Yamagilebhisi Umnenke: zizalela, izimo yeziboshwa. ipulazi umnenke

Umnenke yamagilebhisi zizalela aqalile engu-40 edlule, kusukela into encane wezandla yinto emikhulu ukukhiqiza kwezolimo.

"Green" ipulazi

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi e-Europe, lolu hlobo shellfish eqoqwe imvelo kwendawo yayo. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza ukwehla labantu iminenke zasendle, ngakho ukuhlangana kwabo wawuvinjelwe.

Nge ukwamukelwa of esiqinile izidingo sanitary ikhwalithi ukudla manje ayisekho kubhekwa njengento nanjengomthombo wokudla. Lokhu kungenxa nezidingo yokuvikela ezitshalweni enobuthi noma ayingozi.

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana nokucwaninga nokuhlola e-Italy liye enikeziwe indlela yokuzalanisa iminenke ku "emadlelweni" evulekile, okuyinto kwenzakala isikhathi esincane oqothulayo nokuningi engabizi kuka ezikhulayo nabo endlini noma zokugcina.

izinzuzo Economic ziyafezeka emva kokufakwa kokuqala ipherimitha futhi uthango yangaphakathi. ukubuya lwezezimali kulindeleke ngaphambili kuka izinyanga 12-14.

Running izindleko le ndlela (njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukukhiqizwa abamba noma endlini) ngezansi, kanye nezindleko main iwe kuphela imbewu, ukulungiselela umhlabathi nokutshala izitshalo zemifino.

Umnenke, intengo esinakho amabanga kusuka 3 kuya 3.7 euro ikhilogremu ngalinye, kuba kunenzuzo zizalela into.

Ukukhethwa kwesiza kanye isimo somhlabathi

ipulazi Umnenke okuhlelwe emadlelweni evulekile esekhulile kubo izitshalo ofanele ukuthi ukukhonza ukuze shellfish ukudla nendawo yokukhosela. Ukuhlanganisa for umthunzi alisetshenziswa. Lapho ekhetha indawo ngendlu epulazini umnenke is kunakwe linqoba ovunguzayo isiqondiso, njengoba imimoya enamandla omisiwe emhlabathini.

Uhlaziyo futhi decontamination inhlabathi ukuze siqiniseke izimo afanele ukutshala eluhlaza kanye ekuqedeni izinambuzane inyama kanye izinambuzane. Kunconywe inhlabathi okuxekethile nobuhlobo asidi pH 5,8-7,5. inhlabathi kakhulu esidi ukwenziwa iminenke ezingafanele. Okuqukethwe calcium therein kufanele kube cishe 3-4%. inhlabathi isakhiwo - kusukela ngokulinganisela omnene. inhlabathi Clayey asifanele laying amaqanda, njengoba iminenke Kulukhuni umbe futhi kulula ukuze ujike ku ixhaphozi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izitshalo ne-shellfish igcinwe esemanzi ngenxa amazolo, imvula noma inkungu elawulwa. Umnenke (Photo enikeziwe esihlokweni) ihamba kalula lapho amahlamvu elina emhlabeni. Badla amaningi nokukhulisa ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezifanele.

Imvula kanye neensetjenziswa elawulwa kukhona ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni iminenke.

Okuhle inhlabathi amanzi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi akusho buthelela emhlabathini ezizibeni.

Breeding indawo kufanele kube mahhala kwezihlahla ezinkulu, ngoba ukuheha izinyoni ezizingelayo, izitshalo umthunzi futhi kuvimbele kumiswa namazolo.

Lapho ukuthenga iminenke ngokuzalanisa? Abalimi abathenga shellfish pickers iminenke noma emakethe kufanele balindele ngokwempilo yangenyama zabo eziphakemeyo ngenxa lithathelwe abampofu nezinye ukudla. Liwumthombo onokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuzalanisa ezibonakalayo abakhiqizi noma izikhungo yezolimo eyaziwa. Lokhu umnenke (wentengo kuyoba ngaphezulu) kangcono futhi ephephile ngoba kusukela ekuzalweni wathola ukudla okufanele kanye musa ilimaze ukuqoqwa kanye storage.

