Winter Palace eSt: incazelo, umlando

Umlando Winter Palace eSt, kanye nezinye izakhiwo eziningi e-edolobheni, iqala ngesikhathi Tsar uPetru I. 1711, ibhodi ngoba inkosi eyakhelwe into efana yokuhlala ebusika, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i-Winter Palace. Kwakuyisikhathi ezincane ezimbili storey indlu enophahla tile kanye nompheme eliphezulu izitebhisi. Umlando Winter Palace eSt kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo futhi multi-esiteji. Nokho, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala lokhu hambo oluyingqopha-mlando.

Okwesibili Sasebusika

Njengoba iminyaka idlula, idolobha lakhula masinyane futhi abantu abaningi, eduze umbusi (ie inkosi), waqala ukwakha izigodi zabo siqu Petersburg. Peter mina, yebo, bafuna iholide ekhaya aluhlaza. Kwakukhona edumile Winter Palace eSt. Lesi sigodlo yesibili Yakhiwa eduze wokuqala ngokwenezela umakhi I. Matarnovi. Lesi sigodlo kwaba kuphela kancane esikhulu kunesokuqala, kodwa yakhiwa ngamatshe, kodwa iningi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwaba lapha 1725, wafa Tsar uPetru I. Ulwazi mayelana Winter Palace eSt ngasinda kahle ukuze noma iyiphi izivakashi ngabanye sibheke endaweni sokufa yenkosi.

Okwesithathu Sasebusika

Ukuhlela ukwakheka Domenico Trezzini wasiphakamisa sesimanje yesibili Sasebusika cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kwenkosi. Lesi sakhiwo Kwatholakala enkulu ngempela futhi ngokubabazekayo. Okwesibili Sasebusika kwaba iphiko entshonalanga, futhi endaweni wesithathu neziyisihlanu manje Hermitage Theatre. Mayelana Winter Palace eSt, ungakwazi ukutshela okuningi, futhi kuphela encane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa zonke izindaba ezinkulu.

lesine Palace

Izazi-mlando esigodlweni wesine lihlotshaniswa igama Anny Ioannovny. Empress Finicky ukuthi awanelisekile neqiniso lokuthi abanye Admiral Apraksin Palace zinkulu futhi bacebe kakhulu wakhe ... kodwa wayengesona neze enkulu ngokwanele futhi nice zabelwe wakhe. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Rastrelli ixazululwe le nkinga ngendlela elandelayo: liye exhunywe esigodlweni ekhona wesithathu umzimba eside. Lesi sakhiwo siye sabizwa ngokuthi "Eyesine Winter Palace eSt." incazelo emfushane izindawo ezilandelayo: esigodlweni elikhulu mbumbulu ezimbili ezinhle. Rastrelli Ngempela kwakuyisikhathi wezakhiwo abanamakhono.

I lesihlanu nelesithupha ingqopha-mlando

esigodlweni wesihlanu kwaba, hhayi endaweni yokukhosela kuphela okwesikhashana omangalisayo sokhuni, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi elise kude amabhange iNeva. Kodwa esigodlweni yesithupha kwakungu ngempela kuyilungelo elikhulu. Ngokuvamile, bonke Winter Palace eSt kwaba ezintsha ngesikhathi sawo. Ngalesi sikhathi phambi umakhi main kwaba inselele cishe sahlulwa: ukuthuthukisa iphrojekthi isigodlo kanye ngiwuhlakulele iminyaka emibili! Kwaba njalo bethanda we-ke iNdlovukazi Elizabeth!

On esigodlweni lesithupha baqashwe izinkulungwane ababazi, abadwebi, abasebenzi Foundry, nabanye abaningi. izindawo Huge nezisetshenziswa yabelwe izidingo ukwakhiwa. Kodwa unjiniyela omkhulu Rastrelli wayazi ukuthi iminyaka emibili akazange ukuphatha, kanye njalo ucele isandiso. Ekugcineni, ngobukhulu ubunzima, wakwazi ukuthola izincwadi iNdlovukazi ukunweba ke isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Wayeyisazi okudala Rastrelli

Ekugcineni, sasiwumsebenzi full Winter Palace eSt. Incazelo emfushane ke yilokhu-ke: Ubukhulu omkhulu yobuciko. Lesi sigodlo kwadingeka mbumbulu ezimbili: lalinye waya endaweni, omunye - ukuze iNeva. Phakathi nezikhathi zonyaka ezifudumele esigodlweni kubonakala amanzi omfula, okuyinto esandisa umphumela.

Genius Rastrelli wakhulelwa ngokuphelele kusakhiwo ingaphakathi lendlu yenkosi. Lalinama amathathu phansi. Esisogwini Amahhovisi yokuqala yesibili - staterooms futhi amasonto amabili, futhi esitezi sesithathu kwabelwe ngokuphelele enkantolo. Ngokuvamile, esigodlweni, kwakukhona amakamelo ehlukene 460, okuyinto has a sekugcineni ekhexisayo. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa kwehlwaywe zokudala Rastrelli kugcwale umlomo ukuthi ukukhangwa ukhiye Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Ukufa iNdlovukazi futhi umnikazi omusha lwesigodlo

Empress Elizabeth, ngokusobala ngokungazi uzizwe nokushabalala okuseduze, ngakho wafuna kuphrojekthi esigodlweni sakhe ngokushesha njengoba eseqedile ngangokunokwenzeka. Nokho, washona ngo esigodlweni yesikhashana sokhuni yesihlanu, futhi akazange abone Winter yakhe Palace.

