USarah Bernhardt: biography kanye nendlela yokudala yomdlali wesithombe (isithombe)

USarah Bernhardt, umlingisi wezehlakalo, owokuqala umlando emlandweni owawuhlanganisa amazwe namazwekazi emhlabeni wonke amashumi eminyaka, wazalwa eParis ngo-Okthoba 22, 1844. Umama kaSara, uJudith ongumJuda (ngokusho kwamanye imithombo, uJudit), wakhulela emndenini kaMoritz Baruch Bernardt noSara Hirsch. Ngokuqondene nobaba we-actress omkhulu, akunakwenzeka ukulandelela ngokuqinisekile igama lakhe nemvelaphi yakhe.

USarah Bernhardt, ongu-biography wakhe uqukethe amakhasi ezinhlobo ezahluke kakhulu, wakhulela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabahamba ngezinyawo, ngoba unina wayengenalo umsebenzi futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abe khona ngenxa yabathandekayo abacebile ngobuhle besifazane. Ukuphila kowesifazane omuhle ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nohambo olude. Owesifazane akayena owakhe, ngoba ubophezelekile ukufeza izimo zekhontrakthi engabhalwanga. Ngakho-ke, uSara omncane wahlala ekunakekeleni ama-nannies angamahle futhi wakhulela esimweni sokuchuma okuncane, kodwa ngaphandle kokuthandana komama.

Ubuntwana obukhathazayo

Ngelinye ilanga, kwalimala intombazane. Umhlengikazi olandelayo akazange alandele, uSara wafika eduze nomlilo ovuthayo, futhi izingubo zakhe zavutha. Omakhelwane bamemeza ngokukhala komntwana, futhi konke kwahamba kahle, nakuba le ntombazane yayesaba ukufa. UJudith, ngemva kokufunda ngalokho okwakwenzekile, wanquma ukungashiyi indodakazi yakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uSara uhlale nomama wakhe. Ngenhlanhla, ngaleso sikhathi, uJudith wayenomusa njalo, indlebe kaDe Morny, owayeyindoda engokomoya. Wayewuthanda ngobuqotho isihlalo sobukhosi, ngakho-ke waqala ukuhlanganyela ekupheleni kwendodakazi yakhe.

"I-Comedie Francaise"

Lapho uSara ephenduka iminyaka engu-9 ubudala, wathunyelwa esikoleni esiyimfihlo eGrandhamp. UDe Morny waqiniseka ukuthi intombazane yafundiswa futhi ayidingi lutho. Ukuphila komdlali wesonto elizayo kwaqala ukuthola iziqephu ezithize. Uqedile izifundo zakhe futhi wanquma ukufezekisa iphupho lakhe elithandekayo lokuba ngumdlali we-actress. Uphinde, umngane womndeni, u-Count De Morny, wamsiza, owathatha uSara Bernard oneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili waya kumqondisi weComedie Française yaseshashalazini. Wayemangalisa kakhulu: "Utholile kakhulu esiteji" - uthe. Noma kunjalo, uSarah Bernhardt, owakhe wavula ikhasi elisha, wamukelwa enkampanini, futhi lokhu kwaba injabulo enkulu intombazane.

Ukuqala komdlalo

Ibanga lokudlala likaSarah Bernhard lenzeke ngoSeptemba 1, 1862 emdlalweni othi "Iphigenia e-Aulis" ngu-playwright uJean Baptiste Racine. Ngaphambi kokuya esiteji, umdlali weqhaza waqala ukukhathazeka. Lapho ikhethini liqala ukuhamba kancane, uSara waphazamiseka. Le ntombazane yazamazama kakhulu, futhi akumangalisi ukuthi abagxeki babemdumisa ngokubambisana nomdlali we-actress ngokubukeka kwakhe okuhle futhi bambeka "isenzo" sokwenza. "Kusukela manje, umphakathi wePhalamende waseParis ungase uhloniphe izinwele zegolide zikaSarah Bernhardt, kodwa kungaphezu kwalokho," kusho amaphephandaba.

Ukubaluleka

Noma kunjalo, impendulo engalungile iphinde ibe impendulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abagxeki bezingcingo abazange bacabange ngomlingisi wensimbi we-actress wokuqala. Ngemva kwesikhashana, uSara washiya "i-Comedy Francaise" futhi waqala ukudlala izindima zokuqala kwezinye izinkundla zeshashalazi. Babe "Odeon", "Gymnasium", "Port-Saint-Martin". Ukusebenza ngakunye, lapho umdlali wezandla ehlanganyela khona, waba umdwebo wobuciko obuhle kakhulu. Umphakathi wabulala uSarah Bernard, nomqondisi we-Comedie Française izintambo ezinamathele. Kodwa-ke, njengoba edlale cishe zonke izindima ze-classic, iZaire, Desdemona, Fedra, Andromache nabanye abaningi, uBernard wabuyela eNdlini kaMoere njengowokuqala, lapho ethola khona ngezandla ezivulekile.

