Uphenyo - a ... Amafomu yophenyo. Amachibi uphenyo

Izinto ezenziwa abantu bonke akuyena ngaso sonke kuyinto uhlamvu esisemthethweni. Esikhathini esiningi abantu adlulela ngayo ngalé kwalokho kuvunyelwe. Izenzo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi amacala, ngoba empeleni ukubhubhisa oda ekhona zomthetho isimo. Yiqiniso, izinga lomonakalo ukuba nobudlelwano zomphakathi saloluhlobo senzo singase sibe zihluke kakhulu. Konke kuncike kobukhulu ukoniwa. Kulokhu, kuyathakazelisa omkhulu nje kuphela icala, kodwa futhi inqubo ukuthola kwabo futhi baqedwe.

Esikhathini Russian Federation bekwi ekhethekile abomthetho, agunyaziwe ukuze kuqalise ukusebenza imisebenzi ethile umthetho. Uhlobo zokonakala Kulokhu ineqhaza elikhulu. Kule isici kuzoncika ukuma uhlobo ekuqhutshweni ejensi ukuthi uzoqalisa ukusebenza ngokushesha.

Njengoba sazi, ayingozi kakhulu emaphutheni Siwumphakathi amacala obugebengu. Lesi senzo bezingelwa umtsetfo lokhona, futhi ngokuzinikela kwabo enikeziwe umthwalo zomthetho ngokuhambisana unswinyo we Criminal Code of Russia. Icala ngamacala yena, uthatha uhlobo uphenyo owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala, okuyinto has amafomu amabili: uphenyo kanye nophenyo. Uhlobo yokugcina has izici zayo siqu neziqondiso eziqondile zomthetho.

Investigation. Umcabango

Icala ngamacala libhekene eziningi izici ezithile eziqondile. Letinhlobo lo msebenzi kukhona izakhi yesikhungo semfundo olulodwa - uphenyo yezenzo zobugebengu ezihlukahlukene. Esikhathini isayensi ye zobulelesi linikezwa njengoba uchungechunge izenzo iziphathimandla abanekhono eyenziwa ukuze bathole yiluphi ulwazi yesenzo esiyingozi emphakathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphenyo Kwenziwa ukuhlonza izimo kanye izimbangela zobugebengu, abantu abantula nekuwusebentisa, kanye isicelo kubo of icala lobugebengu. Imisebenzi yalolu hlobo athuthukile iminyaka eminingi endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Russian Federation. Kuze kube manje, uphenyo zobugebengu eyenziwa yilabo abamele olufanele emizimbeni komthetho waseRussia amafomu ezifana sokuqulwa kwecala futhi uphenyo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zombili izinhlobo babe izici ezivamile futhi ehlukile.

Ngokungafani nophenyo uphenyo

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi lolu phenyo - ke ingenye izakhi noma izinhlobo zobugebengu uphenyo. Nokho, kukhona into enjalo njengoba phetho. Isikhathi esining impela, nophenyo futhi uphenyo udidekile. Ukuze delineate okushiwo imibandela udinga ukuqonda ukuthi asho ukuthini.

Okokuqala, kufanele acabangele yokuthi yophenyo kanye uphenyo - leli fomu zobugebengu uphenyo. Lokho, umuntu ezimweni zombili sikhuluma asungula ubufakazi isenzo esiyingozi emphakathini. Kodwa zikhona umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Isici esiyinhloko kokubili ukuze nikwazi ukwahlukanisa yesisindo ubugebengu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlola okwenziwe ngokwethukela uqhutshwa izenzo ku encane ukuba alungise, futhi umphumela - I-sina noma sibi kakhulu.

Ngokusho imiphumela yomsebenzi ngamunye eka- idokhumenti. Ngesikhathi kuthethwa icala, sinesibonelo icala, futhi uma uphenyo - the icala. Ngakho, lezi zinhlobo isinyathelo awafani. Ngakho-ke nophenyo futhi uphenyo kuyadingeka ukuqonda futhi ukuhlukanisa, kusukela degree of izinyathelo isicelo zemithwalo yemfanelo engokomthetho ezimweni zombili zizohluka.

