Yakub Kolas: Biography, lokusungula

Yakub Kolas, ogama biography ligcwele izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, baphila ngempela nzima kakhulu, kodwa Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kuphila othakazelisayo. Lokhu umbhali bafumana umuntu kwaba yisimanga ngempela ukungenisa, hhayi kuphela ekhaya, eBelarus, kodwa futhi baziwa kakhulu phesheya.
Kolas Yakub Mihaylovich ubhekwa umsunguli isiko elisha futhi yesimanje Belarusian. Kodwa i imibono evulekile ubuzwe ngesikhathi sakhe, le ndoda kwakudingeka ikhokhele obuhlungu ngokwanele. Lo muntu cishe iminyaka emithathu, wayedonsa isigwebo ejele njengoba isiboshwa sezombusazwe.

indoda Yakub Kolas -biografiya emangalisayo

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi igama langempela lomuntu umbhali Belarusian -Konstantin Mickiewicz. izincwadi zabo kanye ukusebenza umuntu kokusayina elakho, yingakho izincwadi emhlabeni waziwa ngaphansi kwegama Kusolwa -Yakub Colas. Biography imbongi waqala edolobhaneni elincane Belarusian ngokuthi Akinchitsy. Wazalwa ngo-03.11.1882, i umndeni wehlathi abavamile.

Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba abazali babengase ucabange ukuthi ongavamile umfanyana eyayifuna ukuba afunde ukufunda nokubhala kanye ebuntwaneni ayekuthanda ukufunda, sikhule Yakub Kolas ezaziwayo. Umlando wakhe uye kakhulu iye kunqunywa yokuthi uyise, ngokuba wehlathi elula, wazikhandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indodana yakhe yathola imfundo efanele. Libuye libe kwamthinta kakhulu uJakobe kwadingeka umalume wakhe -Anton. Lokho wakwazi ukugxilisa umfana uthando olukhulu izincwadi.

Biography: Yakub Kolas -Getting imfundo nokubonakaliswa lokuqala ithalente

Ngo-1883, imbongi esizayo wathutha nomkhaya wakhe Lastok, lapho kwakufanele emakilasini uthisha "abajikelezayo" okuthiwa Ales Fursevich. Jakub Landelayo nezifundo zakhe e-Nikolaevschinskoy esikoleni sabaqalayo. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuthi waba nesithakazelo imisebenzi Gogol, Krylov, Pushkin, Nekrasov, UTolstoy futhi Lermontov. Phakathi izimbongi yasekhaya umbono elikhulu kakhulu umfana wenza izinkondlo zakhe Janka Lucina. Ngo 1892, Yakub Kolas, isithombe okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, wabhalisa esikoleni yomphakathi Nikolaev, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-2 ngempela iziqu ngempumelelo.

umkhiqizo yakhe yokuqala ngqá Colas wabhala eneminyaka engu-engu-12. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Spring", futhi isilaleli yokuqala yaleli vesi wazala imbongi -Mikhail Kazimirovich. Kwayanelisa ngakho evesini indodana, owawuqondene lo msebenzi Maltsev iphrezethe ruble, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isamba eside lapho.

Qala lokusungula Kolas

Ngo 1898, le nsizwa wangena Nesvizh kathisha sabefundisi, lapho ngentshiseko basungula yomlando wakhe etemibhalo. Yakub Kolas ngomdlandla ngobuqotho ukufunda imisebenzi Mickiewicz, Shevchenko, Gogol, Koltsov, Franco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unesithakazelo kakhulu kule temdzabu Belarusian, wafundiswa ethnography futhi iqoshwe ngomlomo Belarusians.

Ngo parallel, yena uzama ukubhala ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko. Ngokuyinhloko, izinkondlo zakhe futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba babe uhlobo ukuphila okulula abalimi yasemakhaya, okuyinto akakaze lula.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbhali abasha is kakhulu ukuthonywa omunye wothisha bakhe - Kudrinsky. Uyena owanikeza igunya lokubulawa umsebenzi wakhe, benze kunakwe yokuthi ukubaluleka ngokukhethekile kukhona imibhalo ebhaliwe e-Belarusian. udumo okunjalo kusukela ngumuntfu lohloniphekile kuphela baqinisekisa isifiso sokuqhubeka Yakub umsebenzi wokubhala.

Qala yobushoshovu

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole esiphakeme, insizwa ephothule uthisha Polesie. Uyaqhubeka ukuqoqa Izinganekwane Belarusian, wabhala ngemisebenzi yabo yokushisekela izwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo okokuqala bajwayelane izincwadi izinguquko.

Yakub Kolas iqala uqhuba izinkulumo asebenzayo nge abalimi, okuyinto uzama adlulisele kubo isidingo balwele amalungelo abo. Njengoba indoda ethile efundile, uyasisiza ukuba aziqeqeshe kahle sicelo abanikazi bomhlaba bendawo. Zibonisa isidingo sokuba kunakekelwe ngokwezinto ukusetshenziswa umphakathi emadlelweni nasemachibini amaningi. Leyo misebenzi ayikwazanga angayiqapheli iziphathimandla, futhi njengoba jeziso lo msebenzi, Mitskevitsa ngokushesha adluliselwe ukufundisa esikoleni yomphakathi Verhmenskoe.

