Uyini izibalo, futhi yini ukubaluleka kwayo emphakathini wanamuhla?

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nesimo se-umphakathi isebenzisa lahlukene wesayensi. Omunye wabo - izibalo. Kuyini lokhu?

Kuyini izibalo?

Ngakho sikubiza igatsha ulwazi, okuyinto ebekwe izinkinga ezivame maqondana nokuqoqwa, nesilinganiso kanye nokuhlaziywa mass idatha (ambalwa noma qualitative). Izibalo sibuye sikhulume ekutadisheni izici ambalwa of mass ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile ngokuya ifomu yabo ezinombolo. Leli gama lisuselwa isimo Latin, elisho "isimo yezindaba". Ekuqaleni, lokhu isayensi ngokuthi "gosudarstvovedenie".

Igama elithi "izibalo" yaqale esetshenziswa 1746, futhi lokhu okwamanje kwaphawula ukuqala lesi siyalo zezemfundo nesayensi. Nokho, asikwazi ukuthi kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kwalo ngqo njengoba kulandiswe, nesilinganiso, kuhlahlela idatha Kwakuseshwa ngisemncane kakhulu. Kuvele ipharamitha ebalulekile fashion. Into ethi ayifane bangakhumbula kusukela geometry, kodwa ayikalungi. Kodwa uyini imfashini ezibalweni? Ngakho sikubiza ukubaluleka uhlelo lwento, okuyinto eyenzeka njalo.

izibonelo

Ake nikhulume ngento eduze ngokoqobo. Kuyini ikhasi lewebhu site izibalo? Njengoba lokhu ipharamitha kungaba inani labasebenzisi ungene ngemvume ukuze umthombo futhi ukujwayelana elikuqukethe. Nokho, kusukela lo mbono kuyoba nzima ukuba uthole impendulo yombuzo othi, yini izibalo "VKontakte".

Imininingwane Hlukanisa ikhasi ngalinye is hhayi kuqoqwe. Kodwa iqhutshwa ukubala inombolo yabasebenzisi faka usuku, ngenyanga - ngokuvamile, ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lona impendulo yombuzo othi lokho izibalo mkhuba yelwati.

izinhlobo amaqembu

Ukuyala yesayensi ngokuhlukana kwenziwa iqoqo ngamaqembu ahlukene ukuthi kukhona eyohlobo endaweni maqondana ezithile. Ukuze abale isibalo ngezikhawu uma kungekho nohlaka olucacile, livame ukusetshenziswa ifomula Stordzhesa:

CHI = 1 + 3,322 * lg CHN lapho

• CHI - isibalo integrals;
• Lg - logarithm;
• CHN - inombolo kokuma.

Kuye injongo, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu amaqembu:

• Analytical. Esetshenziswa ukukhomba izixhumanisi phakathi kwala maqembu.
• Typological. labantu Isifundo ihlukane amaqembu eyohlobo.
• Ukwakheka. Ukwahlukana uzihlanganise eyohlobo kusekelwe isici ecacile.

amaqembu ejwayelekile kufanele silwele ukungabheki ukungafani ukukhulisa zehluke nezinye futhi okunye okucishe kufane ngaphakathi. Ziyakwazi zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Eyokuqala imiswe phakathi neminyaka observation kwezibalo. amaqembu yesibili eniyenzayo esekelwe idatha etholwe.

izindlela Ukwahlukanisa Statistical

Bezisetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi akukho ithuluzi jikelele. Kuye ngokucacile futhi ethize izinkinga ukucwiliswa ukwaba ezifana izindlela kwezibalo sokuhlaziya idatha:

• Ukuthuthukiswa lwezocwaningo amathuluzi jikelele-njongo ukuthi musa acabangele izici isicelo.
• Ukudala esebenzisa onobuhle lezibalo into yangempela noma inqubo e emkhakheni othize umsebenzi.
• Ukuthuthukiswa ukusebenzisa izindlela namathuluzi ukuhlaziya idatha ethize izicelo.

izibalo osetshenziswayo

Lokhu legatsha isayensi ekucubunguleni idatha i nature ezingafanele. Njengoba isizathu zezibalo kwezibalo isicelo nezindlela zayo ukuhlaziywa kukhona izibalo zezibalo kanye okungenzeka theory. Iqala kwachazwa uhlobo idatha, kanye indlela labo lendabuko. Isebenzisa izindlela probabilistic futhi deterministic. Lesi sakamuva singabangela ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni lapho nokulahla abacwaningi ngokwanele idatha (isibonelo - imibiko izibalo isimo emizimbeni, okuncike ulwazi olunikezwa izinkampani). Kodwa ukuze uthumele imiphumela sonkana kanye ukuhlola amathemba kungenzeka kuphela ukusetshenziswa ukumodeliswa probabilistic futhi kwezibalo.

Esikhathini isimo elula amagugu idatha ekhona ukukhonza njengephayona isici ethize okuyinto eziyizici into ngaphansi cwaningo. Amapharamitha nazi ambalwa noma sekukhomba (kuncike esigabeni ukuba bangabayiphi). Indlela yesibili ngokuvamile sibonisa isici qualitative. Kuthiwani uma bathatha ezimbalwa? Noma engeza ambalwa? Khona-ke singasho ukuthi wathola Vector into. Kuthathwa ngokuthi uhlobo olusha idatha. Lapho emikhulu isampula izifundo akhiwa amaqoqo multiple of zithwala. Kubalulekile ukuba ubuyekeze futhi uphinde uhlole ulwazi wathola. Ngenxa yalesi kabusha amasampuli isetshenziswa.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, izibalo ikuvumela ukuhlela esiningi idatha kudingeka ukuthi bakwazi kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi isimo ezindaweni ezithile. Ngakho, idlala indima ebalulekile zimali ngoba ikunika ithuba lokubheka Dynamics ukukhula umnotho. Inikeza izibalo ezithakazelisayo futhi izakhamizi kanye neziphathimandla, ebatshela mayelana izinqubo kuleli zwe: ukukhula lokubala ubuningi babantu noma ehlelwa yinhlekelele, inhlalakahle ukwanda noma iconsi nokunye.