UNkrasov NA wazalwa nini futhi wafa nini? Ngabe ngumuphi umnyaka owazalwa uNekhrasov?

U-Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov ungenye yezimvo ezinhle kakhulu zezincwadi zaseRussia. Akayena nje ummemezeli ophumelelayo nomlobi wezinto ezithile eziyingqayizivele ekushiwo kanye nencazelo yezinkondlo ngabesifazane. U-Nikolai Alekseevich wayengumdayisi osomabhizinisi owaziwa kakhulu owaqoqa imisebenzi edume kakhulu eyabhalwa abalobi abahola ngaleso sikhathi encwadini yakhe ethi Sovremennik. Futhi abafundi abaningi bangase babe nesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi uNekrasov wazalwa nini futhi wafa, amaqiniso asemqoka e-biography yakhe nokuphila kokudala.

Iminyaka yabantwana, noma isabelo sabesifazane abangathandeki

Ubaba u-Nikolai Alekseevich wayengumphathi ovela emndenini ohluphekile, futhi umama, u-Alexandra Andreyevna Zakrevskaya, wazalwa eWarsaw futhi wayeyindodakazi yomuntu ocebile. Le ntombazane yathola imfundo enhle kakhulu futhi yakhuliswa kahle. Abazali bakhe bekunamacala okushada nomuntu ongafundile. Kodwa lo mbhangqwana osemusha wawushadile ngokumelene nentando kababa nomama. Futhi ngempela, le nyunyana yayingajabuli. Okokuqala bahlala esifundazweni sasePodolsk, lapho uNekrasov wazalelwa ngo-1821 ngoNovemba 22.

U-Nikolay kusukela ebuntwaneni ubona ukuthi unina wayehlupheka kanjani, futhi, mhlawumbe, lokhu kwakuyisizathu esengeziwe sokubhala izinkondlo eziningi ezimangalisayo ngabesifazane. Yonke le misebenzi iye yazuza ukuthandwa okukhulu. Lapho iNekrasov encane izalwa, u-Alexei Sergeevich, uyise wesibongo sekusasa, wasula. Futhi ngokushesha wadlulisela umkakhe nengane yakhe emndenini. Zonke iminyaka zezingane zikaNikolai Alekseevich zadlula lapho.

Ukuya eSt. Petersburg, noma Ukuhlangana nezinkinga zokuqala

U-Nekrasov esemncane kakhulu (wayeneminyaka engaba yishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala) wathuthela ePerersburg ngezinkinga ezinkulu. Kuye kwakukhona incwadi yezinkondlo zakhe zakuqala, futhi wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi udumo lwendlovu lwaluzofika kuye yedwa. Futhi ngempela, ngonyaka ozayo uNikolai Alekseevich washicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala yezinkondlo okuthiwa "Amaphupho Nomsindo", kodwa impumelelo ayizange ilandele.

Le nsizwa yazama ukuba yivolontiya eNyuvesi yaseSt. Petersburg, futhi le phrojekthi ephila isikhathi esifushane nayo yaphela ekuhlulekeni. Kwakungekho lutho oluzohlala kulo, futhi u-Nekrasov ukhohlwe iminyaka eminingana ngokubiza kwakhe okuphezulu. Waqala ukubhala izincwadi ezincwadini zamaphephandaba namaphephandaba ahlukahlukene, wabe esefunda i-vaudeville ne-prose. Le minyaka yayinzima kakhulu ekuphileni kukaNikolai Alekseevich. Lapho uNekhrasov ezalwa futhi efa, kuyinto ethakazelisayo ngempela ukwazi, kodwa wakwazi kanjani ukuba ngumlobi odumile? Mhlawumbe lolu lwazi luzobathinta abafundi abaningi.

Ukukhishwa kwe-almanac kanye nempumelelo ephazamisayo

Ukuphila kukaNikolai Alexeyevich kwashintsha ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngo-1845, kanye no-Ivan Panayev, nomlobi owaziwayo waseRussia, washicilela incwadi ethi "The Physiology of Petersburg". Futhi babelindelwe impumelelo ephawulekayo. Amaqhawe amasha ngokuphelele abonakala kumfundi waseRussia. Lawa ayengekho izinhlamvu zothando, hhayi ama-duelists, kodwa izakhamuzi ezijwayelekile zaseSt. Petersburg: izakhamuzi, izigungu, abacindezelwayo futhi badinga ukuzwelana.

Lapho uNekrasov ezalwa, ngeshwa, isihloko se-serfdom nokuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu abavamile kwakusasebenza. Ngakho-ke, le ncwadi yayiwusizo kakhulu. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa uNikolai Alekseevich noPanayev baya phambili nakakhulu. Bathenga amalungelo okushicilela lo magazini "Contemporary". Kwakuyi-almanac efanayo, ukuthi eminyakeni uNa Nekrasov azalwa ngayo, yayingaphansi kokuhola kuka-Alexander Pushkin. Ivela kulo magazini, manje oholwa ngu-Ivan Ivanovich Panayev noNicola Alekseevich, ukuthi izincwadi ezintsha zaseRussia ziqala.

Izinkomba ezintsha emaphephandabeni, noma Ukulwa nenkululeko yomuntu siqu

Lapho uNelaylay Nikolay Alekseevich ezalwa, futhi eminyakeni eyalandela, izinkondlo eziningi nabalobi babhekene nomoya wokulwa nenkululeko yobuntu bomuntu . Futhi ngakho uNicholas wenza uhlobo olusha lomhleli, waqala ukufundisa umphakathi esimweni sokulwa nesibindi kanye nentando yeningi, ukuqoqa amandla amakhulu okubhala emaphepheni akhe.