Ngo 1761, esigodlweni 'athunjwa "Tsar uPetru III. Wajabula kakhulu nale ucezu yobuciko yezakhiwo kanye isinqumo ukuhlonipha Rastrelli elisezingeni uMajor General. Nokho, enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1962 uCatherine II wabhubhisa umsebenzi wezakhiwo omkhulu, futhi kwadingeka yathuthela e-Italy, lapho futhi aqhubeka ukusebenza okukhethekile.

A kancane mayelana nenqubo yokwakha

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ekwakhiweni izinkulungwane serfs ababehilelekile. Kumane nje kuyingxenye encane babo banikwa ilungelo lokuphila futhi ubuthongo egumbini we Winter Palace, kodwa iningi ezibekwe maqhugwane kwesokudla izimfunda Admiralty. Abadayisi kuleyo ngxenye yedolobha, ukubona zonke ezinye le hype, overstated intengo yokudla, bese ukhokha lesidlo emalini iholo abasebenzi. Kwakuvamile, futhi ukuze isisebenzi wasala izikweletu kumqashi emva payday. Ithi, abanye Masons ngisho yindlala, ngakho babephathwa elibi kakhulu. Winter Palace eSt, efana iGreat Wall yaseChina, isimo safuna share fair kwezinsiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Russia ilwa Prussia, ziqhubekele izikhali waphenduka evamile akekho, ngoba ngensimbi kakhulu babehileleke ukwakhiwa Winter Palace.

Ukwakhiwa Winter Palace kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2,5 ruble, futhi ngalezo zinsuku ruble kwaba lwemali eziwusizo kakhulu.

Fire in the Winter Palace

Ngo-1837, kwenzeka bahlaselwa isiphepho esinzima - elihle Sasebusika yephukela kuye! Imbangela yengozi ukwehluleka ngefasitele. Ubukhulu komlilo babe cwe ngempela - amahora 30 kwathiwa acime Battalion eziningana Guards regiments, izinkampani ezimbili komlilo esigodlweni, inkampani lwesigodlo grenadiers namakhulu "amayunithi." Ukuzama ukulondoloza impahla esigodlweni, amasosha ngokuphuthumayo ebeka isitini umnyango, zizama ukumisa umlilo, ophahleni adiliza izinqamu ngezinqamu, ukuze bakwazi uthele amanzi phezulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa langempela asilethelwa.

sokubuyiselwa lwesigodlo

Lapho ekugcineni umlilo wanqamuka, kwakunokwenzeka ukuthola kuphela izindonga ophahleni esitezi sokuqala - konke okunye ukuthi zikhubazekile angaphezu ukuqashelwa. Ngo-1837 uqalwe imisebenzi sokubuyiselwa, okwaphela kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emithathu (khumbula ukuthi esikhathini esifanayo Winter Palace lakhiwa kusuka ekuqaleni). Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza nsuku zonke ukuze iqhaza by ayizinkulungwane 10. Abasebenzi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika ukuklanywa lwesigodlo wathatha omningi sikhathi, kuningi wemidwebo ilahlekile, bese abaklami kwadingeka ukuba enta taba. Ngenxa yalokho we Winter Palace eSt kakhulu siguqulwe, ekutholeni yesimanje izici ukubukeka kwesakhiwo. Ngakho kwaba khona, eqinisweni, "inguqulo lwesikhombisa" esigodlweni. Incazelo Winter Palace eSt okulandelayo: ukubukeka emhlophe-oluhlaza kunothile amakholomu kanye ukuhlangabezana ngezikhathi nge imihlobiso yegolide.

Ugesi kanye sesimanje yangaphakathi

Ngesikhathi isikhawu 1869-1888, izigodlo ngazo zonke izindlela uthuthukise: telefoniziruyut, gesi, gazofitsiruyut, afeze amapayipi amanzi. By endleleni, ngoba kukagesi Winter Palace phansi yayo yesibili Yakhiwa amandla plant, okuyinto iminyaka engu-15 ayebhekwa elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu.

Ngaphansi kwethonya izindlela ezahlukene sigodlo sasibhekwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi ngcono elingaphakathi yokudweba izindonga. Akukho imibala ezifana okhalweni rainbow, okungasekelwe namabala ngesikhathi Winter Palace. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili esigodlweni kwaba nochuku umbala ocebile abomvu.

Winter Palace namuhla

Indaba le Winter Palace eSt luphela. Manje-ke likhona umfelandawonye amatiyetha eduze futhi lwakha nabo isakhiwo esisodwa "Hermitage". Lona zokugcina, inguqulo lesishiyagalombili. Idle futhi ngezinga Amazing ilungelo ukubukeka eyinkimbinkimbi kugcwale umlomo ukuthi ukukhangwa ukhiye Petersburg - Winter Palace.

Manje ezinhle Sasebusika ivulekile futhi izinkambo zomlando ukuvakashelwa. Incazelo Winter Palace eSt, emlonyeni wayeyisazi-mlando abanolwazi kuyathakazelisa ngempela. Izivakashi Unelungelo ujabulele okuqoqiwe kahle sobukhosi ehholo St George, Room Golden noma Boudoir nenhle egcwele lenqwaba ngezibuko nezingodo ze imihlobiso yegolide. Futhi kuwufanele uchidet Malachite Igumbi elinamakholomu ocebile oluhlaza futhi ngokubabazekayo ehholo. Futhi-ke ine igalari art nge eziningi wangempela.