Uyini okwakhe yemisebenzi Lermontov

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov kubhekwa omunye wabasunguli be -Golden Age ka-izincwadi Russian. Ezincwadini zakhe, wafunda laseChekhov futhi UTolstoy, izinkondlo zakhe babephefumulelwe Bunin futhi Akhmatova. Kahle izwi owuthanda umfundi namuhla, ukubeka ibha kakhulu noma ubani ocabanga kuwo yena umbhali waseRussia.

I hero isikhathi sakhe

Lermontov - imbongi Inkathi enamandla kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa etemibhalo ukuphendula zezombusazwe ngesihluku. ifa layo ocebile nemisebenzi emikhulu etemibhalo zokuphila kuyavumelana kweyishumi yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Namathathu banesifo esibi - Ngalesi sikhathi, umuzwa asabisayo kungenzeka, imicabango ongenayo injabulo ngekusasa, ekuphikeni nokuzisola. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusekhona yokusabela kuya kokunqotshwa kwe Decembrists, abavukeli, wakhuluma ngo-1825.

Umphakathi ecinga impendulo yombuzo ukuba benzeni, ngokungathathi kuze kube sekupheleni babona kabuhlungu ukuthi lo mbuso omusha lempi. Nicholas lokuqala engena legatsha wesithathu amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi, ukucwaninga izici is phansi wonke amazwi, aristocrats uphawu amagama. Zonke lezi zinto ngokupheleleyo ngimphikile kwentsha. Isimo Sokulindela Ukuphelela nokuphika bayingxenye ifilosofi entsha, okuyinto umi endleleni we Michael abasha.

I webumbacambili kwezincwadi

Lezo zincwadi liyasiqinisekisa okwangempela, okuyinto udla okwakhe lokusungula Lermontov. okwangempela Russian Akumangalisi ingezwe ku-alithandeki - romanticism. Futhi master abasha kwemagama kubaluleke kuphela akwazi ukuhlanganisa le miyalo emibili, ukudala yobuciko tinkondlo, umdlalo, temibhalo yephrozi.

Ukuzalwa umlingisi olusankondlo

Izinkondlo e Lermontov abacwaningi yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: kwentsha nobudala. isithombe yobuciko hero lyrical has a eshiwo ngokucacile ngabanye nezimfanelo romance yasekhaya, sizungezwe izwe ngaphandle.

Ngesikhathi uMichael laphefumulelwa imisebenzi Byron, namaqhawe akhe sithole ephelele yengxoxo ngaphezulu. Kamuva, uthola indlela yakhe, lapho kukhona edabukisayo uthando umugqa futhi akukho ubungani. Life uvezwa uhlobo nje kuphela. Lokhu motif iyahlule Pushkin.

Enhliziyweni ingxabano amanga ngonyaka black eRussia, okuyinto ephambene ukubukwa hero romantic. Ngakho, into ebuhlungu iqala ukulawula izwe izacile kwangaphakathi lyrical. Kulesi ngxabano ukuthi nizalwa a okwakhe edabukisayo lokusungula M. Yu. Lermontova. Futhi kule minyaka edlule, le mpi kuzokhulisa kuphela. Lokhu kufanele banike isosha esihlatshelelwayo ongenathemba nokugxeka ukuthi ebonwe kwezinye izincwadi zezazi-zabuna ezifana Baratynsky. Nokho, le "ndoda kwangaphakathi" Lermontov uyaqhubeka ezinyakazayo nokwakheka kwalo, uzibophezele aphakeme. Lena esinye isici imbongi.

Ukuba Nesizungu imisebenzi Lermontov - kuyindlela ukubuyisela ibhalansi ngokupheleleyo khona emphefumulweni wakhe. kwezifiso Lyrical kubonakale ezingezona ezemvelo ukuba umbhali, ekhuluma 'ngothando eziyinqaba "ngoba izwe, ethi ayidalwanga abantu. Lyric akuyona nje ngokungaqondi Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ngifuna ke ngokukhethekile.

Indlela imbongi, ohlala ngaphandle benjabulo kwezenhlalo, kwachazwa Pushkin. Kodwa izinkondlo indaba ephathwayo ngemisebenzi Lermontov kwenza ngesiRashiya inkhulumomphendvulwano lyric ne "kumuntu ongaphakathi". Lo mqondo laqanjwa Belinsky lapho bekhuluma le lyrical. ebukhoneni Bakhe - oyingqayizivele we kufanekisa esizayo, ngoba isithombe uhlamvu olusankondlo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siguqulelwa uphawu.

imagism yangaphakathi

Luqala ngokunikela i kwezobuciko isingathekiso ubunjalo inkondlo Lermontov sika. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula "Span" e 1832. Inqubo efanayo umbhali usebenzisa enkondlweni "IDwala," "Tuchkov zezulu," "Esikhathini Wild North" nokunye.

