Uyini abaphathi inethiwekhi? Administration amanethiwekhi wendawo

Ekuqaleni komlando waso, wonke amakhompyutha akancike futhi wasebenza eceleni komunye nomunye. Nge ukwanda isibalo sezimoto ke kwadingeka ukuba umsebenzi wabo ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokuyinhloko, le abasebenzisi ukhathazekile ukusebenza idokhumenti efanayo. Isixazululo zalezi zinkinga ukusetshenziswa global futhi wendawo endaweni amanethiwekhi. ukwakhiwa inethiwekhi iye yabangela isidingo ukuphatha le nqubo, kanye ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. ukuphatha inethiwekhi wathatha phezu le misebenzi.

Basic inethiwekhi ukuphatha imisebenzi

Ngokusho namazinga omhlaba, ukuphatha inethiwekhi le misebenzi elandelayo:

• Fault Management. Lokhu kuhlanganisa search for eqondile kanye nokuqedwa amaphutha nokwehluleka e inethiwekhi ethile.
• Ukucushwa Management. Kumayelana ukucushwa kwe-izingxenye system, kufaka phakathi indawo yabo, ikheli inethiwekhi, izilungiselelo inethiwekhi olusebenzisayo, kanye nabanye.
• Izimali ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. inethiwekhi Administration ikhompyutha kuhlanganisa yokubhalisa nokulawula ukuladelwa izinsiza esetshenziswa kanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi.
• Ukuphathwa kokwenziwa komsebenzi. Kumayelana ukuhlinzeka imininingwane yezibalo maqondana umsebenzi inethiwekhi inkathi ethile yesikhathi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze sinciphise ezinsiza nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye ngenjongo yokuhlela ezinsiza izidingo zesikhathi esizayo.
• ukuphathwa Security. Umsebenzi unesibopho zokulawula ukufinyelela nokugcina ubuqotho yonke idatha.

amasethi ezahlukene misebenzi ehlanganiswe amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa imikhiqizo inethiwekhi.

Imithwalo yakhe adnimistartora uhlelo

Administration amanethiwekhi computer kuza ngaphansi kokulawula nesiqondiso uhlelo adnimistartora phambi lapho imisebenzi alandelayo ayatholakala:

Ihlola impilo yakho egciniwe.

• Ukulawula ekusebenzeni amanethiwekhi wendawo.
• Ukuvikela idatha nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho babo.
• Ukuvikelwa inethiwekhi ezintweni ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
• Ukulungisa ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi umsebenzisi kunethiwekhi imithombo.
• Isipele imininingwane.
• Ukusebenzisa imikhuba best lwezinhlelo ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele lezo zidingo abanazo kanye inethiwekhi imithombo.
• Ukuqhuba omagazini okhethekile kunethiwekhi.
• Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa abasebenzisi ukuqeqeshwa ku-LAN.
• Ukulawula isofthiwe iyasebenza.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukulawula inethiwekhi yendawo.
• Ukuthuthukisa ukufinyelela amalungelo inethiwekhi.
• Ukumiswa kwe-ukuguqulwa emthethweni kwe-software ukuze inethiwekhi.

Umlawuli uhlelo ubuye obhekene ukwazisa abasebenzi inkampani ethile noma inhlangano ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka inethiwekhi ukuphatha uhlelo nezindlela okungenzeka ukufinyelela okungekho emthethweni kuso.

Izici nokuhlela uhlelo nenqubo

Ngaphambi ukufakwa inethiwekhi yekhompyutha ukuze uthole izimpendulo zale mibuzo elandelayo:

• Imiphi imisebenzi ziyoxazululwa nalokho imisebenzi kuzokwenziwa uhlelo?
• Njengoba inethiwekhi ikhompyutha iyokwakhiwa? (Uhlobo zayo, umzila, njll).
• Bangaki futhi iyiphi ikhomphyutha zikhona inethiwekhi?
• Yini izinhlelo kwezokuphatha inethiwekhi izosetshenziswa?
• Iyini inhlangano inqubomgomo yokuphepha, lapho uhlelo izofakwa, njll

Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kuzodala uhlelo ngemibandela ikhompyutha inethiwekhi ethile, lapho izinto ezilandelayo zizofakwa:

• Ukulungiselela, ukuqapha nokuhlola izinhlelo ezizosetshenziselwa nsuku kunethiwekhi.
• Ukulawula ukusebenza impilo amakhompyutha esetshenziswa.
• Dlulela ukulungiselela izinqubo nokutakula isistimu uma amaphutha noma ukwehluleka.
• Ukulawula lokho ukufakwa alandelayo uhlelo olusha ngeke ibe nomthelela omubi inethiwekhi.

