Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Kolchak Irkutsk (isithombe)

Ngo-2004, e-Russia e-Irkutsk wamiswa isikhumbuzo Kolchak. Lona omunye izibalo inkani kakhulu futhi impikiswano emlandweni Russian kusukela kulwiwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, undunankulu ezidumile wamazwe olujulileyo ocean, ngakolunye - omunye wabaholi iWhite ukunyakaza, namanje ngokusemthethweni kubhekwe isigebengu impi. Izingxabano mayelana yiqiniso kwalesi ukufakwa izikhumbuzo namanje kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje.

Irkutsk sandulela

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Kolchak uvele Irkutsk ku 130 lokuzalwa th of Russian umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle. Njengoba ayezalelwe Petersburg, uhambo wokuphila , Admiral Kolchak iziqu e-Irkutsk.

Ngo-1920, Kolchak, kanye noSihlalo Uhulumeni Council Russian Wongqongqoshe Viktor Pepelyaev wadutshulwa. Isigwebo wathwalwa ngaphandle kwenkantolo. isimemezelo Lethal kwasayinelwa Irkutsk Military Revolutionary iKomidi amaBolshevik. Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, e-Irkutsk amaBolshevik kwenziwe umyalelo oqondile ka Lenin.

Isikhumbuzo komunye abaholi ukunyakaza White ezazenziwe ngethusi okhandiweyo, ukuphakama Kolchak esifanekisweni 4.5 amamitha. Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba kuyinto isinyathelo ukhonkolo. On ke isithombe kwamasosha amabili ngubani sawela izingalo zabo. Omunye wabo kwaba iWhite Guard, elinye - Red Army.

Namuhla lomuzi isikhumbuzo Kolchak osikweleta lokhu nokunakwa sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia.

indawo lesikhumbuzo

Izingxabano ukuthi ukufaka lesikhumbuzo, zazizinde kakhulu. Zaba maphakathi Irkutsk. Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Kolchak (ikheli indawo yayo: kwase-Angarsk emgwaqweni, Right Bank wesifunda) imiswe kakhulu endaweni lapho, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, ulwazi, kanye sigameko aphethwe. Ushakovka umfula ugeleza khona eduzane. Kwakungenxa amanzi awo, futhi umzimba waphonswa undunankulu emhlophe.

Budebuduze lesikhumbuzo kumi Ngena Church. Ngaphambili, kwaba khona izindelakazi, omunye omdala lonke yeSiberia.

Ngosuku wokuvulwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo ebusweni emfuleni avunyelwe Wreath lomngcwabo inkumbulo umlawuli wamabutho asolwandle.

umqophi Fangs

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Kolchak - umsebenzi we umqophi Russian Vyacheslav Klykova. Njengoba ayezalelwe eKursk esifundeni, eyilungu we-Union of Abaculi kusukela 1969. Yena embukisweni nomsebenzi wakhe Russian Museum kanye nayo State Tretyakov Igalari.

Imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo - esiveza ka Mercury eduze kweWorld Trade Center e Moscow, esungulwe ngo-1982, futhi ukubhaliswa dolobha Wezingane Musical Theatre.

Phakathi yokwakha kabusha waba nesithakazelo isihloko Orthodox futhi zisho amazwi abonisa ukushisekela izwe. He qamba isikhumbuzo edumile St uSergiyu ka Radonezh. Etsheni lesikhumbuzo kwaba isiphetho nzima. Yifake wazama ngo-1987, kodwa ke baboshwa lesikhumbuzo futhi kuthathwe ngaphansi amaphoyisa wokugada edolobhaneni edolobheni, engaphansi ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra, ezindaweni lapho ayehlala khona, St uSergiyu.

Ukuvulwa ukuhlela kuphela ngemva konyaka, ngo-May 29, 1988. Kolchak lesikhumbuzo kwaba omunye wemisebenzi lokugcina Vyacheslav Klykova. Washona ngineminyaka engu-66 ngo-2006.