Life kanye umsebenzi Lermontov inkululeko eligcwele Motifs zezinxushunxushu intando, inkumbulo angunaphakade lokukhohlwa, ukudideka, nothando, isimo sokugxeka nokuthula komhlaba nesibhakabhaka. Zonke izihloko oxhumene futhi okwakuthandelene nomunye, kungani isitayela sokugqoka yehlukene kaningi okubalwa bokubeka umlobi.

Belinsky echazwe imbongi lyric njengoba abaqhoshayo ngoba abantu abaningi baba nemibuzo mayelana namalungelo lomuntu oyedwa, isiphetho futhi kuhlanzekile ngokokuziphatha. Nokho, nomcwaningi uveza ukuthi kulezi zihloko ayifi futhi zihlale funa.

I okwakhe we ulimi

I okwakhe kolimi Lermontov sika kuqondakala kangcono kakhulu, kokubukeza umsebenzi wakhe. Enkondlweni "Span" - ukubonakaliswa udabuke, usizi, elinde isiphepho ngomqondo emzabalazweni. Kulokhu, akucaci yini ncamashi kwenzeka kule nkinga, akucaci yini ukuthi ine ukuhola.

Amazwi athi "Maye! Akafuni ngifuna injabulo "thatha esiqine ukunyakaza ekupheleni isikhundla sento. "Futhi akulona by inhlanhla, ugijimela" - ingenye isikhungo semantic umsebenzi. It kuvela ukuthi umzabalazo nokukhathazeka kwengqondo - ke nabangane nokufuna i lungafinyeleleki ekahle, zokuchithwa intuthuko.

"Span" - uhlobo umdwebo emhlabeni bokubeka umbhali, isibonelo lapho ungabona ubunjalo lokusungula Lermontov. ukuphikiswa zothando uzolahlekelwa unaphakade ubuqotho harmonic yomuntu.

Ngokwesibonelo, omubi kabili emgqeni "Cha, hhayi ukuze ngentshiseko Ngiyakuthanda" ukhuluma ngani nemizwa ejulile futhi ukucinga amathuba ukususa uthando ukungezwani. I okwakhe lokusungula Lermontov - kuyindlela ukuthi siphakamise umuntu ngenhla kuwukuphikisana ukuphila, kunokuba eziphonsa kube ukungqubuzana njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Ngisho umzabalazo kungaqedwa yokufa nokuphila emisebenzini yakhe evusa Umoya womuntu phezu izimo.

umphefumulo Eyaluzayo "kumuntu ongaphakathi"

Ezinezinkondlo ulimi izinkondlo eveza ezweni edlubulundayo engaphakathi iqhawe. "Ukushona Poet", "Palms Three", "lullaby Cossack", "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" - a ukungezwani ezidabukisayo futhi ukungahlaliseki. Kuzo zonke imigqa ukucaciseleka emangalisayo nokunemba yokukhuluma. Lokhu, futhi, kuqinisekisa webumbacambili lamanani imbongi.

Inani elikhulu of nezincazelo ezingqubuzanayo ezihlanganiswe sikubeke emithathu ingxenye inhlangano quatrains emithathu enkondlweni "Span". Quatrains akha triad, ivesi elandulela uyaphikisana nombono wokuqala, kodwa yesithathu ululama sifanangwaca.

Slim emithathu ingxenye ukuma ivumela ukuxazulula ukuphikisana liyavumelana kakhulu, okungenani olubonakalayo. It uxhuma upholavuthondaba kwangaphakathi futhi ukungezwani nesizungu nge umngcele ezivamile yangaphandle.

I bokunemba zezinkondlo

I Monologue of Pechorin ukuthi "iNkosazana uMariya" kudalulwe ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso womuntu ngamunye kanye nomphakathi, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kukhona ukuphikisana yangaphakathi. Lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuba akhulume Petchorin wabonisa upholavuthondaba eminingi futhi kahle-eyakhelwe imvumelwano. Lermontov ugcizelela ukucaciseleka quatrains zokuloba lapho enye dash futhi ikholoni.

Leli fomu ligxile ukuqina imingcele yangaphakathi umlingisi, wembula engenakunqandeka umphefumulo namandla kanye nokunyakaza enamandla.

