Uyazi ukuthi ubani kuyinto abagxeki?

Amafilosofi okwakuyinsakavukela izikhathi phambi kwesihlalo sokwahlulela sikaKristu, wavama ngemigomo ehlukahlukene, Emabitomvama nokunye. Ezinye zazo "yasinda 'kuze kube namuhla futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, ngubani abagxeki, igama elithi "omuhle" futhi nezinye izinkulumo, ngisho nezingane ukwazi. Nokho, akubona bonke uyazi umsuka umsuka igama elithile noma ethi. Cabanga ukuthi igama elithi "abagxeki" ngokuningiliziwe.

imfundiso zefilosofi

Scepticism wazalwa ekuqa- 4-3 eminyaka BC. e., cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nezimfundiso ezifana isikole kumaStoyiku Epicureanism. Umsunguli lo mkhuba zefilosofi ubhekwa umculi ngesiGreki Pyrrho, ngubani wasungula izakhi angaphandle ezifana izikole Hellenic sisonke, njengoba "sengqondo ngabandayo", "ongangeneki", "umkhuba wokusebenzisa non-ukwahlulela."

Uma sicabanga ukuthi ubani abagxeki, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa isikhathi, singasho-ke ndoda akazange azame ukufinyelela iqiniso bemvelo, awuzami ukuba uqonde izwe, futhi uthathe izinto njengoba babenjalo. Futhi lelo kwaba umcondvo lomcoka endzabeni kanye nezimfundiso Pyrrho, okuyinto zefilosofi ehola kwenkathi.

izigaba yentuthuko

ososayensi uyangabaza minyaka emithathu nezikhathi yentuthuko:

• Pyrrhonism Lesiphakeme (ekhulwini lesi-3 BC). Le mfundiso besihambisana nesiminyaminya sisasebenza, enkabeni yalo walala 'izimiso'. Abasunguli - Pyrrho futhi umfundi wakhe Timon, ogama imfundiso ukuthonywa isimo sengqondo kumaStoyiku izazi.
• Zezemfundo (3-2 ekhulwini BC). Abamele le legatsha wamemezela zokungabaza ezibucayi ifomu theory.
• Junior Pyrrhonism. Ifilosofi eyinhloko lo mkhuba - Agripha Enesidem nabasekeli babe odokotela, kuhlanganise Sekst Empirik ezaziwayo. Le nkathi libhekene systematization izimfundiso-agumenti. Ngakho, ezindleleni emelelwa Enesidemom, uchaza izimiso eziyisisekelo ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento ngokwazi konke emhlabeni ngosizo izinzwa. Kamuva, lezi zimpikiswano ziye waqinisa esimweni olulodwa phezu kwezinto okuqonda.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo yokufundisa

Ukunikeza incazelo egcwele ngubani abagxeki, ukunikeza ulwazi olulandelayo. Abamele lo mbono akaphiki iqiniso isitatimende, kodwa abazange balamukele ukuthi yiqiniso leli. Lokhu kusebenza yonke imikhakha - inkolo, eyala zesayensi (i-physics, izibalo, nokunye), ukuphilisa nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, uNkulunkulu ukhona abagxeki musa ukuphika, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abazange bazithathe yiluphi uhlangothi olulodwa noma omunye umbono mayelana nesimo oPhezukonke, izimfanelo zakhe, njalo njalo. Ngokusho kwabo, lokho awukwazi uzizwe noma ukuqonda, ahlulele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthi ungakwazi ukuthinta, ukunambitha noma uzizwe nezinye izindikimba, akunakwenzeka ukuhlola ngokucacile, kusukela bezibona lilinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke kungcono uyeke noma isiphi isahlulelo noma izimpawu, kodwa umane wamukele konke njengoba sinjalo.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuthambekela zefilosofi kwadingeka abasekeli abaningi imithi. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ubani abagxeki kule ndawo, singaqokomisa egomela esilandelayo: "Udokotela akufanele baqagela ubunjalo isifo, kudingeka sibeke kuphela yokuthi lesi sifo futhi ukurekhoda izimpawu. Futhi kubalulekile ukuba sisebenzise impatho kahle aziwayo iziguli. "

Ngakho-ke, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi umuntu ongenayo ukuhlola izenzakalo, izinto, futhi akusho nika imibono yabo subjective kuyinto abagxeki. Synonyms of izwi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa esikhathini sethu, kulokhu okushiwo ukubaluleka kwangempela, ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, nihilist (umuntu ophika ukuphila), eninokholo oluncane ngisho engenathemba.

Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi ososayensi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni jikelele lesintu. Kungenzeka balahle izahlulelo eyiphutha, enqabelo ebekwa ezikoleni zenkolo.