U-Aleksey Kruchenyh: Biography, inkondlo

I ukufa kabuhlungu imbongi Alexei Kruchenykh waphila isikhathi eside, kodwa ukuthi lena idrama. Anakho iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, waphoqeleka ukuba ahlale indoda wakuzonda ukuphila emgwaqweni. isikhathi eliqhakazile lokuphila sakhe sifushane, kodwa elikhanyayo kakhulu, ubuhlakani esikhanyayo.

Umkhaya kanye Childhood

Wazalelwa Alexei Kruchenykh Februwari 21, 1886 edolobhaneni sifundazwe Oliwa Kherson emndenini elula. Uyise wayehlukile; wayevela emndenini ongumlimi, labonakala okokuqala ngokuvakashela coachman ubuphansi, futhi kuze iminyaka 8, i-Futurist esizayo wayehlala edolobhaneni elincane izindlu ezingu-30, bese ubaba wanquma ukuthengisa indlu endaweni baba umshayeli cab e Kherson, ukuze ebuntwaneni Alexey azichitha kuleli dolobha . Lapha Kruchenykh kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme emahlangothini amathathu, futhi ngo-1902 wangena unyaka Odessa Art College. Ngakho yaphela eyakhula abafana ethule. Kukhethwa indawo cwaningo senzeke ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla nomfowabo omdala, owayenolwazi ikhono elimangalisayo umdwebi.

intsha edlubulundayo

Odessa College ngalezo zinsuku Bekumnandzi art izikole of the Empire, Russian. U-Aleksey Kruchenyh efika elinamathemba ezingacacile into egqamile futhi nesikhanyayo, futhi sibhekene umsebenzi onzima, ukufunda izinto eziyisisekelo ukwakhiwa umdwebo kanye nokusungulwa. Isikole singifundise okwangempela futhi lesi sitayela Kruchenykh wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, okuyinto kwahluka ukufana nemvelo, wabe esenikeza ubufakazi balokho yokubakhona ithalente kwezobuciko, kodwa kumbhali sifisa awuzange wabanjwa kule lokusungula. Ngalesi sikhathi e-Odessa kwaba ukuphila zeziyaluyalu: inala kumnandi, esebenzayo futhi nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe ahlukahlukene, konke lokhu Alexis umxhwele. Waba khona umsebenzi emjikelezweni kaMarx futhi ngisho nakanye Kuboshwe zokutholakala nezincwadi eziningana zivinjelwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo aphethwe Kruchenykh ajwayelane Davidom Burlyukom, umsunguli ikusasa Futurism Russian.

ucingo lokuqala

Ngo-1907 Kruchenyh Aleksey ithole diploma iziqu waya Kherson kube uthisha art. Kepha Wayefisa ukuba umculi ezizimele, ngakho inkonzo waya irregularly kanye ngonyaka lafaka isicelo yokwemukela eMoscow School of Painting. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esikoleni sakhe bengalamukeli, ekwindla ka-1907 waya eMoscow nge esinamandla umculi.

E-Moscow, yena uthola nengangibajwayele eziningi imvelo kwezobuciko, uqala ukusebenza omagazini "I-alamu" futhi "Spring", e "iphephandaba Moscow" njengenhlangano lochaza futhi caricaturist. Waba adumile njengoba cartoonist, ngisho wadala uchungechunge imisebenzi "Zonke eMoscow ngo opopayi" ethunywe a ukushicilela indlu enkulu. Yena impela wahlanganyela ngempumelelo e lokusungula, Onqobayo esikoleni imfundo yakhe, uthola isitayela sakhe, kodwa wakhe iphupho - izincwadi ekilasini. Kruchenykh uhlanganyela embukisweni ngezikhathi ezithile Art Society of eMoscow abaculi kulo mbukiso "I Impressionists". Kuyingxenye kwesiyingi Russian avant-garde, wahlangana Elena Guro, Mihailom Matyushinym, Vasiliem Kamenskim.

etemibhalo ubizo

Kruchenykh Alex Eliseevich umsebenzi etemibhalo iqala izihloko ezibucayi, incwadi ukubuyekezwa, izinkondlo satirical. Unomuzwa wokuthi izincwadi - ibhizinisi layo eyinhloko ekuphileni. Ngo-1912, wahlangana no-Vladimir Mayakovsky futhi Velimir Khlebnikov, owasiza yakha isimo sokugcina Kruchenykh ababone yena njengoba uMdali izinkondlo entsha. Uyabhala tindzaba letimfisha kanye nokubuyekeza ahlukile ngesitayela kakhulu kusukela ezungeze ngokoqobo tetemibhalo, lapho uzama ukuveza imibono declarative ngekusasa umphakathi nemisebenzi yobuciko.