usayizi ngesakhiwo

Amapulazi ezikhulayo iminenke ayahluka ngobukhulu, kuye ngokuthi umuntu abahileleka kubo. Abalandeli, okuyinto shellfish kwanda nengcosana, usebenzisa indawo kusuka 10 kuya 20 esingamahektare. Abalimi obani abaphuza ngokweqile esikhundleni neminye imisebenzi, kuthatha isilinganiso 30 esingamahektare ku ehektheleni 1. abalimi bezomnotho elikhulu ngokuvamile ziqala nge 2 hectares futhi 30 amahektha angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukukhula kwebhizinisi. acreage engeziwe ngaphandle kwalawo agodliwe ngoba iminenke, baqashwe izitshalo yesibili ezifana sunflower.

indawo ukulungiselela

Itulo nahlanza kusukela utshani ukhula ngokusebenzisa ukhula contact. Umhlabathi ngokwawo ke Kutshalwa umlimi rotary, is esakhiwe phezu kocingo ipherimitha. Umhlabathi ngokwawo owethulwa Umanyolo, amakhemikhali disinfestation is ezithwalwa yizinambuzane nezilwane. Khona-ke izwe kuhlukaniswe ukwenziwa onyakeni wokuqala, futhi efakwe amakholomu lokhuni asekelayo ebiyelwe yangaphakathi.

Inhlabathi lelungiselelwe futhi kulandele ziba ngcono Rotor, futhi uma kudingeka, ngokungeza lime kanye neensetjenziswa setha. Zokuhlwanyela Kwenziwa emva kobuso kuqondiswa futhi iyokwakhiwa ngaphakathi ocingweni. Ekugcineni, ukwenza lula ithrekhi yesondlo futhi ayisingatha ngayo ukhula contact.

okuphakelayo

Yini ukondla iminenke? Njengoba lezi mollusk kukhona inyama, bajabulela ezihlukahlukene imifino kanye nokusanhlamvu. Nokho, ukusuthisa izinhlelo "ukukhiqizwa emadlelweni", ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izitshalo kuphela namahlamvu esinamanzi oluhlaza, aqukethe nosawoti wamaminerali, nitrate, sulfate kanye carbonates anomthelela ukucwila.

I umkhiqizo othe iminenke, izitshalo zinemisebenzi emibili. Ziyakwazi ukudla sivikelwe elangeni, imvula nesichotho. izitshalo ezinjalo isibonelo, burdock, ukhova, Sorrel, chervil nobhekilanga. E-Italy, ukubeka beet, iklabishi ensimini, Chicory, artichokes, radishes kanye sunflower.

Hlwanyela ngesandla ukuqinisekisa enamathela Friend kwenhlabathi uhlobo ukutshala incike isizini (ihlobo nobusika izitshalo). Ukuhlwanyela isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu - izimila kumele kwanele ukuba isifundazwe njalo unokuthile ukondla iminenke. Ukuze nokukhiqiza izitshalo esiphezulu nezimbaza ezibalulekile Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo izindawo.

Ngemva ukubukeka simila kukhonjisiwe kulesibonelo cochlea (isithombe kuboniswe esihlokweni) ngoba lezi zibungu futhi ibekwe phezu kocingo ngesilinganiso 25 noma 20 Helix Aspera Helix pomatia ngamunye imitha square.

ukutshala ehlobo nasebusika izitshalo ingahluka kanye uhlobo yabo.

Uthango yangaphandle

Azungezwe elingaphandle isihlangu amashidi yensimbi lashukumisa. Basuke wangcwatshwa endaweni ka 30-40 cm ukujula futhi baqinise Ukusekela okuthunyelwe ngokhuni noma insimbi. Injongo eyinhloko yawo azungezwe - ukuvimbela Ukungena ezizingelayo, ikakhulukazi labo bayakwazi umbe. Phakathi azungezwe kanye uthango kwangaphakathi kufanele ukuthi asuswe zone. Uma kuphunyuka umuntu walaba iminenke unqobe izithiyo yangaphakathi, ithrekhi nothango yangaphandle ukuyivimbela sidlule.

