Urban kuyinto ... izakhiwo Urban futhi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni

definition eqondile elithi "izifundo basemadolobheni" alikho ngisho e-Europe. Leli gama ngokuvamile sibizwa ezindaweni ezahlukene umsebenzi professional, e ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne edolobheni. Noma kunjalo, eRussia lo mqondo usezuze ifomu abahlukene semantic - kungenye into ukuthi Ukusabalala ngokwalo kuba impela ebanzi. Esikhathini ukuqonda elula izifundo ezisemadolobheni - a yolwazi eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana iyunithi zendawo ukuthi asetshenziswe ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyehlukene. Ikakhulukazi, nezindaba ezisemadolobheni ngandlela-thile exhunywe, zezenhlalo, abaculi, abaklami, ka abaklami Yiqiniso.

Eqondayo yendabuko urbanity

Uma gama ukudalula indlela yekubukana tintfo ngendlela utilitarian, izinto eziningi ziyacaca futhi kuyoba sobala e umfanekiso urbanity. Kule isikhundla ke kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha endaweni esibanzi kubandakanya izindawo ezifana design kanye nokuphathwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngamanye amazwi, ucwaningo ezisemadolobheni - amathuluzi kanye namasu ukuze uhlele bese nisebenzisa le phrojekthi. Okungukuthi, akudingekile ukuthi igama elithi kufanele isetshenziswa edolobheni ethile. Ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo leli qiniso sihlehlela emuva ngesikhathi lwekutfutfukisa ikusasa plan umqondo afanayo.

Kodwa musa lula ukusebenza futhi urbanists, okungase baqhubeka, futhi ngemva ukwakhiwa. eziyinkimbinkimbi Ready iba platform for ukugcwaliseka imicabango abaklami onjiniyela kanye abaculi. Indawo ekhethekile Kulokhu hlala nabaqambi, kabani izandla kwakhiwa izifundo ezisemadolobheni ezisemadolobheni ngesimo design yobuhle. Ngokwesibonelo, isitayela izakhiwo, amapaki, umklamo, ukumisa, ingqalasizinda - konke lokhu luyasetshenziswa kuhlanganise iqhaza lochwepheshe design.

Izici osetshenziswayo Urban

I ochwepheshe, lapho umsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe lihlotshaniswa nezindaba ezisemadolobheni, ubhekwa njengomuntu lo mqondo njengoba inkambu ngokwesayensi. Iqiniso liwukuthi practice, kule ndawo kudinga ngokunemba high ekuqondeni imisebenzi yabo. Planner, isibonelo, kufanele babe kuvisisa amamodeli nezibalo ukuqaliswa ezokuthutha imigqa, wahlela ukuba abale ukuxhumana, ungakhohlwa mayelana ukuma eyakheke sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa acabangele izici lwezenhlalo. Lokhu kuzosetshenziswa izifundo ezisemadolobheni, okuyinto benza ekuxazululeni izinkinga zangempela. Yiqiniso, okokuqala lokuhlelwa kwedolobha kanye izakhiwo ezihlobene ne ukwakhiwa eqondile, kodwa kukhona nezinye izici ukuthi izinkinga Semisebenzi umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngisho e-design isigaba urbanists ukubala izingxabano ezingase zibe abathintekayo - phakathi kwabo kungenzeka kube yizakhamuzi ezivamile, zimali, abameleli ekuphathweni nezinhlangano kwezohwebo.

Ukuklanywa Kwazo Nokutholakala urbanism

Noma kunjalo, ingxenye yezakhiwo usekelwe ukuqonda ukuhlela zasemadolobheni. Phakathi izinqubo yohlelo lokuthuthukisa sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ekwakheni izakhiwo zalo baningana esiteji kubalulekile, okubandakanya abaklami. Batfutfukisa umqondo yesitayela elibuye ichaza ukuma afanayo izakhiwo ezisemadolobheni. Namuhla, izakhiwo kanye izifundo ezisemadolobheni ehilela ukuphathwa kanye accounting umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Onjalo kubasekeli yokusondela ukuhlela ikuvumela ekuqaleni olungiselelwe nokwenza kahle izinqubo nomphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela lisuse ukungezwani futhi ngcono izinga lempilo. Uchwepheshe abanolwazi kuleli cala kumele sisondela nomthwalo ofanayo wemfanelo kanye ukuthuthukisa imiqondo ezakhiwo izikhungo ibhizinisi amahhovisi kanye ezidayiswa, kanye emalokishini imikhaya ehola kancane.