U-Aleksey Kruchenyh futhi Russian avant-garde

U-Aleksey Kruchenyh, ogama biography kusukela 1910s lihlobene ukunyakaza avant-garde 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, waba ilungu elishisekayo yamaphuzu avelele eziningi esimweni bokubeka eMoscow. Ngo-1911, wahlangana ne Benedict Livshits okwathi ekanye nabafowabo Burliuk futhi Alekseem Kruchenyh kamuva avuselele Futuristic umphakathi "budetliane". Ngalesi sikhathi, i-avant-garde buyadlondlobala emhlabeni, lapho kuthiwa amakilabhu namaqembu ahlukahlukene, ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko amasha.

Konke lokhu imibono athandwa kakhulu nge-Alex, yena uyasebenzisana amaqembu amaningana futhi ehilelekile ekukhishweni anthologies eziningana futurists, "uZadoki Abahluleli", "Troy", "Dead Moon", "ngempama ukunambitheka umphakathi". Kruchenykh futhi kukhishwa izincwadi zabo siqu izihloko theory kanye izinkondlo, futhi livela lapha ngezindlela ezimbili: hhayi nje njengomuntu umbhali nowayenguSomhlahlandlela, kodwa futhi njengoba umklami graphic. 1912 yayinezinto izenzakalo kwezobuciko, esonta abathintekayo eqenjini D. Burliuk "Gilee" ibambisane ne "Jack Diamonds", uhlanganyela mpikiswano kanye emikhankasweni yomphakathi.

lokusungula olusankondlo

Ngo-1912, izinkondlo Alex Kruchenykh okuyiwona ziqokonyiswe, iqala ukusebenza eduze Velimir Khlebnikov. Ngalesi sikhathi, kokubili imbongi waziphatha kabi ukudalwa izinkondlo ngolimi "siqu", sobabili sasifuna wokuguqula izinkondlo, ukukhulula wakhe kusukela isithukuthezi zezemfundo. Kruchenykh alethwe Khlebnikov ukukhombisa ekuqaleni inkondlo yakhe, futhi waqala ukufunda, ngokungazelelwe wakhela phezu baqhubeka. Yavela kanjalo-ke inkondlo yabo ngokuhlanganyela «I Game Esihogweni." Kamuva, baba namanje ndawonye ukubhala Libretto ngokuba Futurist opera "Ukunqotshwa the Sun".

Lokhu waqala imisebenzi Kruchenykh emkhakheni avant-garde izinkondlo, wanyathelisa incwadi aseqala izinkondlo "Old Uthando", okuyinto uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa isiko primitivist. Incwadi, efana le nkondlo kwafanekiselwa oluvelele Russian avant-garde Larionov kanye Natalia Goncharova, emelela isampula zamagama, kanye ihluzo. Kruchenykh iqala ucwaningo ukwakha amavesi engenangqondo, bevuma yasungulwa isimiso 'Mirskontsa ", okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaqaphela ukuqoqwa imisebenzi by Khlebnikov futhi torsion of the gama elifanayo.

Eminyakeni 1913-14 Kruchenykh ukusebenzisa indlela entsha - umbhedo tetemibhalo, waqala ukubhala izinkondlo ngolimi eyasungulwa sakhe. imisebenzi okusha kufakwe iqoqo "Lipstick". Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lezi kwaba umbhalo:

izimbobo schyl Blvd.

ubeshschur

skooma

wena bu

p l ez ..

Ngokusho Kruchenykh, kwaba ngaphezulu umoya kazwelonke isiRashiya, kunazo zonke izinkondlo of Pushkin. Ngakho-ke, imizamo yakhe etemibhalo uqhubeke kuze 1930, lapho-ke ishicilelwe iqoqo izinkondlo "Ironiada".

Iminyaka ngaphandle izinkondlo

Kusukela ngo-1930, Kruchenyh Aleksey Eliseevich kabani izithombe wavela kaningi kule amaqoqo imisebenzi avant-garde, uqala ukunyakaza kude izincwadi. abangane bakhe bemshiya, wafa Mayakovsky futhi Khlebnikov, Burliuk bazalwane, njengabanye futurists eziningi abadwebi oluseqophelweni izimbongi, ziphume ziphele kuleli zwe.

Kusukela ngo-1934, ukusebenza Kruchenykh saphela ukushicilela, ukungena kamuva, wenqatshelwa ukuba Union of Abalobi. It is waziphatha lesibili ngesandla kanye nomsebenzi Antique, ilungiselela ukushicilela incwadi wozakwabo, ngokukhethekile, Mayakovsky futhi Khlebnikov. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, u-Alexei wayesebenza esikhumulweni yezindaba "tass Windows". Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe Kruchenykh baqoqa umtapo esiyingqayizivele. Uhulumeni waseSoviet akazange avumele imbongi emsebenzini, waphazanyiswa imisebenzi ehlukene. Kwaphela iminyaka 2 nje ngaphambi kokuba afe wamthatha kuphela empilweni recital. Juni 17, 1968 Alex Eliseevich Kruchenykh wafa.