Umcabango nophenyo

Esikhathini kuhlahlela mkhuba kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele ukubaluleka kwayo. Phela, lo mqondo essence eziyisisekelo kufihlwe futhi amakhono umsebenzi othize. Ngakho, lolu phenyo - uhlobo uphenyo lobugebengu, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ngenhloso okuyinto ukusebenzisa kwecala on Eqinisweni ukwenza ubugebengu kobukhulu amancane naphakathi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela uphenyo hhayi kuphela Russian Federation waziwa. It is kabanzi emazweni amaningi eMpumalanga Yurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngaphezu injongo yayo luyingxenye esisebenzayo, nophenyo Institute linendima ebalulekile isifundo yesayensi uphenyo ngaphakathi kohlaka lomthetho kazwelonke.

izici Isici walesi sikhungo

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the nophenyo senzeka ngaphakathi esiqinile zenqubo nohlaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ngokucacile lokhu uhlobo uphenyo, esizibonakalisa izici eziningana ethize, okuyilezi:

• nophenyo kwenziwe kuphela ezimweni lapho komsolwa;
• imiphumela ye icala ikhishwa;
• Ekuqhubeni nophenyo senzeka zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu;
• ukuqhubeka inkathi uphenyo uvunyelwe, kodwa hhayi izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-amathathu;
• ifomu echazwe yophenyo ezalethwa ezahlukene abomthetho, ezithinta uMnyango okuphenya.

izici Kwethulwa ngokugcwele liveze obala imininingwane ye-Institute kanye amathuba yayo uphenyo amacala obugebengu.

ifomu nophenyo

Naphezu inkimbinkimbi isiqondiso yayo njengoba kuchazwe Article sikhungo ezingase zithathwe ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. ukuqaliswa algorithm kuzoncika ifomu yophenyo. Namuhla, kukhona izinhlobo eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa, uma thina acabangele kwemibandela yomthetho zenqubo lobugebengu ekhona:

1. Uphenyo ngefomu egcwele.
2. nophenyo iDemo.
3. Ukwenza umsebenzi we-izenzo esiphuthumayo okuphenya.

Ifomu yokugcina iyona elula kunazo, uma uliqhathanisa namanye amabili. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi izidumbu yophenyo emva icala lobugebengu lelisu kudingekile izenzo okuphenya, injongo okuyinto ukulungisa iminonjana isenzo esiyingozi emphakathini. I engavamile ifomu Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngemva ukuqaliswa zonke imisebenzi edingekayo materials zidluliselwa umseshi. Okungukuthi, lolu hlobo nophenyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lukhona uphenyo oluqhubekayo sisonke, ukuze ukuvimbela ukulahleka noma yiluphi ulwazi ebalulekile nokunye. N.

selithi

Ngokuthakazelisayo nophenyo ngokwanele encishisiwe hlobo. Lolu hlobo umsebenzi zenqubo kungenzeka, uma siyiqaphele umthetho kazwelonke. nophenyo iDemo - lokhu ukukhiqizwa kusebenza endabeni ukuzibandakanya obungenakuphikiswa futhi elingenakuphikwa umuntu othize kuleli cala. Leli fomu ekhona nokukhawulela imfucuza engenangqondo iziphathimandla imali futhi umzamo liphenya, okungase kwenzeke ngenxa ekambisweni. Eqinisweni, lolu phenyo iDemo - kuba ithuba ukuze wonge isikhathi. Kodwa ukwenziwa leli fomu, kufanele ube inani elidingekayo lamaphuzu.

ukukhiqizwa ngokucacile

Uphenyo e Isifushaniso Kwenziwa kuphela uma kukhona ezinye ukulungisiswa salokhu. Izimpawu ezisemqoka zokukhiqiza ethulwa eSahlukweni 32 (1) se-Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibandela eshiwo emthethweni kufanele kuqashelwe abantu ngothi lwabo, okuyilezi:

• uphenyo lobugebengu ku icala;
• Umsolwa ibona ngokugcwele isenzo esenziwa kuye, umonakalo owenziwa kubo, futhi akazange azongenela ziqu zomthetho;
• izimo ezithinta ukuqaliswa yophenyo, akukho.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu iyona into yokugcina. izakhi zayo zinikwa Article 226 (2) Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.