Ukungeza anezikhala ucingo ngocingo gesi phezu ishidi lashukumisa uhlinzeka ngokuphepha kangcono ukukhiqiza shellfish.

ngaphakathi ocingweni

ezicijile Yangaphakathi zisetshenziselwa zizalela ahlukene nezindawo ziklabile. Ezicijile ezenziwe eliqinile le black polyethylene brand "Heliteks". Kuye ezimbili downwardly ebhekene umphini ezingeni ukuphakama 40 cm begodu 70 cm kusukela emhlabathini ukuvimbela ukusabalala iminenke. izingongolo zokhuni ukusekela polyethylene isethwe at ibanga 3-4 amamitha. Basuke wangcwatshwa emhlabathini okungenani ngokwezinga 10 cm ukujula. Izoni ngokuvamile has a ubude 20-45 m futhi 2-4 m ububanzi.

Lapho izinsana iminenke dweba emkhakheni zokuzala, kocingo zingasuswa.

izintwala

Nezilwane nezinambuzane kungabangela izinkinga ukukhiqizwa iminenke, okuningi.

Ziyakwazi mabhungane ezidla, ezifana carabidi, calosomidi, lampiridi ikakhulukazi stafilinids, okuyinto ahlasele futhi abulale amawundlu. I mabhungane emhlabathini futhi uthanda indawo olumanzi kanye iminenke. Stafilinids pose usongo olukhulu. Phakathi ukulungiselela isabelo ukuqeda lezi izinambuzane ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa chemical disinfestation.

Liyakhala futhi magpies - izinyoni ekudleni nazo ezifakwe umnenke. Igobolondo sinqamukile uqhwaku futhi kudliwa okuqukethwe. Blackbirds beat izimbaza emadwaleni, kuze ezikhishwe kusuka kumasistimu asebenzayo.

Ukuze izibankwa, izinyoka kanye Toads, iminenke Uyi uju, ikakhulukazi abasebasha, ngakho kocingo yangaphandle kufanele lalihlehliswa emhlabathini ukuze bavimbele lezi zimo eziyingozi. Amagundane futhi udle iminenke, ikakhulukazi ebusika, lapho inani imithombo ukudla kulinganiselwe. Onogwaja, onogwaja kanye amavukuzi futhi kumelele inkinga ngoba zidla izitshalo futhi kulimaze iminenke, ngizinyathela.

yamagilebhisi Umnenke: zizalela

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo zizalela iminenke zikhethwa ukudlala, futhi abekwa endaweni entsha. Zikhethwe ngobukhulu futhi ikhwalithi idluliselwe ozinikele zokugaya wemboni nge izitshalo esezikhulile.

Ngonyaka wokuqala in ingubo ibekwe akukho ngaphezu kuka-25 Helix aspersa ngamunye imitha square. Ukuminyana kuzokwenza ukubhasha komzimba, isisindo ongaphakeme nokufa ngenxa isikhwehlela emhlabathini.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbalwa iminenke akhethiwe ngeso lokhozi, njengoba zizama ukubaleka futhi bangase bahlupheke ngenxa yezingcindezi imvelo.

Izitshalo etshalwa endaweni yokuzalana, akumele ibe ngaphezulu kuka-50 cm. Bamnquma mowers, ekhuthaza ukukhula amahlamvu ezintsha kanye ngcono air kwegazi. Ngonyaka wesibili kwabantu Sehlile 15 iminenke ngamunye imitha square, njengoba izinga lokufa uwela. Shellfish ezifuywa endaweni yakini, ngakho zingcono acclimated imvelo futhi bengaxakekile.

Umnenke: ukunakekelwa, okuqukethwe

Emva kokuzalwa iminenke abasha avunyelwe sikhule naye kungathi izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba ezibekwe kule indawo yokudla nge isitshalo esisakhula. Kubalulekile ukuthi isiko wakhula Friend futhi wanika sivikelwe elangeni ehlobo. Izitshalo akufanele anyuke ngaphezulu kuka-25 cm, futhi usike ukugqugquzela ukukhula amahlamvu ezintsha kanye air kwegazi. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, i-ukukhathala lihlala ezidingekayo ukuze anezele izitshalo amandla cut nokudla okomile.

