Utamatisi i ekhanyayo edolobheni: Ukutshala futhi ekhula

Summer - isikhathi lapho iningi lezakhamuzi ethunyelwe Cottages abo ilindele nakho entsha ukutshala imifino kanti ukusebenza izithelo. Yikuphi indawo ongakwenza ngaphandle okumnandi, enamakha ikhaya utamatisi? Moscow - yindawo lapho ungakwazi ukhule isivuno ocebile utamatisi. Kulokhu, kufanele sina ukusondela ukukhetha izinhlobo futhi ufunde ezinye zezici zalo. Namuhla sizokubonisa indlela yokutshala utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni.

sezulu Regional

esifundeni eMoscow libhekene lokushisa yayo yezwekazi ngokulinganisela. Winter ulapha uya ngempela ngokushelela ngaphandle yesithwathwa ezinzima. Summer ngokuvamile ezinomswakama, nemvula njalo. lokushisa Iningi esiphezulu ifinyelela degrees 19. Futhi ngaphansi sezulu okunjalo, kudingeka uthole imbewu enhle. Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe umbuzo kanjani okutshalwe utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni, cabanga abameleli ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukulima.

utamatisi izinhlobo

Kuze kube manje, kukhona Ukukhetha elikhulu imbewu. Ngezansi, sinalo izinhlobonhlobo utamatisi ngoba endle edolobheni, okuyinto engcono ingashintshwa kule zoni sezulu:

1. uju Pink. On izwe evulekile endaweni ehlathini ukuphakama engakhuli kunangendlela 80 cm. Izithelo zinkulu. Elinesimo elikhanyayo orange imibala ukunambitheka amnandi.
2. inkosi laseSiberia. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene kungokwalabo abameleli phakathi-umndeni. isihlahla okuphezulu. ukuphakama kwalo bengase bazikhandlele 1.5 2 amamitha. Kudingeka ukuba abophe. izithelo ezivuthiwe zinkulu kakhulu. Isisindo sawo sifinyelela 700-800 amagremu. Ifomu utamatisi amise okwenhliziyo, ophuzi.
3. Black Mikado. Izithelo akhiwa ngokushesha. Umbala we utamatisi - kusuka obomvu amnyama ukuba ensundu. Inyama ushukela, kodwa ephethe ukunambitheka kancane omuncu.
4. Truffle. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene ilungele brining. Utamatisi ku ehlathini sikhule imibala ehlukene: ophuzi, obomvu, konsundu. Usayizi utamatisi ezincane.
5. Kenigsberg igolide. Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobonhlobo utamatisi ophuzi umbala kulezi uginindela kuyinto esinamanzi, namanzi futhi amnandi. Isisindo izithelo ngamunye 300-400 amagremu. Growing utamatisi endle edolobheni Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
6. Isimangaliso Somhlaba. Lona omele bhá ukuthi ziyizinhlobo eziningi kanjani ophuzi. Ngenxa uginindela nokunwebeka efanelekayo salting futhi zokuyithambisa. Izithelo kukhona okumnandi, kodwa ngokulinganisela ene-asidi. Kuyinto izinhlobo sekwephuzile of utamatisi, okuyinto cishe engakutholanga izifo.
7. Stellate. Lokhu omele poludeterminantnogo izinhlobo. Utamatisi i ekhanyayo emadolobheni asemaphethelweni kulolu hlobo kuyizinto ezivamile. Ukuphakama ehlathini ongafinyelela 180 cm.
8. Budenovka. On isihlahla esincane utamatisi ikhule izithelo esikhulu zihlukile ukunambitheka uginindela amnandi futhi esinamanzi.
9. Grandee. Lona phakathi ebangeni utamatisi. Inyama utamatisi has a bright njengegazi umbala. Isisindo omunye utamatisi - mayelana 500 amagremu.
10. Pops. isihlahla High ngokupheleleyo dibikeza utamatisi izithelo. Izinhlobonhlobo kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa fresh noma usawoti. Utamatisi ngeke agcinwe. Izithelo abe luhlaza obomvu nge endaweni ophuzi ngasesinqeni.
11. Uju iconsi. Lezi utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni ukuhlobisa ngadi. Manje, kusayithi ungakwazi ukhule cherry yakho utamatisi, okuyinto babe umbala ophuzi kanye bumnandi.