Kolchak phambi kulwiwa

Yiziphi emaphuzwini abasekeli kanye nezitha eyokwenza ukuba isikhumbuzo Admiral Kolchak Irkutsk kwaba? Zonke izimpikiswano zisekelwe yomlando wakhe.

Aleksandr vasilevich Kolchak wazalwa Petersburg, 4 Novemba 1874, ngesikhathi kubusa u-Alexander II. imfundo yenkolo Deep esikuthola kanina, owayesebenzisa ngokuvamile wabasingatha abantwana esontweni. Rod zazivela lezinceku izikhulu serviceman.

Watadisha esikoleni classical, futhi ngineminyaka engu-14 engena Marine Corps. Kulapha njengoba wakhumbula abantu bangesikhathi sakhe, uthando lwakhe lokuhlola isithakazelo yokufunda kanye umuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo.

Ngo-1890, uqale waya olwandle frigate armored "Prince Pozharsky." Eminyakeni engu-18, wakhushulelwa usayitsheni. I esishintsha ukuphila kwakhe kwaba ngonyaka 1894. Okokuqala, ngemuva kokugula isikhathi eside, wafa unina Alexander Vasilyevich. Okwesibili, e-Russia kuziwa amandla, uNicholas II. Umbusi lokugcina Russia. Kwakuwusuku Ngokuwa Romanov lwamakhosi, kunquma isiphetho obengeziwe Kolchak.

usosayensi Kolchak

Abasekeli lesikhumbuzo ukuze Admiral Kolchak ukuba ubekhuluma kubo ngoJohane impumelelo yakhe e wesayensi. Ngo-1897, waqala nocwaningo amatilosi a impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngomkhumbi, okuyinto uya echwebeni-Korean ka Gensan. Kube Kolchak baqhuba izifundo kwamanzi.

Ekuqaleni le XX leminyaka Kolchak - omunye wabasunguli be-Russian uhambo polar. Yena ngokuqondile eNorway ukuzoxoxisana Nansen. Julayi 18, 1900 abahambi samuka.

Bakwazi ukuthola eGulf of Gafner. Lapha bashiya Warehouse ka hlinzeka komnyaka ukuhambisa ezijulile nhlonhlo. Ngemva kokuphindela base Kolchak zethula umbiko eningiliziwe, sibonga imibono yakhe yezinkanyezi engenza izibuyekezo abalulekile kumephu, ogxile imiphumela ngohambo lwakhe kwaba Nansen.

Ngo bezofuna entwasahlobo ka 1901 saya kakade isihlibhi. Olwenziwe ucwaningo oceanographic, ulinganise ukujula, wafunda isimo floes ice, Kolchak uye isikhathi esiningi le kugcinwa uzibuthe eliwumhlaba.

Umholi Expedition Baron Toll walidumisa umnikelo siqu Kolchak, usebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi "isikhulu engcono bomkhankaso." Ukuze isinyathelo sakhe yegama Kolchak, kodwa inhliziyo yayibukhuni immortalized - siqhingi okuthiwa futhi cape ku Taimyr Gulf.

Russian uhambo polar kwaphela ngo-1903. Kolchak nethimba wabuyela Petersburg.

Russian-Japanese impi

Izindaba ekuqaleni Russian-Japanese War ngo-1904 wathola Kolchak in Yakutsk. Izazi-mlando eziningi zokwazisa indima yayo ingxabano, ngakho ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele kube isikhumbuzo Kolchak e-Irkutsk. Izithombe lokhu lesikhumbuzo ziyadingeka ukuhlobisa tomes mayelana nomuzi.

ngokushesha Kolchak ucele ukudluliselwa uMnyango Navy, hhayi kwesokunxele elibala imisebenzi yesayensi. Ngo ePort Arthur, wafika ngo-March 18 ngesikhathi owayelwa eyodwa nengxenye.

