazala indodana.

Izingane Egora Gaydara

Njengoba sekushiwo, kusukela kunqubomgomo ngomshado wokuqala saba nezingane ezimbili: a nendodakazi. Lapho abazali ahlukanise, intombazane bahlala nonina, ngenkathi umfowabo - Peter - Irina Smirnova bavumelana ukugcina abazali abasemzini, ubani abakhanukelayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, unkosikazi wesibili Egora Gaydara, owayenendodana kusukela ubuhlobo langaphambilini, kwadingeka ukuthi umshado wesibili omunye umfana. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1990, kanti ingane okuthiwa uPaul. He is umzukulu Arkady Strugatsky kanye nezingane zabazukulu Arkadiya Gaydara noPawulu Bazhov.

Ngakho, inqubomgomo zonke izingane ezintathu begazi elilodwa bamukela ingane.

Maria Gaidar

Kuzo zonke izingane kwenqubomgomo ngesikhathi ngabomvu ukuba uqobo edonsela indodakazi ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wokuqala - Maria Gaidar. Ngemva kokwehlukana kwabazali yakhe eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala waphila nge kanina, owayesebenzisa ngokushesha washada. Lapho uMariya wafunda ibanga lokuqala, umkhaya wathuthela Bolivia. Ngaphambi kohambo, wasishintsha igama wentombazane, wabangumkakhe Smirnova. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, Maria, esehamba nonina nobaba wabuyela eMoscow futhi ngaqala ukuya kuyo isikole esikhethekile nge twist Spanish. igama Gaidar sika, uye waphinde waba kuphela kweminyaka eyi 22, ngemva Academy of National Umnotho.

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu zomthetho yakhe, waya ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi embalwa, wasebenza ngoba uthisha, umphathi futhi uchwepheshe ukuhlela, bese indodakazi Egora Gaydara wazama isandla sakhe njengoba umethuli TV O2TV, futhi kusukela ngo-2008 - esiteshini somsakazo "Echo of eMoscow '.

Parallel kule, Maria Egorovna bahileleke nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe futhi ngo-2006 kwaba ilungu KaHulumeni we-Union of Right Amandla. Yena uye walondoloza njalo ukubukwa oppositional waba imibuthano party futhi emasha ihlelwe nezitha iziphathimandla zamanje yezwe ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Mashi 26, 2009 indodakazi Egora Gaydara baba omncane kunathi Iphini umbusi Russian Federation, kodwa ngo-2011 yena omemezele ukuthi uyasula esikhundleni sakhe ngokuqondene nesifiso sokuqhubeka nemfundo yabo e-United States, e-School of Public Administration ke. John. F. Kennedy eHarvard.

Ngemva kokubuyela e-United States, Maria wasebenza kafushane kuhulumeni eMoscow, bese ukubeka phambili Yedolobha YaseMoscow Duma kwamaphini, kodwa ibingabhalisiwe izberkomom engqondweni ukuthola ukwephulwa kule imibhalo. Leli cala ladluliswa enkantolo, kodwa lona okugcinwe yasekela ke.

Ehlobo lika-2015 M. Gaidar waqokwa iPhini likaSihlalo we-Odessa ekuphathweni lesifunda ngesiphakamiso Mikhail Saakashvili, futhi kamuva wenqaba yisakhamuzi Russian.

Imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwesayensi

Yegor Gaidar, ogama biography manje seyaziwa kuwe, akungabazeki, wadlala indima emlandweni wamuva wezwe lakithi. ukuhlolwa kwalo nisinikwe izizukulwane zethu, kodwa awukwazi kunganciphisa uquketheni le nqubomgomo njengoba usosayensi, ngandise imiqondo eyayibonakala waqinisekisa ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Phakathi imisebenzi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngokwesayensi kungase Egora Gaydara waphawula:

• incwadi "State kanye Evolution", anikezelwe ubudlelwano phakathi amandla impahla isimo Russian;
• ukusebenza "anomalies Economic Growth" eyayikhuluma izimbangela ukuwa kwezomnotho sezenhlalo;
• isihloko esithi "Ohambweni izinguquko izikhungo emazweni wezimali" nabanye.

Okwamanje, nesithakazelo esikhethekile iwumsebenzi "Fall of the Empire", abhalwe 2006. Kube Gaidar wabikezela ukuthi kungenzeka crisis ezingavela ngenxa intengo kawoyela iyehla iyenyuka.