Ngoba konke lokhu izinjongo, udinga ukuqeqesha abasebenzi kanye nabasebenzisi.

Izinhlelo kwezokuphatha kude

Uma kudingeka, uhlelo lokulawula yokuphathwa eqhelile amanethiwekhi asetshenziselwa ngaphandle kwenhlangano. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, lisebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile elikuvumela ukuba ubonise ukulawula uhlelo futhi ukungena kokukude nge-Internet ngesikhathi sangempela. Lezi zinhlelo kunikeze ukulawula cishe ngokuphelele phezu izakhi eqhelile inethiwekhi nekhompyutha ngalinye ngokuhlukile. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ilawule kwideskithophu yekhompyutha ngamunye kunethiwekhi, ukukopisha, noma ususe amafayela ezahlukene, izinhlelo ukusebenzisa futhi izicelo, njll

Kukhona inala izinhlelo sokufinyelela kude. Zonke izinhlelo kuhluke yezifiso zabo futhi interface. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu kwesibili, esibonakalayo kungaba console noma imvelo ezibukwayo. izinhlelo ezivamile futhi ezithandwayo, isibonelo, i-Windows Desktop Remote, UltraVNC, Apple Desktop Remote, Remote Office Manager, nabanye.

isigaba inethiwekhi

Inethiwekhi iqoqo ezahlukene hardware, i-software, futhi zokuxhumana izindlela okuyinto banesibopho ukusatshalaliswa kahle kolwazi imithombo. Wonke amanethiwekhi zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

• Endaweni.
• Global.
• City.

amanethiwekhi Global okunika amandla ukuxhumana kanye nedatha lokushintshisana phakathi abasebenzisi at amabanga ezinkulu kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngo ukusebenza la amanethiwekhi angase avele ukulibala kancane ulwazi okuxhunyanwa, okuyinto okubangelwa iphansana idatha isilinganiso. Yokuhamba kancane global amanethiwekhi computer kungaba kuze izinkulungwane amakhilomitha.

amanethiwekhi Urban tisebenta kusezweni kancane, ngakho kuhlinzeke imininingwane ngokufinyelela kwi medium and ngesivinini. Ababona njengoba kancane phansi idatha njengoba global, kodwa awukwazi ukudlulisa ulwazi olude. Yokuhamba kancane ezifana amanethiwekhi computer zokhahlamba kusuka amakhilomitha amaningana beya amakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana.

LAN inikeza eliphakeme labantwana ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ngokuvamile, inethiwekhi yendawo itholakala ngaphakathi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izakhiwo, nokwephuza yayo ikhilomitha engaphansi. Ngokuvamile, i-inethiwekhi yendawo Kwakhiwani oyedwa inhlangano ethile noma ibhizinisi.

Izindlela nokudluliswa kwemininingwane kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi

Indlela ngokudlulisa ulwazi in the amanethiwekhi global kanye lendawo, ezahlukene. inethiwekhi ikhompyutha Global ngokuyinhloko igxile uxhumano, ie, ngaphambi kokuthi ukudlulisa idatha phakathi ezimbili umsebenzisi kumele kuqala ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo. I-computer wendawo ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela angadingi pre-ukufakwa zokuxhumana. Kulokhu, ulwazi ithunyelwa kumsebenzisi ngaphandle isiqinisekiso ukulungela yayo.

Ngaphezu umehluko isivinini, kunezinye umehluko phakathi lezi zigaba amanethiwekhi. Uma kuziwa amanethiwekhi wendawo endaweni, kukhona wonke amakhompuyutha unendlela yawo Iseluleki Sokufaka Iphrinta Yenethiwekhi exhumanisa ke kwamanye amakhompyutha. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo kumanethiwekhi ezisemadolobheni isebenzisa amadivayisi usuke ekhethekile, kuyilapho wonke-endaweni amanethiwekhi zisebenzisa imizila enamandla ukuthi oxhumene imigudu yokuxhumana.

ingqalasizinda Network

Inethiwekhi ikhompyutha siqukethe izingxenye okungase zib amaqembu ahlukile:

• Active imishini inethiwekhi.
• Ikhebula uhlelo.
• amathuluzi wezokuxhumana.
• izicelo Network.
• yezifiso Network.
• Amasevisi Network.