Ngokushesha, u-Alexander wenza nokudlulisela ku-minelayer "Cupid." Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva waba induna umchithi "Angry". Isiphathiswa abasha wayemagange ukulwa, kodwa "ezinhle" libhekisela lamabutho ka abachithi yesibili futhi eyayihilelekile kokukhipha imikhumbi e ukuvikelwa itheku emnyango. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Kolchak ngokugcwele inikezwe umsebenzi ojwayelekile, okuyinto walithanda, futhi esiye saletha izinzuzo eziningi imbangela ezivamile ekumeleleni ePort Arthur.

Ngo impi ibambene ngezihluthu

Eyokuqala umsebenzi ezinkulu Kolchak waya May 1. Minelayer "Cupid" ngalesi sikhathi nedazini kwamaminithi ambalwa ababesesikebheni bafika Igolide Intaba, okuyinto etholakala eduze imikhumbi Japanese. Futhi ihlelwe endaweni egqitshwe amabhomu Amagobolondo amahlanu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, "uthukuthele ', iphansi kwesandla sika-Kolchak, kanye nelinye ngumbhubhisi saqhubeka, eqothula indlela. Ngenxa yalokho, ezimayini kahle esilinganayo iqhume yempi ngesikhathi esisodwa ezimbili Japanese - "Jasim" futhi "Hatsuse". Le mpumelelo isibe omunye notorious kakhulu umkhankaso wabo Pacific empini.

Naphezu komsebenzi isimiso, kwakukhona indawo ubuqhawe Kolchak. Nsuku zonke wangena ekuphangeni zokudubula isitha nokubeka boom. Ngobusuku buka-Agasti 24, u-Alexander wakhetha indawo ukusetha ngomzuzu, kodwa wavinjelwa ukuba imikhumbi Japanese. Phikelela, Kolchak kuyinto emuva lapho ngesikebhe ngosuku olulandelayo futhi namanje wabeka 16 imiz. Babé yingozi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Takasago", owacwila, wagibela nabo ku-30 Okthoba. Le mpumelelo yaziwa njengenye yesibili ebaluleke kunazo zonke empini Russian-Japanese.

Kuyinto le ntuthuko futhi utshelwa abaningi abasekela ukuthi ukusungula lesikhumbuzo ukuze Kolchak Irkutsk (isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi).

Nokho, ngesikhathi Kolchak kwase kuyisikhathi ngahamba emkhunjini, wacela izwe ibutho. Phela, ezweni uvula izenzakalo main, ibuye wafuna phakathi.

Waqala ngebhethri kwezibhamu lokuyala izikhundla zonke eziNtabeni zaseRocky esifundeni. Kuze yokubuyiswa ePort Arthur Kolchak kwaholela ezingontuluntulu ne-Japanese, ukuze kuxoshwe ekuhlaseleni njengesosha elihamba phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngazama nokumisa lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho, lokuziveza kwakhe njengoba ososayensi. okuqoshiwe wakhe baye basiza kuvame ulwazi umdubuli kambayimbayi kanye unqambothi owaleli.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba ama yokubuyiswa ePort Arthur Kolchak abalimele, lapho esebenzisa isihluku rheumatism yakhe. Ngo-December, lapho usesibhedlela, futhi ngo-Ephreli, yena waxoshelwa Nagasaki. Abalimele izikhulu Russian bavunyelwa ukuphinde ngibuyele eRussia. Kolchak efika Petersburg ngo-June 1905.

uvuselela imikhumbi

Ngemva kokuphela Russian-Japanese War Kolchak kwehle kahle nge ukunqotshwa Navy Russian. Olwenziwe umsebenzi olunzulu ku izimbungulu. Ngenxa yalokho, waba omunye izibalo khiye wakhe Ekudalweni kabusha, sesimanje ezobuchwepheshe zenhlangano.

Wayehola club oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, kabani isinyathelo ngo-1906 uvele ngokuthi i-Naval Jikelele Abasebenzi. umsebenzi wayo, ikakhulukazi, kufakwe ukulungiswa izinhlelo impi.