Sinike izinhlobo ezivamile. Manje-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela izici utamatisi ezikhulayo.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi zokutshala

Ngaphambi ukutshala utamatisi udinga ukuthi ucabange ngalokhu izinga kwenhlabathi. ekuwulungiseleleni kumele kuqale ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• udinga ukukhulula izwe kusukela amahlamvu ezindala kanye namakhambi;
• phansi ukuhlanzwa kufanele ulifafaze Bordeaux uketshezi;
• Thina uqhubekele kokukhulelwa inhlabathi salokhu ukuletha ezweni lakwa-potassium chloride futhi superphosphate in inani 60 amagremu per imitha square inhlabathi;
• Simba phansi, kungakangeni ubusika a ka 30-35 cm ukujula.

Yileyondlela sizilungisile phansi esizeni esisha utamatisi zokutshala. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lokho esinakho phambi elinde ukulungiswa imbewu nezithombo ezikhulayo. Kufanele atshele konke ukuze.

Ukulungiswa eyinhloko ukutshala izithombo

It kufanele ilungiselele kahle phansi futhi kufanale agqoke izikhindi zangaphansi. Kwakamuva ngaphambi kokutshala kahle sihlanzwe ngamanzi futhi ziphathwe Blowtorch, ukubulala wonke amabhaktheriya. Ifanele izithombo ezikhulayo futhi Turf noma izitsha zobumba, izinkomishi epulasitiki. Kufanele nje uxubha kahle ngamanzi afudumele. Emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu wonke amabhokisi zigcwele inhlabathi futhi uwagcine endaweni efudumele. Ngokushesha ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2 phansi kudingekile elachithwa isixazululo ezibuthakathaka potassium permanganate, i-potassium permanganate isb ngesikhathi isilinganiso 10 amagremu lomcebo ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi.

Ukulungiselela inoculum

It is hhayi Kunconywa ukubeka imbewu engahloliwe futhi ongaqeqeshiwe. Uma wathenga imbewu esitolo kungenzeka siwukuthi cha bonke of them iyoqhuma yini. Ukuze Zikhipha nekonditsiyu, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Thayipha ingilazi yamanzi.
2. Engeza 10 amagremu kasawoti.
3. Thela imbewu.
4. Imbewu, okuyinto sekukhona, kubalulekile ukususa kusukela ingilazi futhi ukuxosha lonke hashaza ngaphansi kwamanzi agelezayo.

Ukuze aqinisekise ikusasa yisithombo izifo, imbewu kufanele disinfected. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza lokhu okulandelayo:

1. I beaker u buhlanjululwe ababuthakathaka isixazululo potassium permanganate.
2. Beka imbewu ehlanzekile ihlelwa.
3. Yima imizuzu 20-30.
4. Bahlanza.
5. Omisiwe.

Manje, ukutshalwa utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni kuphumelela, sibeka yonke imithetho izithombo, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo uyonikeza isivuno esikhulu utamatisi.

imbewu zokutshala

Ukuze wenze izithombo ezinhle, sizobe ukukutshela izimfihlo ezimbalwa:

Ithiphu 1. Ukuze izithombo babe asezingeni elifanele, imbewu abatshalwé ibhokisi at ibanga 3 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo bonke bemi isikhala sokukhula kanye indawo ukuhlelwa amabutho.

Ithiphu 2: Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma ukuphakama izithombo wethu ukufinyelela 6-8 cm, kungenzeka ukwenza Umanyolo okubanzi.

Ithiphu 3. Ngemva kokuphuza ngamunye fafaza umoba ezweni. Lokhu kuzokwenza Pick ngolunye usuku.