Kodwa ngisho nalapho, umbhali akagcini nokumela yabo. Ngo-1906, eneminyaka engu-okukwazi ukuhlela nokuba kwakhe umhlanganyeli weNhlangano Yothisha 'Congress (emthethweni), okuyinto wawumatasa saxoxa ngesidingo sokuba kokugumbuqelwa kombuso tsarist. Yiqiniso, lwaphuka le ngqungquthela ngamaphoyisa, futhi Mickiewicz wayephenywa ngemibuzo.

izincwadi Okokuqala nokuboshwa

Uma abangekho emkhakheni wokufundisa, umbhali amukela umnikelo eyaziwa isikhulumi A. vlasov futhi iqala ukusebenza edition iphephandaba "isabelo sethu." 1 Septhemba 1906 endlini ukushicilela okokuqala, ngaphansi mbumbulu Yakub Kolas, Mickiewicz eshicilelwe vesi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, siyaqhubeka uphenyo inhlangano iCongress othisha ', futhi lapho liqedwa umlobi wagwetshwa iminyaka emithathu ejele. Ukukhonza umusho ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, uyaqhubeka ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi esejele, wazama ajezise sobala Konstantin Mitskevitsa, kuba wakuqinisekisa futhi lwaqina imbongi-Patriot Kolas Yakub. , Tincwadzi ukuthi abhalwa kubo ngesikhathi ngiboshiwe, ekugcineni waba lokuhweba wakhe. Kusejele, imbongi ozalwa umbono yokubhala imisebenzi enjalo adumile njengoba:

• "Izingoma isikhalazo."
• "Bona Izwe Elisha".
• "Symon-umculi".

Le misebenzi bayakwazi ukudlulisela at intando, egqoké kumagazini ka "Nasha Niva". Nalapho futhi, alalelwa baxgeki Russian owaphawula khona imisebenzi Kolas izwe, ubuzwe Belarusian kanye nokuthambekela sobala ukuba nobuntu. Gorky ngokwakhe wanika ukulinganisela okuhle lokhu ukusebenza eqinile.

Ukukhululwa eside elindelwe kaJakobe

Lapho esededelwe, ingakapheli iminyaka emibili, umbhali ezifundiswa Pinsk. Ngalesi sikhathi, wahlangana nomkakhe esizayo - Mariey Kamenskoy, futhi ngo-1913 bashada. Kulesi umshado lo mbhangqwana wahlala ndawonye ngoba cishe engu-30 edlule. Le nkathi ube yimpumelelo emphilweni Mickiewicz, wabhala eziningi futhi wakwazi ukuqala uqobo njengoba esiqine umbhali Belarusian.

Ukuhlanganyela empini

Ngemva nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe I imbongi wabuthelwa eMbuthweni bebutho Czar sika. Wathola elisezingeni Iphoyisa futhi ekhonza inkonzo yakhe Perm. Okulandelayo wathunyelwa ngaphambili Romanian futhi demobilized ngo-1917 ngenxa yempilo. Ngoba wayenokholo evumayo uthisha imfundo, wayevunyelwa ukuba baqhubeke nenkonzo yakhe endaweni ukuhlala edolobheni charm uthisha ukuze asebenze khona. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wanyathelisa iqoqo yakhe izinkondlo, okuyinto ngokucacile anti-impi izingcingo.

ukuqashelwa Esemthethweni imbongi

Ngemva kwempi, Yakub Kolas wathola udumo ububanzi futhi ukuqashelwa. Ngo-1921 wabuyela Minsk, lapho ngentshiseko ubhala, ishicilelwe. Washeshe wahileleka imisebenzi yesayensi futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi uthisha. Ngo-1926 yena waklonyeliswa isihloko zokuhlonipha "imbongi Yabantu waseBelarus." Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wakhethwa njengoba iphini likamengameli we-Academy of Sciences of BSSR. Ukuze iqoqo yakhe izinkondlo, Mickiewicz kabili ukhishwa eU.SSR State Prize. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, njengoba isisebenzi asebenzayo, wakhethwa njengoba iphini boPhezukonke abaseSoviet we isi-Byelorussian SSR futhi i-USSR. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali waba ilungu zokuhlonipha we Academy, lwamukelwa ngokomthetho uMkhandlu-isisebenzi ahlonishwe yesayensi. Jakub phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe waklonyeliswa izindondo eziningi futhi imihlobiso.

ukufa wombhali

Ngaphansi kokubusa kweSoviet, abalobi abaningi imibono yobuzwe iwe beqashwe unake zemizimba zokucindezela. Mina yayiphumula futhi Yakub Kolas. Imiklomelo etholwe ke kusukela iziphathimandla zaseSoviet abakwazanga ugcine umbhali owenziwa njalo izinsolo, ngokubuza imibuzo nokuseshwa. Lokhu libukelwa phansi kakhulu ithonya isimo sengqondo sezisebenzi zakhe nempilo. Imbongi washona ngo 1956 wangcwatshwa ezweni lakubo, emzini Minsk.