Ukucabanga okwakhe lokusungula Lermontov kuholela kwesinye isiphetho mayelana izici of ulimi lwakhe lyrical. Amazwi okuzakhela ka izwi umdwebi - kuba ikhono lawo angawasebenzisa ukuchaza emhlabeni womuntu kwangaphakathi, futhi ukuphila yemvelo ne izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene.

Kulokhu, ngesisekelo wonke amagugu akhe olusankondlo isihloko isizungu. Igama elithi "umuntu" - nanti izwi eziphawuleka kakhulu ngolimi umlobi. Ngaphakathi hero njalo bagxila amandla ezinkulukazi egcinwe ngenxa uyaphika impilo ejwayelekile nge nokuhuheka kuyinto engasho lutho, uqhekeko kubantu. Ukuba Nesizungu Lermontov egcwele isifiso esisuka ukufeza irhuluphelo ubunye wokuphila, ubuqotho kanye nokuzwana emhlabeni wonke.

umculo izwi

master nohlamvu zomculo kakhulu, futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe ine buviyoviyo umsindo ukuzwakala inkulumo atishaye ihlelwe. Kwakuwusuku okokuqala ikhulela usayizi trisyllabic lokho akusebenzanga phambi kwi ababengaphambi enjalo ngezinga, ngisho Pushkin.

Izinkondlo e Lermontov ugcwele ezihlukahlukene okuphindayo, nangezindlela ezihlukahlukene Rhythmic, yangaphakathi iziphazamiso Rhythmic-syntactic futhi wesimethri esiqinile, ngokucacile elandelanayo. voltages Huge nokuhumushela olimini kungaqedwa zibona confessional lapho ziqhathaniswa entsha kokuqala oqondile okukhipha value. Ngokwesibonelo, umugqa mayelana aphile ukuphila "luhlolo abandayo" iba ihlaya ezingenalutho futhi beyiziphukuphuku.

Namuhla, ikakhulukazi isifundo enemininingwane lokuba nesizungu lapho Lermontov. Umbhalo yiluphi uhlobo kukhonjelwe sina ukucabangela kwezobuciko kombhali. umugqa zothando e imbongi uzwakalise inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi izinhlobo nezitayela yokukhuluma ezahlukene. Mayelana izinhlamvu "Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu" Belinsky wabhala ukuthi umbhali wakwazi ngokusankondlo baveze ulimi olunezithuko Maksima Maksimycha izenzakalo ngisho elula olungokomfanekiso. Wabanikeza ukubukeka ekuphileni comedy uhlamvu bokubanga.

amazwi Yabantu njengoba isikhundla esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa izinkondlo

Life kanye umsebenzi Lermontov zihlobene temdzabu. Ngendlela Yabantu zokuphila ubhekene iqoqo 1840. "Iculo mayelana Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a nonogada abasha swashbuckling Somthengisi Kalashnikov" ukusungulwa isitayela Russian Folk izinkondlo. Ngo "Field Borodino" romantic isosha rants kamuva zithandwe enkulumweni e "Borodino". Nalapha futhi, phezu komlomo izinhlamvu ngaphezulu yasekuqaleni uhlamvu unique sokuvukela umlobi. Lermontov bese ephika okwamanje kuzibonakalisa ezweni uthando lwakhe wobaba. Abantu ukukhuluma amathoni imbongi wakhushulwa erenki eliphakeme zezinkondlo.

I okwakhe lokusungula Lermontov Usebe negalelo elingenakuphikwa ekuthuthukiseni ulimi kwezobuciko. Zomsoli Vinogradov wachaza iqiniso lokuthi imbongi akhethiwe original izindlela zendlela yokubhala izinkondlo Russian naseNtshonalanga. Lapho kwakuphambana khona namasiko ehlukene akudalile amafomu amasha yokukhuluma tetemibhalo ukuthi uyaqhubeka isiko Pushkin.

Funda ulimi Lermontov sika

ulimi Lermontov sika has nethonya elinamandla abalobi Russian kamuva. It wahosha oluvela Nekrasov, Blok, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, laseChekhov. LaseChekhov wake wathi ngalolo limi Lermontov kuzomele ukuqaqa njenge esikoleni ukufunda ukubhala. Ngokubona kwakhe, akukho ulimi kangcono. Imisebenzi kwesokunxele Mihailom Yurevichem - a kahle izwi kweqiniso.

Abakhethiwe noma ndwa kahle?