Ithiphu 4. Uma izithombo anda, ngaphambi kokutshala ekhanyayo kungcono uyibambe greenhouse kancane. Desirably ukumelana zinesilinganiso sezinga lokushisa therein degree angaba 18 nobusuku - mayelana 6.

Ithiphu 5. Ukuze izithombo esenamandla, ongama ukuqina yayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuchitha komoya okuhle we abamba ukushisa. Uma kungekho frost, kutuswa ukushiya abamba ukushisa ivulekile ubusuku bonke.

Ithiphu 6. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi yisithombo ukukhula kufanele kube okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ukubamba umquba. Sekwenzekile nokusetshenziswa urea kanye superphosphate.

Indlela ukutshala

Ngaphambi kokwehla kuyokwenzeka utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni, kudingeka alungiselele umhlaba ngemva ebusika. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo:

1. umquba. Ngenxa yalesi umquba ukusetshenziswa - 7 kg, superphosphate - 50 amagremu, Urea - 30 g kanye potassium chloride - 40, bonke kusekelwe eyodwa imitha square.
2. Simba phansi futhi Harrow ke.
3. izimbobo Ukupheka zokutshala. usayizi sawo kufanele sibe ngu-30 cm.
4. impande ngamunye Kunconywa utamatisi isitshalo at ibanga 50 cm komunye nomunye.
5. Ngemva zonke irowu 4th noma 5th ukushiya ithrekhi, okungase 50-60 cm ububanzi.
6. Utamatisi etshalwe ekhanyayo kuhamba phambili e maphakathi no-May.
7. Ngokushesha ungenza utamatisi Umanyolo wokuqala engadini. Ngenxa yale njongo 10 amalitha amanzi enyakaza mullein, urea, superphosphate kanye nokhuni umlotha.

Manje uhlala nje anakekele bese ulinda isivuno esiyigugu.

Ukunakekela Utamatisi

Ngakho manje unayo kusayithi lakho sikhule utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni. Ukunakekela kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi zilungile. Ake sibone indlela yokukwenza:

• ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila utamatisi ngaphansi esiluhlaza ngenkasa kufanele sigcwaliswe wokunisela. isihlahla ngasinye Kunconywa 2 amalitha amanzi;
• ngenyanga ngemuva zitshala ekwazi yesibili kwakwakhe umquba;
• kusifanele isikhathi ukususa zonke izingane zokutholwa ke kungenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-8, lapho ubukhulu babo kuba 3-4 cm;
• khumbula ukuthi inhlabathi kumele kube esemanzi njalo.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ukwenza ukunakekelwa nokutshala utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni.

ukuvuna

Ukuzinika isikhathi ukutshala nokunakekela utamatisi, uthola umphumela omuhle. Ukuqoqa utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni kungaba lapho they finyelela khula blanzhevoy noma nje njengoba ezimhlophe. Ngenxa yokushoda kwelanga, balimi eziningi zisebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi yokuvuthwa. Kuyasiza ukugcina izithelo kusukela bola. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuqoqa wonke utamatisi, wafaka egumbini lapho ukupholisa lusebenza kahle futhi izinga lokushisa kugcinwa phakathi 22-24 degrees. Kule ndlela isetshenziswa cishe yonke abalimi sikhule utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni. Temperature ivumela izithelo ukuvuthwa hhayi ukuwohloka.

Ekuphetheni

Namuhla siye sakwazi Umbuzo othakazelisayo kanjani sikhule utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni. Kubhekwe amathiphu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukulungiselela, ukulima kanye ekunakekeleni notamatisi. Manje uzokwazi ukusingatha kuleli zwe ukuvuna izithelo okumnandi kakhulu futhi amnandi. Ukutadishwa kakhudlwana futhi okubonakalayo umbuzo indlela yokutshala utamatisi e ekhanyayo edolobheni, imiyalelo isiqophi zibonisa ngokuningiliziwe isinyathelo ngasinye.