Ngayinye yalezi amazinga has sublayers yayo futhi izingxenye ezengeziwe. Wonke amadivayisi ukuxhumeka kunethiwekhi ekhona kumelwe ukudlulisa idatha ngokuhambisana algorithm kuyothathwa kuqondwe ngamanye amadivayisi ohlelweni.

imisebenzi inethiwekhi ekuphathweni

abaphathi Network ilindele ukusebenza ohlelweni oluthile emazingeni ahlukahlukene. Ephambi kwezinduna kumanethiwekhi yenkampani phambi nokuphathwa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukuhlelwa inethiwekhi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukufakwa kohlelo kanye ukufakwa kuzo zonke izingxenye kuvame ehilelekile ochwepheshe ezifanele, umlawuli nethiwekhi ukushintsha uhlelo njalo ngokwanele, ikakhulukazi ukususa noma wengeze izingxenye ngabanye kuwo.
• Ilungiselela ISIZINDA inethiwekhi. Administration amanethiwekhi wendawo, kulesi simo ilindele umsebenzi esisebenzayo imishini inethiwekhi, iningi iphrinta yenethiwekhi.
• Ilungiselela amasevisi enethiwekhi. Inethiwekhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ungaba isethi olubanzi amasevisi enethiwekhi ezifaka ingqalasizinda, izinhlu, amafayela ukuphrinta, ukufinyelela egciniwe, njll ..
• Ukuxazulula. abaphathi Network esebona search ikhono wonke amaphutha kungenzeka, ezisukela nezinkinga nge-router, futhi izinkinga izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yezifiso kanye nezinsizakalo.
• Ukufakwa zenethiwekhi yezifiso. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umsebenzi ezifana bekuhlela ne ukucushwa okwalandela of zenethiwekhi yezifiso, hlola them ukunquma ukucushwa elilungile.
• Ukuthola izindlela ukwandisa nekusebenta inethiwekhi. Ikakhulu, imayelana lokuthola netivimba zidinga esikhundleni zedivayisi.
• Ukuqapha inethiwekhi ISIZINDA kanye kwenethiwekhi.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kolwazi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isipele idatha yakho, ukuthuthukiswa-akhawunti yenqubomgomo yokuvikeleka, ukusetshenziswa nokuxhumana evikelekile kanye nabanye.

Zonke lezi zinto kufanele kwenziwe kuqondane and ngokucophelela.

amathuluzi Ezokuphepha ekuphathweni

amathuluzi Ezokuphepha ekuphathweni esebona umsebenzi tinkhombandlela eziningana:

• Ukusabalalisa ulwazi olufanele ezidingekile ukuphepha izimali.
• Ukuqoqwa kanye nokuhlaziywa ukusebenza izindlela sokuphepha kwedatha.

Administration amanethiwekhi wendawo, kulesi simo, kuhlanganisa umsebenzi nge nohlaka lokulawulwa ulwazi lwezokuphepha. Imisebenzi adnimistartora kulo magazini zihlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Generation futhi uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha okhiye.
• Lungiselela futhi uphathe ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi.
• ukubethela ukuphathwa ngokusebenzisa kriptoparametrov ezifanele.
• Setha uphinde ulawule nezimoto nomzila.

Umlawuli hlelo kufanele futhi basakaza ulwazi kubasebenzisi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze umuntu ubuqiniso kuphumelele (amaphasiwedi, okhiye, njll).

Ukuvikela uhlelo kusuka ku-malware

Ngo-Microsoft Windows kukhona ilungiselelo elikhethekile kolwazi sesevisi, ehlinzekwa unesibopho ukuvikela ohlelweni kusuka isofthiwe enonya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokusebenza libuye libe imisebenzi isivikelo nokugenca futhi ngokuzenzekelayo yonke idatha. Naphezu kwalokhu, umlawuli wohlelo liyadingeka imisebenzi eyengeziwe nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela inethiwekhi yekhompyutha:

• Finyelela kukhompyutha ngokusebenzisa i-ID kudivayisi ehlukile.
• Ukuvimbela ukungena ulwazi ngemoto esikhiphekayo.
• Ukubethela of kwisitoreji semidiya esikhiphekayo, nabanye.

amanethiwekhi Ukuqondiswa kwabona izenzo okuhloswe ngaso ukuqaliswa izinqubomgomo zokuphepha, ukuthembeka nokutholakala inethiwekhi ulwazi imithombo. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, isofthiwe efanele futhi hardware njengoba umlawuli wohlelo umemezela eziningi yemfanelo kanye nemisebenzi.