Imisebenzi nombhali, kungaba temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba nobe inkondlo, napolnnyayut yokusesha okungokomoya esikuthola iqiniso, ukomela umsebenzi, idealization yezithombe wothando nobuhle. Kumuntu ongaphakathi sifuna ozalwa ngempela, ukuba abe umuntu, ukumisa ngokwawo njengoba umuntu. Ngenxa yalesi ukulungele ukuba bamukele umhlaba wonke, ukuphetha esifubeni yendawo yonke nge izinkanyezi zawo. Ufuna ukuxhuma nemvelo futhi "abantu abavamile ', kodwa ubona yena njengoba phetho eziphathelene ukhetho, kanjalo behlukanisiwe nomphakathi nakakhulu.

Ukuba Nesizungu Lermontov

Umbhalo umoya "eseyitholile emhlabeni beshushiswa" e imbongi abasha lyric uchaza isizungu njengoba umvuzo. Eminyakeni eyalandela - kunalokho, kuba umthwalo, isithukuthezi, okuyinto ekugcineni ukunikeza inothi laso ngemva kwenhlekelele. Imisebenzi yakhe adlulisele umuzwa ongashadile emhlabeni wonke.

Ngakho kukhona iqhawe, imibuzo zasesikhumulweni semikhumbi esinjalo komphefumulo womuntu, ezinjengothando, ubungani, ukuthobeka. iqhawe Lermontov sika kwabacasula disorder yakhe. Uyabakhumbula at amabhola sizungezwe isixuku Motley ababemzungezile chudyatsya abantu bangakhathaleli muntu "ukufaneleka buso ziboshelwa."

Ukuze ususe kwejoka uhlamvu soulless ngokuya idluliselwe nakho yezingane. Lermontov kukhona isifiso, ingafana kanjani nengane, inselelo emhlabeni, ukuze zidabula imaskhi abasontayo, ukuze adalule isixuku.

Isizungu ichaza i uyize ingaphakathi. Ukudumazeka emphakathini, isimiso, imizwelo ukudana dekadanstvo eyinqaba namathathu banesifo esibi abasha. ukuvinjelwa Political ku ekukhishweni izifiso tingucuko esimisweni sezenhlalo kweqiniso futhi idluliselwe nokuphila kwabantu kwangasese. Akukho themba yokuthola injabulo yangempela, uthando, ubungani, iSilekeleli Sokwazisa. Adume "Span", okuyinto njalo yedwa yolwandle olukhulu - sibonelo esigqamile imizwa isizukulwane young ngaleso sikhathi.

nobudlelwano zintekenteke, kodwa kukhona uthando singcono indivisible - ke kuthiwa: "IDwala", "Esikhathini Wild North ...", "Leaf".

Ngemva kokuba ukuvukela we Decembrists kuleli zwe uqala aphendule ngamazwi aqatha zezombusazwe. Iqiniso ibonakala esonakele we namathathu banesifo esibi, ludvweshu, enobutha negcwele ukukhonza. Lesi sigaba phakathi kwezifiso kanye ngokoqobo azinakuxazululwa ngokuthula, lokhu akukwazi ukubuyisana. isixazululo ngxabano kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa ukufa omunye amaqembu.

Okunjalo sezulu social nethonya elilimazayo Lermontov indoda kodwa aphilisa imbongi, uyasithembisa ukufa kabuhlungu. Into kuphela ukuthi uyaqhubeka abe nesithakazelo kubantu - ungumuntu osifanele. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini ukhulile lokusungula Lermontov izisusa begxile kakhulu ukugxeka isakhiwo somphakathi, edalula izinkinga eziphathekako esiphuthumayo. Ufuna "waphonsa vesi yensimbi ngesibindi," futhi ingabe ngaso sonke isikhathi.

ukufa imbongi sika

Lermontov usola isizukulwane aimlessness, vnurenney incithakalo, ngilila isiphetho Russia, ngesikhathi esifanayo igcwalisa imisebenzi yakhe mkhuba futhi zondo towards yakhe. . Ukudala M. Yu Lermontova - ekuhlubukeni uhlelo olukhona izinto.

Enkondlweni ukuba ukufa Pushkina imbongi okuhambisa cocktail eziyinkimbinkimbi izinzwa aphikisanayo eshaweni. Bese kuba khona usizi nenhlonipho nenzondo. Pushkin emsebenzini silindelwe isixuku, uhlamvu lwesithathu - imbongi ukulila ubuhlakani, imikhiqizo yomphakathi. Lermontov usola ukukhanya lokubulala Pushkin, ukuthi Inkampani ngizothumela isandla umbulali sika. Nakulokhu futhi, uMichael unika iqhawe lakhe, Pushkin, isizungu, ukuphikiswa emhlabeni wonke.