Ngenxa Kolchak eRussia sahoxiswa yokubala abantu zasolwandle - inqubo kakhulu nzima izikhulu abasha ukukhuthazwa.

U-Alexander waba i ikhomishana uchwepheshe ukuze ngivikele Duma State. Ngo-1907, inkulumo ethi "Yini imikhumbi Russia kwakudingeka" ngako okusekelwe ocwaningweni lakhe, kuhlanganise phakathi nempi Russian-Japanese. Ekugcineni, lo msebenzi uye waba siyinhloko Russian shipbuilding umkhakha kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-1908 wakhushulelwa induna besigaba sesibili.

Yingakho abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Kolchak lesikhumbuzo, okuyinto lihlotshiswe incwajana isithombe Irkutsk unalo ilungelo lokuthatha khona.

The First World

Kolchak wazibonakalisa ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Wayengumuntu ilungu yindlunkulu Baltic Fleet, ukuthuthukisa amaplani izimayini futhi njalo wafuna ukuba nengxenye ekulweni.

Ngo-1915, waba yinduna Baltic Fleet division okwami, uye wazakhela operation kokwehla langemuva German. Ngo impi, it is ngokugcwele wembula wokumba futhi umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle. Ngo-1916 wakhushulelwa Umkhuzi labaqaphi elingemuva. Ngo-1917 fuza phatha of Black Sea Fleet. Ngaleso sikhathi eneminyaka engu-41.

Izazi-mlando zilinganisela ukuthi Black Sea Fleet ngesikhathi Kolchak Command uye baphumelele eside. Labhujiswa abaningi ukulwa amayunithi esitha, ihlulekile ukuvimbela kuhlasela ogwini Russian.

Phakathi Revolution

Isimo saba sibi kakhulu kakhulu ngo-1917. I Navy ngaqina emzimbeni anti-impi inhliziyo, Kolchak wangena ukungqubuzana okukhululekile Yesikhashana kaHulumeni. Weza kophenyo ishukunyiswa yizizathu zezombangazwe kanye waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye iposi ka umkhuzi abakhulu.

Emhlanganweni we Yesikhashana Uhulumeni e Petrograd, Kolchak osolwa kobuholi ngamabomu nciphisa balelo butho nezinye lasolwandle. Futhi kakade ngaleso sikhathi kwakubhekwa njengoba omunye abafundela bomashiqela. Inhloso amaBolshevik ukuphetha ukuthula nge amaJalimane wathola lapho Japan. Ngemva kwalezi zindaba waphendukela UK ukulithatha emnyangweni wezempi.

Leli jika uphonse emehlweni kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka ukuthi igunya wathola Kolchak Aleksandr vasilevich kakhulu. Isikhumbuzo esakhiwe kuye, ngakho namanje futhi amenable ukuhlasela izitha.

impi yombango

Ngemva kokujoyina i-White Zinikele Army, Kolchak wakhethwa umbusi ophakeme Russia. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesevile eminyakeni engu ungumuntu odume kunabo eSiberia. It wabelwa ithemba lomcoka ngxabano amaBolshevik.

Entwasahlobo ka-1919, wadala ibutho oqinile abantu mayelana 400,000. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ngosizo-United States kanye ne-Entente, kanye bayawuqhwaga zigcine igolide yeRussia. Ekuqaleni zonke izinto zahamba kahle, ngo-April kwaba matasa Ural. Kodwa-ke sekulandela uchungechunge ukunqotshwa.

Ngo-November, ecindezelwa iRed Army, Admiral waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye Omsk. Ngo-January 1920 waba sesimweni Irkutsk ezandleni amaBolshevik. Izikhumbuzo Kolchak eRussia Awusethanga. Itshe lesikhumbuzo e-Irkutsk kuphela. ngo-2014 kuphela kwabikwa izinhlelo ukuvuselela kukhunjulwa u-Admiral e Sevastopol. Kodwa kwathiwa okuqalwe Russian monarchist yangaphandle akunamandla zezombusazwe yangempela.