Amaqiniso, ngaphandle kokubuza okufutshane

Emelelwe kuyinsakavukela khona, okungukuthi Article 226 (2) se-CPC, iqukethe eziningi izimo, khona lapho ayivumeli ukusebenzisa selithi nophenyo. Ukuze lezo zikhathi yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Umsolwa - ingane;
• zikhona izizathu wokuthatha amagadango yezokwelapha;
• Umuntu uye abenze amacala eziningana, enye yazo kwenziwe uphenyo;
• umsolwa akakhulumi ulimi kwecala;
• ngokumelene nophenyo esincishisiwe noma yini engathathwa isisulu.

Ukuba khona okungenani eyodwa kulezi zici uyakulahla encishisiwe-oda nophenyo.

Inqubo ukukhiqizwa emelela

Kukhona ezinye izici eziyisisekelo ikhomishana Isifushaniso ngaphezu ethunyelwe ngaphambilini:

1. Uphenyo eside e indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama sekuqala esikhathini isinqumo ukuqaliswa lolu hlobo ukukhiqizwa. Kulokhu, isikhathi uphenyo kulokhu kungakadluli amalanga nanhlanu.
2. Umthamo imisebenzi kunomkhawulo esiphuthumayo kakhulu futhi kusadingekile ukuba kufakazelwe ngokugcwele icala lowo okonile kanye nezinga lomonakalo kubo.
3. Kulesi ukukhiqizwa ngempela abathintekayo wasemuva.
4. I inhlawulo ebekwa inkantolo, ngeke sidlule uhhafu ubukhulu futhi itemu uhlobo olunzima ngokunqaba uyaluvumela isihloko.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhomishana ifomu olujiyile kungenziwa wayeka waqhubeka ngendlela evamile. Leli qiniso kuyisiqinisekiso eyinhloko Amalungelo.

Amachibi uphenyo

Hhayi yonke imigwamanda kanye nezikhulu zabo zingase lelisu echazwe esihlokweni yefomu uphenyo. Uhlu izinhlangano ukuthi ube umnyango wabo isakhiwo uphenyo, okwethulwa Article 40 Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. Ngokusho lokho ezikushoyo, iziphathimandla abanekhono yilezi:

• izidumbu zabantu ezindabeni zangaphakathi, kanye namanye ama-ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho Unelungelo ukusebenzisa umsebenzi op-okuphenya;

• Federal Bailiffs Izikhungo;
• Military Amaphoyisa Armed Forces, izinduna, izinduna izikhungo empi;
• State ukulawula umlilo;
• shipmasters yalolu hambo olude;
• Chiefs Arctic iziteshi, izinhloko ubusika;
• inhloko ohambweni ezimela nakwezombusazwe.

Ngakho, kuphela letinikwe lapha ngenhla kwangaphambilini emizimbeni uphenyo angase lelisu echazwe nophenyo ukuma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

iholide lochwepheshe

Ukuba khona abaseshi yemitimba yembuso leyahlukene yethu siphoqe ukudalwa iholidi ekhethekile. Ngenxa yalokho kungenziwa ngokuthi usuku yophenyo. It lugujwa nesithupha ka-Okthoba unyaka ngamunye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kule Ngosuku igubha Uphenyo Ministry Interior nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezisemkhathini, okuyinto tinikwe isakhiwo esibanjiwe neminyango efaneleyo. Lena iholide ekhethekile ngabo.

Usuku nophenyo kakhulu kubonisa isidingo imisebenzi efana futhi yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ekulweni nobugebengu ensimini ka WaseRussia.