USarah Bernhardt namadayimane

Umdlali we-actress waphinde washaqeka izilaleli zezemidlalo ngokudlala uMargarita Gautier emdlalweni othi "Lady with the Camellias" ngu-Alexandre Dumas. Umlobi uVictor Hugo, owesabeka ngobuqotho bukaSar Bernard, wanikeza amadayimane njengezinyembezi ekhoneni legolide. "Lezi yizinyembezi zomphefumulo wami," esho. Umlingisi isikhathi eside wagcina umgexo njengesipho esibi kakhulu, njengokubaluleka okunamandla kwethalenta lakhe. Ubucwebe uSarah Bernhardt wayethanda indlela owesifazane wabo weqiniso ayithanda ngayo, wakhonza amadayimane. Ababongi be-actress bazi lokhu futhi behlukumezeka basebenzise ubuthakathaka bukaSara, bembuza ngezipho zenani elikhulu.

UBernard akazange amshiye izindwangu zakhe zasekhaya lapho edinga ukuvakasha. Wonke amadayimane ayegcwele uphiko oluqinile futhi yonke indawo yayilandela inkosikazi yayo. Umphefumulo uBernard akazange azizwe ukuthula kwengqondo, wayesaba ukuhlasela nokuphanga. Futhi ukumelana nabaphangi, lona wesifazane obuthakathaka wayehlala ethwala abahlengikazi besifazane abancane. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ekhulwini lama-20, uSarah Bernhard wayenomlandeli. Kwakungu-Consuela Velasquez odume emhlabeni wonke odumile emhlabeni, umbhali wengoma ethi "Bezame Mucho", ngesikhathi esingenamandla. UCusuela wahamba naye emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuhlobisa, nemali, kodwa kwakuningi labo.

Izinduna zamadoda

U-revolver esikhwameni sokuhamba sikaSarah Bernhardt wakhuluma ngokungaqondile ngaye njengomlingiswa oqinile womuntu. Lezi zibonakaliso zobungqingili, ngomqondo omuhle, ziboniswe ngobuciko bomdlali we-actress. Wadlala indima eminingi yamadoda, kuhlanganise iHamlet, i-Orlyonok, i-Werther, i-Lorenzaccio, i-Zanetto.

Kumelwe ngithi uHamlet owenziwe uBernard wanqoba uStanislavsky, owayengumuntu osemusha, kodwa wayeseqonda kakade ukusetshenziswa kwezobuciko. UConstantin Sergeyevich, naye, kungenzeka ukuthi anikeze idayimani lomdlali uma beba naye.

Kamuva, u-Stanislavsky wayevame ukuphawula uSarah Bernhardt njengendlela ephelele yokuphelela, izwi lakhe elikhulumayo ngokwemvelo, isichazamazwi esingenakuqondakala, isiko langaphakathi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqonda okujulile komlingiswa.

Ngempela, lo mdlali wesifazane wayenombono omkhulu kakhulu womzwelo womuntu, kwakungekho ukubonakaliswa okunjalo komphefumulo wesifazane (futhi ngesinye isikhathi owesilisa), okwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi uBernard abe nomfanekiso wesimo sakhe. Izinguquko ze-Organic kusukela ekuhluphekeni kuya enjabulweni, kusukela ekuthandweni kuya ekufuthekeni - lokhu kuyikhono leqiniso lomculi. Umlingisi uSarah Bernhardt wadlala ukuze uStanislavsky athi kuphela odumile - "Ngiyakholwa ..."

"Ukukhuluma" kwalokhu wesifazane, "ukuhleba" kwakhe, ikhono "lokuphuza," "ukukhahlaza" - kwakungeyona nje ithalenta lomdlali omkhulu, isipho sikaNkulunkulu esikhulu. USarah Bernhardt, isithombe sakhe asingashiyi emaphephandabeni nasemaphephandabeni, akakwazanga ukuhamba ngezinyawo, wavimbezelwa nxazonke ngabalandeli. Lezi zinyatheliswa emaphephandabeni ezenzelwe ukuvakasha ezungeze iYurophu, futhi kamuva eMelika, zazifana nemibiko evela ngaphambili ngesikhathi sempi, isitayela esifanayo, imigomo efanayo - "Itheyetha Ezingqungqutheleni", "Lokhu kunqoba, abagxekayo bayamahloni," "Napoleon Ngangingazi lokho kunqoba. " Ngokuvamile, izinto eziphathelene nama-divas avela emacinini amasha zifaka imilayezo kahulumeni kanye nemibiko ebalulekile yezomnotho. USara Bernhardt, umlingisi Futhi intandokazi kazwelonke, ngaso sonke isikhathi yayizungezwe izintatheli, ngombuthano oqinile wobumbano obhaliwe, futhi wayengenakujwayela.

