Uyini eukaryotes: definition, izici kwesakhiwo

Uyini eukaryote? Impendulo yalo mbuzo itholakala isakhiwo izici izinhlobo ezihlukene zamangqamuzana. Ezicashile inhlangano yawo sibheka kulesi sihloko.

izici Bezakhiwe yeseli

Amaseli eziphilayo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka criteria ehlukahlukene. Omunye wabo - inhlangano impahla lezinceku eziqukethwe molecule e-DNA. Eukaryotes - eziphilayo okungukuthi, e lamaseli lihlotshiswe ikhenela. Lokhu organelle dvumembrannaya ehlanganisa zofuzo. Ngo prokaryotes, lesi sakhiwo engekho. La magciwane kukhona zonke izinhlobo zama-bacterium futhi archaea.

Isakhiwo amaseli prokaryotic

Ukungabikho ikhenela akusho ukuthi izinto eziphilayo prokaryotic akuyona impahla sitholwa njengefa. Liphinde okubhalwe ku ukulandelana nucleotide. Nokho, ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo akuyona ahlotshiswe core kanye emelelwa olulodwa isiyingi DNA. Ibizwa ngokuthi plasmid. molecule anjalo unamathele ebusweni engaphakathi ulwelwesi plasma. Amaseli yalolu hlobo nazo bancishwa eziningi organelles ethize. eziphilayo Prokaryotic libhekene bakudala, usayizi amancane ezingeni eliphansi inhlangano.

Uyini eukaryote?

Leli qembu elikhulu eziphilayo zihlanganisa abameleli zonke izitshalo, izilwane kanye nesikhunta. Ama-virus amafomu non-yeselula zokuphila, ngakho kule ngezigaba awacatshangwa.

Ebusweni iyunithi iseli prokaryotes emelelwa ulwelwesi plasma, futhi okuqukethwe yangaphakathi - cytoplasm. Lena imvelo yangaphakathi semi uketshezi, eyenza umsebenzi asekelayo, luhlanganisa konke izakhiwo ndawonye. Ukuze amaseli prokaryotes nazo libhekene khona eziningi organelles ethize. Lesi sakhiwo Golgi, endoplpzmaticheskaya inethiwekhi plastids lysosomes. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi eukaryotes - eziphilayo ungaphakathi amaseli angenazo mitochondria. Kodwa akunjalo. Lezi organelles kumaseli eukaryotic kukhona indawo kumiswa molecule ATP amandla yenethiwekhi kuseli.

Eukaryotes: eziphilayo izibonelo

Eukaryotes kukhona ezintathu imibuso nemvelo. Nokho, naphezu ukufana ezitokisini zabo kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo libhekene equkethe organelles ezikhethekile chloroplast. Kuyinto kulezi inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi photochemical kwenzeka ukuguqulela inorganics ukuba glucose ne-oksijini. amaseli Animal izakhiwo ezinjalo akudingeki. Bayakwazi ukuba zikwazi ukuthola izakhi ngomumo kuphela. Umehluko phakathi isakhiwo kanye nesakhiwo apharathasi ebusweni. Ngo amaseli isilwane ulwelwesi plasma iyona glycocalyx. Kuyinto viscous ebusweni ungqimba sosotoyaschy amaprotheni, lipids kanye carbohydrate. Ukuze izitshalo, libhekene odongeni cell. Itholakala kwi-plasma ulwelwesi. Iseli odongeni ebizwa ngokuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi carbohydrate cellulose kanye pectin, okuyinto lona amandla futhi rigidity.

Yiziphi eukaryotes, okumelelwe iqembu isikhunta? Amaseli zalezi zinto ezimangalisayo sihlanganise izici isakhi kokubili ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Isakhiwo cell odongeni yabo carbohydrate kukhona cellulose futhi chitin. Nokho, abazi aqukethe chloroplast tsitoplpzma, ngakho-ke, sengathi isilwane amaseli, uyakwazi kuphela ukuphakela indlela heterotrophic.

Izici ezithuthukisiwe indlela akheke ngayo eukaryotes

Kungani zonke eukaryotes kukhona eziphilayo eziye izuzwe amazinga aphezulu yentuthuko kanye chithi iplanethi? Okokuqala, sibonga ezingeni lelisetulu lunye ka organelles yabo. Ring molekuda DNA eziqukethwe amaseli kwamagciwane, inikeza indlela elula of ukwanda kwabo - cell division e ezimbili. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo ukhiqiza ngqo ikhophi zofuzo kumaseli indodakazi. Lokuzaliswa yalolu hlobo ngokuqinisekile kuqinisekisa ngokuqhubeka izizukulwane futhi ahlinzeke ukudlala ngokwanele okusheshayo amaseli anjalo. Nokho, ukubukeka izinhlamvu ezintsha kule ukuhlukana ezimbili, futhi inkulumo ngeke uhambe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo, la magciwane bengayi. Ukuze amaseli eukaryotic isici inqubo ngokobulili. Ngokuhamba yayo, kukhona exchange kolwazi zofuzo recombination yayo. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu bazalwa, izimpawu ezintsha ngokuvamile ewusizo, okuyinto ilungiswe genotype yabo futhi angadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lena ukubonakaliswa ukushintshashintsha zofuzo, okuyinto isisekelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sabuka lokho eukaryotes. Lo mqondo i umzimba ogama amaseli aqukethe i-nucleus. Leli qembu eziphilayo zihlanganisa abameleli zonke izitshalo nezilwane, kanye nesikhunta. Umnyombo kuyinto unomphela iseli isakhiwo esihlinzeka isitoreji futhi ukudluliswa zofuzo informitsii eziphilayo okubhalwe ukulandelana nucleotide ka molecule e-DNA.