izifundo Urban futhi kwabantu

Phakathi zezimboni ochwepheshe ubudala obesebenza iyunithi ezisemadolobheni, sathola eziningi ukungqubuzana indlela technocratic ilungiselelo ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye namazinga ngenduduzo imiqondo zobuntu. kuphakama izinkinga ezifanayo esikhathini post-ezimbonini, kodwa namuhla bavela bekwi kwabantu isixazululo. Ochwepheshe kulo mkhakha ukusiza ukwakha nolaka kancane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo idolobha ukhululekile futhi yempucuko. Urban uzama ukunciphisa imithelela elimazako izakhiwo zezimboni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo hhayi isimo sibe sibi isimo emsebenzini. Njengoba singabona, ngokwesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu urbanism ngezinye izikhathi uphoqelekile ukuxazulula Izinjongo engqubuzanayo. Nokho, okukhipha ungaphakathi ehlukahlukene - kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ngcono, inhlangano iyashelela zokuthutha ilungiselelo nokwenziwa ngcono onobuhle kwezomnotho.

Amathrendi okusha e ukuhlela zasemadolobheni

Ukubukeka yesimanje amadolobha ngokuyinhloko washintsha ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Labo emisha emkhakheni yezokuthutha ilungiselelo athembisa ngokuphelele ukushintsha ingqalasizinda ezisemadolobheni. Urbanist uhlala kuphela ukuze zilahlwe ngendlela efanele izithelo intuthuko. Nokho eRussia, useke wabhekana yokujama tsi ekuthuthukiseni Urban, ukuvela imiqondo emisha zokudala imisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo ezisemadolobheni yesimanje ukuhlukana imodeli izindlela nje isuke ibangelwa isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona izinkampani ezinikeza izixazululo wakuqala ukuhlela kanye izakhiwo design. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwethulwa izimiso ezintsha amadivayisi edolobheni-ukuhlela namanje ihlangabezana zokungabaza ngokwabo abasebenzisi olandelanayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo in the West isikhathi eside ke buthola umfutho ohlangothini olusha, ngokuthi "urbanism ovulekile."

Kuyini urbanism ovulekile?

Ungase uthi kungcono isimiso okunengqondo yedolobha lanamuhla zedivayisi. Kunalokho, izindlela enhlanganweni yalo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda izitayela kufanele ubheke incazelo yelinyenti. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho kumiswa indawo ezisemadolobheni akuhlanganisi iqembu elincane labantu ogunyaziwe, nabo bonke abantu bayo, kuhlanganise izakhamuzi ezivamile futhi abameleli ibhizinisi. It kuvela ukuthi izifundo ovulekile ezisemadolobheni - kuyinto ebucayini jikelele safinyelela ngokwesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene. Kodwa lokhu akulona ncazelo iphelele, njengoba kubekiwe futhi izimiso esiyisibopho thuluzi emzini. Ikakhulukazi, sikhuluma umbono zobuntu nenduduzo - ukuthi ngokuyinhloko elinesimo edolobheni entshonalanga, ezakhiwe ngokuvumelana urbanism ovulekile.

isiphetho

Selokhu inhlangano zokuphila esiGrekini ongqondongqondo yedolobha ovelele wacabanga mayelana nemithetho isikhala ovamile for ukuhlala nokusebenza. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, lezi zimiso akuzona izikhathi washintsha futhi uguqulwe. Esikhathini ukuqonda yesimanje izifundo ezisemadolobheni - iqoqo imithetho evumela ukuthi wena ukuhlela ukhululekile kakhulu ukuphila ngaphandle komuzi, ikhumbula izithakazelo lwezigaba ezahlukene kwezakhamuzi zawo. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi le nkinga ulula, kodwa umkhuba ukuqaphela akunakwenzeka njalo. Ngaphambi urbanists nibaluleke okuningi izinkinga zesintu, kuhlanganise: isidingo emzini ungcolisa izitshalo, nobunzima kule inhlangano Uxhaxha lwemigwaqo kanye nesidingo kulondolozwe izikhumbuzo zomlando, lapho ngezinye izikhathi intuthuko yedolobha.