AmaFans

Isikhathi esiningi i-superstar yathatha izinkontileka zokukhangisa. Imimoya nesepha, amaglavu kanye ne-powder - kuzo zonke izinto ezibizayo zamafutha kwakungugama likaSarah Bernhardt. Kodwa yini isici, wayengakaze abe isithombe. Wayekhulekelwa, ekhonzwa, ethandwa futhi edunyiswa ngazo zonke izindlela, kodwa kwakungekho ukukhulekela izithombe. Abantu bazizwa umphefumulo ovulekile we-actress, ubungane bakhe futhi bamphendula ngendlela efanayo. Ngokungafani nomama wakhe, uSara wazihlukanisa namadoda acebile angathanda ukusondela kuye.

USarah Bernhardt, ongu-biography wakhe omfushane uqukethe amakhasi amaningana azinikezele empilweni yakhe, ehola, njengokungathi, ubukhona obubili. Ebuya enkundleni yaseshashalazini futhi ewela emgodini wefulethi lakhe, umlingisi washiya ngaphandle kobuciko obuhle futhi wangena esikhaleni sakhe somuntu siqu.

Impahla yasekhaya

Umlingisi wadala umhlaba wakhe omncane ekhaya. Wakha izithombe, izithombe ezibunjiwe, wabhala izindaba ezimfushane nemidlalo ehlekisayo. Indlu kaSarah Bernhardt yayigcwele zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, izinja namakati ayegubungele phansi, izinyoka zazinqanda nxazonke. Ngelinye ilanga wathenga umkhumbi wangempela ogcwele isilikhi esimhlophe, futhi cishe waqala ukuhlala khona. Elele ebhokisini, wafundisa indima futhi waphuza ikhofi. Futhi, njengoba umdlali we-actress wathi, wazizwa ehle kulo. Ama-antics anjalo angabizwa ngokuthi i-epatage, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi uSarah Bernhardt azange azame ukugcizelela ngenxa yombono. Ebhokisini, wayenethezekile ngempela, futhi wayejwayele ukuhamba nomsila onamabala endaweni yonke futhi ezama ukugwema.

Umlingisi Ngami

Umcabango wakhe we-actress owedlule waqaphela, esevukile esibhakabhakeni ebhaluni enabangane abakhulu. Umoya uhambele abahamba ngezinyawo, abaningi sebevele beqala ukuthandazela intethelelo, futhi uSarah Bernhardt wayiphuza i-champagne futhi wahamba waya esikhwameni ngapha nangapha. "Ngiyayithanda lapho izivakashi ziza kimi," kusho lo mdlali, "kodwa angithandi ukuzivakashela, ngiyakuthanda ukuthola izincwadi, kodwa akukho mandla angangiphoqa ukuba ngibhale impendulo." Ngithanda ukunikeza iseluleko, kodwa ngiyamzonda lapho othile engitshela okuthile " . Akazange acabange ngalokho okwakuzokwenzeka kusasa, futhi ukhohliwe ngalokho okwakuyizolo. Uma kusasa kukhishwa ukufa - ngakho-ke? Cabanga ...

Juliet

Isikhathi asizange sikhulume umdlali odumile, kepha esekhulile wayesefana nentombazane uSara. Abahlaziyi besikhathi samanje bahlonipha uBernard owazi kahle, kwakukhona umlutha kule nkambo: "USarah Bernhard - Juliet Capulety." Uma umdlali oneminyaka engu-70 ubudala edlala uShakespeare heroine oneminyaka engu-13, umhlaba wonke wezemidlalo uzokholelwa futhi ukhale. " Futhi akuyona ihlaya, kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke kahle.

USarah Bernhardt, ucaphuna ngamazwi, izindima kanye nezingxoxo eziye zahlala iminyaka eminengi, akulibaleki. Amathuna womdlali we-actress emathuneni asePere Lachaise eParis njalo ugcwele izimbali. AmaParis kanye nabaziwayo be-actress enkulu abavela emhlabeni wonke beza esikhumulweni sokuthula okuphelele ukuze bakhokhe isikweletu sememori.