Winter rye: incazelo jikelele

Winter rye kubaluleke kakhulu ifolishi nokudla kwezitshalo, okubandakanya semali amaprotheni (amaphesenti angu-15) kanye ne-carbon (amaphesenti angu-81). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-okusanhlamvu yayo anamavithamini A, B, no E. Kusukela ufulawa ukubhaka rye isinkwa, ukuthi ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqukethwe caloric idlula kakolweni okulingana. The main ukubaluleka agronomic of isiko, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthi ngenxa ekukhuleni kwayo ngokushesha futhi tillering okusezingeni eliphezulu ke uyakwazi ukucindezela ngempumelelo ukhula. Rye bran, wokusanhlamvu kafulawa liyasetshenziswa ngesimo okuphakelayo kanzulu, engesiyo phansi kunabaphostoli utshani zisetshenziswa ngekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rye ebusika liyasetshenziswa ngezinhloso lobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kungashiwo kusetshenzwe ku Molasses utshwala isitashi, futhi kusukela utshani ukukhiqiza uginindela acetic acid.

kwamiswa Namasiko kusukela oluhluma infests kakolweni izitshalo. Indawo Lokudabuka ubhekwa mpumalanga ye-Asia ne eCaucasus. E-Ukraine, i-rye ebusika uqala ukuvela emhlabeni yokuqala yeminyaka BC, kanye kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ukutshala ensimini ka Russia bahlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye. Manje kulinywe yayo kwandile, hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi e-US naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, emhlabeni-on-ngonyaka phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokusanhlamvu izitshalo rye isendaweni eyodwa yezindawo zokugcina. Le ndawo isivuno sawo yonyaka imayelana million amabili amahektha. Lapho ezikhula rye nenhlabathi evundile futhi lapho umuntu eba imali eyanele Umanyolo inikeza ezithela ezinhle (kufika ku-20 quintals ehektheleni). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma iqhathaniswa naso kakolweni lesi sibalo cishe uhhafu kancane.

Manje amagama ambalwa mayelana lapho ukuhlwanyela rye ebusika. Lokhu kwenziwa ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa isilinganiso imayelana nanhlanu degrees. Kulokhu, kakhulu mancane amathuba okuthi baba ezilimele yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho, namasiko uqobo kunezimpande kangcono. Izitshalo zingamelana frost lamadigri 25. Ukuhluma iqala lifika enhlabathini ngisho at 2 degrees ukushisa nokubanda amahlumela ezinobungane akhiwa lapho ekushiseni okungaphezu 10. Sibonga uhlelo izimpande zawo evuthiwe rye ebusika ithwala ngisho entwasahlobo nesomiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenkathi amasiko abo ukukhula akuyona kakhulu afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye ku nomswakama, ngakho evuthiwe futhi eside izimvula, futhi ukushisa. Akukhona uhlobo ziyakukhetha nomhlabathi. Rye ngokuvamile likhula ngisho inhlabathi anesihlabathi nenzalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo kangcono ubamba phosphorus kanye potassium ngokuqondile phansi.

Kakhulu kabanzi esinalo izinhlobonhlobo tetraploid futhi diploid rye ebusika. Umehluko phakathi kwabo itholakala inani lezakhi zofuzo ezakha amaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo zalesi sihlahla. Eyokuqala yalezi zinhlobo esanda kutholakala futhi inama-chromosome angu-28. Ngokuqondene yesibili, khona-ke inama-chromosome angu-14. izinhlobonhlobo Okuningi okwandile diploid. Ethandwa kakhulu kulo bayizinkulungwane ezifana Niva, Will futhi Boguslavka. Iqembu waphawula tetraploid Septhemba Puhovchanku futhi Drevlyane.