Engxenyeni yesibili ka-1850 uNekhrasov wamemela u-Nikolay Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky noNicola Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov ku-Contemporary. Futhi nakuba abasebenzi bakudala bengavumelani nalokhu, manje umagazini omkhulu kakhulu wenzelwe isizukulwane esisha sobusha, futhi ukusakaza kwawo kuye kwanda kakhulu. Kodwa ngo-1862 uhulumeni wanquma ukumisa imisebenzi ye "Contemporary".

Indlela yokudumile, noma ukushicilelwa emakhasini almanac

Kusukela ngo-1847 zonke izincwadi zaseRussia ziye zabonakala zincane kumbuthano osondelene kakhulu nabantu abafana nomqondo. Ngabe kukhona owaziyo ngesikhathi uNa Nekrasov ezalwa ukuthi eminyakeni engamashumi embalwa kamuva, ukuze abe umbhali odumile noma imbongi, kwakuzodingeka abonise incwadi yakhe yesandla kuye noma uPanayev. Futhi uma ethanda abaholi ababili "Contemporary", inkazimulo izofika nakanjani.

Phakathi kwababhali kwakuyi-edumile i-Ivan Goncharov, owashicilela umsebenzi wakhe "i-Ordinary History" emakhasini almanac "Contemporary". U-Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky, owayevulele umbukeli evulekile kulo magazini, wayekulindeleke.

Iminyaka eyaletha udumo kumlobi

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi uNehrasov wazalwa nini futhi wafa, kodwa nini waba imbongi odumile? Futhi inkazimulo yafika kuye phakathi no-1840. Kodwa kwakungenakuphikiswa. Izinkondlo eziningi kakhulu zikaNikolai Alekseevich zazibonakala zishaqisayo. Kuzo kwakukhona izithombe ezimbalwa kakhulu, imihlaba nemibono ephakeme ehlobene nobuhle njalonjalo. I-Nekrasov idumisa ngokuyinhloko isimanje kanye nezimo ezilula zansuku zonke.

Nokho, u-Nikolai Alekseevich uqobo lwakhe wagcizelela ukuthi izinkondlo zanamuhla azikwazi futhi azifanele zibe mnhle futhi zihle. Uma umfundi ekhumbula, ngumuphi unyaka uNekhrasov owazalwa, uzoqonda ukuthi kwakukhona isikhathi esihluke ngokuphelele egcekeni, eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, elidinga izinkondlo ezahlukene. Futhi isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke amazwi womlobi yiphephandabeni ne-felicity, okunamathiselwe kweqiniso. Isifiso sokudlulisa iqiniso siyibika ngokuqondile, njenge-history, sesibonakaliso sesitayela esisha.

I-motifs eyinhloko kumazwi ka-imbongi

I-Nekrasov itholakale amazwi aseRashiya into ephelele yedolobheni ngokuphelele. Ezingqungqutheleni zikaNikolai Alekseevich, imininingwane yokuphila kwansuku zonke yabantu abavamile iboniswa okokuqala. Futhi, noma kunjalo, amazwi akhe angomculo ongajwayelekile. Cishe yonke imisebenzi, ungase uzizwe ezinye zezinto ezikhethekile.

Akukhona kuphela ezikhathini zanamuhla, kodwa nalapho uNekhrasov ezalwa futhi efa, ukuphila kwabantu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni kwakuhluke kakhulu. U-Nikolai Alekseevich, owabheka lokhu kuphila ngezindlela ezahlukene, waqala ukuphikisa emisebenzini yakhe. Futhi yilokho kanye okwaba iphuzu eliyisisekelo kumazwi kaNikolai Alekseevich.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokudala

Ekhuluma ngomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Nekrasov njengombongi, singakwazi ukubona izikhathi ezintathu eziyinhloko. Iyokuqala yayifushane kakhulu. Lesi yisikhathi lapho iqoqo "Amaphupho Nemisindo" ishicilelwe. Lesi yisikhathi lapho u-Nekrasov ezama ukubhala njengePushkin. Ukwazi ukuthi unyaka u-Nekrasov owazalwa ngawo, umfundi uzoqonda ukuthi ithonya likaPushkin lomsebenzi ngaleso sikhathi lalikhulu kakhulu. Futhi kwezinye izinkondlo zakhe zakuqala uNikolai Alekseevich waze wacaphuna u-Alexander Sergeevich.

Isikhathi sesibili sifana nosuku lokushicilelwa kwe-almanac ethi "The Physiology of Petersburg". Lapha uNekrasov ubhala izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, izimpawu zomgwaqo, futhi manje imbongi ehluke ngokuphelele ivela phambi komfundi. Uyazi kakade lokho okumele abhale ngakho, ithonya likaPushkin selinyamalale. Unesithakazelo ekupheleni kwalabo abacindezelekile, abahlazekile, impilo yabo elula njalo njalo. Futhi kakade esikhathini sesithathu ungabona indlela iNikola Alekseevich eba ngayo imbongi eyinhloko, ngubani ongumvikela wabantu, imbongi yombongi.

Akazange abe nempilo enhle, u-Nikolai Alekseevich wagula ngo-1877 futhi washeshe wafa. Naphezu kwesithwathwa esinzima esasimiswa ngosuku lomngcwabo wakhe, ukukhuluma naye kwafika inani elikhulu labantu. Wonke umuntu waqonda ukulahlekelwa okungenakuphikiswa okutholakala izincwadi zaseRussia ngokuhamba kwalowo mdali omkhulu.