"Ukufa imbongi" - intela wayeyisazi olusankondlo, futhi ngaphandle kuba jumper emlandweni joint kubunjwa khona ngokuqhubeka amakhono nengokomoya. Ukudala Lermontov - phambili umlando sonke isizukulwane, uthethe kusukela Pushkin. Kuyinto izwi intsha, ukuba uzindle esizayo yezwe, nesimo salo nzima, futhi indlela uqobo. Pushkin lilanga ukuphakama kwesizwe sethu, kodwa akakwazanga noma akazange ofuna ukukulondoloza.

Lesi sithombe se-genius phakathi AbaThwa, abangakwazi ukuthethelela, ukuba baqonde futhi lokubhikisha ukuvikela amagugu abo. imisebenzi Lermontov sika bazalelwa lapho kwakuphambana khona imizwelo kanye rationality. Sula, ukucabanga okukhulu elihangulayo ku tangle imizwa futhi aliziphikisi. It is a division of nezincazelo imiqondo imbongi kanye ndoda, kodwa obedyayutsya imbongi kanye izinkondlo. umsebenzi Lermontov sika linendawo ekhethekile ezincwadini Russian, abaletha impahla ukucabanga okujulile futhi ocebile isimo, izwe, isikhathi umuntu kuwo.

Isilinganiso womculo izinkondlo uboniswe ukuphazamiseka umculi kanye nezwe ubudlelwano. art Refined ngokuvamile ivaliwe ngesikhathi seSimbi intuthuko.

ukuthunywa

Poet Lermontov - ingumprofethi, usulu isixuku. Kuleli ecabanga e "umProfethi?" Umsebenzi "Imbongi". Lena phambili isihloko izinkondlo emphakathini lapho isosha esihlatshelelwayo avame ukusetshenziswa ukuzijabulisa, kunokuba usebenzise isipho sakhe sangempela sikaNkulunkulu, ukugcwalisa ikusasa lakhe. Ngakho sifika kulo izwe nge ngobulukhuni likaNkulunkulu azizuzele lona kuletha abantu.

Lyric kufanele batshele umuntu iqiniso, ukuze adalule, ukuze uveze ubuhle nothando. Lermontov umbono, abantu adelele umprofethi. Lo muzwa sibuyisela isixuku ngosizo izinkondlo zakhe. Ngakho, izinkondlo liphenduka lwaya imbongi sika mission. Njenganoma yimuphi mesiya, wayengumuntu enesizungu, senqaba futhi kahle.

Izimpande ukungqubuzana

Life kanye Works of M. Lermontov umnyuziki eziphikisanayo. Wazalwa emndenini lapho kukhona izibhelu njalo eduze. Ezilwayo Umama nobaba, ugogo. ukufa likamama ukuyeka ubaba ingane isencane - ongakwenza ukuze ukulwa, lapho ebuntwaneni ezolile ihlulekile ukumelana ngokoqobo ezinzima. Shot ku kaNcibijane ibhola Umkhulu Misha, ngokuvumelana ugogo wakhe, futhi, wayegcwele zombango.

Futhi manje, eminyakeni engu-15 ezweni bazalwa ukungafi "Demon" futhi "baseSpain", futhi ngemva konyaka "ukubonakala" abadumile. Kubonakala sengathi imizwa efana ukungabaza okuningi okubuhlungu, uvalo, ilindele sembubhiso, isifiso sokuthola lokulibala, babe eziyizici wonke umndeni imbongi.

Kuphela akuvamile e imisebenzi umculi umphefumulo umsindo ngenjabulo nethemba. ukuphila kwakhe umbhali echazwe izinkondlo ezimbili. Lokhu "Yini ukusetshenziswa ukuphila" nesithi "Kungani mina akazalwanga."

Sobstsvennoy umuzwa elitism, ukhetho iphoqa imbongi umphakathi ukuba ukhethe yobuciko we yobuciko. Ngokuphelele echazwe Mihaila Yurevicha Bryusov, ukushaya umdali imbongi sika Ayindida. Bruce wabona ubuciko okwakhe lokusungula Lermontov kudalwa ecacile, like izinkondlo "kokuzihlanganisa".

Figure Lermontov - kuba kuze kube yilolu suku, kuyimpicabadala. Ngokuphila Nokufa isosha esihlatshelelwayo - uyimfihlakalo, kodwa umnikelo wakhe izincwadi Russian kuyinto engenakulinganiswa.