kulala kwasebusika

Ngo-December nango-January umnenke umsebenzi liyaphela futhi lapho bebekwa uphawu e echibini for basebusika. Ngo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezibandayo iwe shellfish camera nge ifilimu ezondile material okuyinto uwuvikela ukuchayeka. Ngenxa lokhu kwandisa lokushisa inhlabathi 5-10 degrees. Ekupheleni kwekwindla kocingo isuswe, izitshalo ezisele eshayisa futhi zalungiselela entsha namasiko ngonyaka.

nezindaba yokukhiqiza

Izizathu ukwehluleka ngokuvamile:

• ukuphathwa Kubi.
• izinkinga ukukhiqizwa kabusha ngokuqondene biology eziyinkimbinkimbi iminenke.
• uxhaso Imphumelelo.
• ukulungiselela umhlabathi Kubi.
• ukukhetha engalungile of izitshalo.
• Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana ngokushintshana.
• Ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele.
• Ukuba khona ezidla kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi anele izitshalo ne-shellfish.

Ukuqoqwa kanye nokulungiselela ukudayiswa

ImiNenke eqoqwe sifikile ukuvuthwa banayo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma emaphethelweni ematheni kuba eqinile - clams sesivuthiwe futhi ngaphezulu ngeke sikhule. ImiNenke eqoqwe masonto onke noma lapho elula umlimi, njengoba umthetho, ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo, nezinsuku ezingu-7 adluliselwe ku amaseli ukuze uhlelo lwabo wokugaya ukudla ukuqeda inhlabathi nemfucumfucu. Shellfish ezibekwe endaweni epholile ngaphandle kokudla namanzi ku amaseli, wenza anezikhala noma ngocingo. Phakathi uhlanzekile iminenke ulahlekelwe 20% isisindo sayo futhi kufihlwe echibini, kodwa angahlala kulesi sifundazwe izinyanga ezimbili uma igcinwe endaweni epholile ezingeni lokushisa mayelana 4-6 ° C.

Kuyobe sekufika esikhathini sokuthengisa. ImiNenke phama izikhwama net (like anyanisi), zigcotshwe ngenomfi noma uma eziningi nabo amabhokisi sokhuni.

Clams zidayisa izitolo zokuthenga ukudla nezindawo zokudlela ithengwe. E-Italy, isibonelo, imikhosi ukudla aphethwe njalo, futhi ukusetshenziswa iminenke ngokuvamile kuba litshwayo yabo. 60% iminenke bukhoma isatshalaliswa izinhlanzi izitolo.

isifinyezo

izindlela Ucwaningo yokuzalanisa iminenke, lwenziwa engu-40 edlule, bavunyelwe ukuzithethelela futhi isakhiwo kangcono zonke izindlela. Isidingo Lokuhlatiywa yokudoba kwenzeka ukwanda ukusetshenziswa lolu hlobo shellfish emhlabeni wonke. The best inhlangano uhlelo wezolimo kuholele indlela eyanele iminenke ezikhulayo - "kokuqaliswa ekuqhutshweni".

Umnenke yamagilebhisi zizalela wenziwa endaweni evulekile, unikeza omningi inyama eliphezulu, ke likhudlwana futhi tastier kuka-shellfish kwanda amakamelo noma zokugcina.

Impumelelo incike ikhono umlimi ezingaba ukusebenzisa le ndlela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izimo zezulu bese kwemvelo wendawo. Ucwaningo olwenziwa e-Italy, wabonisa ukuthi inani lezimpahla iminenke, onikeza umuntu ngamunye akhethiwe zokugaya, isilinganiso siyizinsuku 20. Shellfish okudingekayo kusuka 10 kuya 12 izinyanga ukufeza usayizi oyifunayo. ekukhiqizweni iminenke kubonakala kunokwenzeka, kuze azikho izinkinga ezingathí sina phakathi fattening noma kukhona isikhala esanele.

Umnenke zizalela yamagilebhisi edinga khona indawo efanelekayo, yokutshala izimila ezithile, Ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo kanye okuhlushwa ongaphakeme shellfish umvuzo inzalo eningi ukukhula ngesivinini. Ngokuhlanganyela ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okwanele nesivikelo kusukela depredation cochlea kuphela ukuzuza kokuqeda umjikelezo wokuphila umnyuziki vivo, okuyinto kufanele kuholele izinga zabo eziphakemeyo.