Umsebenzi eguquguqukayo-trophic

Omunye ohlelweni sezinzwa, autonomic ngokuthi, inezingxenye eziningana. Omunye wabo nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa. izici tekusebentisa morphological uyivumele kuhlukaniswe eziningana. Enye uMnyango autonomic NS - the parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa. Kulesi sihloko, sicabanga ukuthi umsebenzi onjalo trophic.

mayelana CNS

Emphilweni iyiphi eziphilayo nakanjani eziningi imisebenzi ebalulekile eyenziwa isimiso sezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, kusho lukhulu kakhulu. Isimiso sezinzwa ngokwawo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuhilela iminyango ehlukene, has zenyathi eziningana. Ngamunye wabo lucwaningo eziningi izici ezithile isici ngasinye neminyango. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi kakhulu umcabango we nozwela isimiso sezinzwa yaqale esetshenziswa 1732. Ekuqaleni, igama elithi yayisetshenziswa ekuchazeni yonke autonomic nervous system iyonke. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa imithi kanye ukunqwabelana ulwazi lwesayensi, kwaba sobala ukuthi nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa igcwele ebanzi ungqimba imisebenzi. Yingakho umqondo waqala ingasetshenziswa kuphela maqondana omunye Ezigabeni autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa. umsebenzi trophic isimiso sezinzwa izokwethulwa ngezansi.

NS nozwela

Uma uhlale ucabanga amanani athile, kuba sobala ukuthi nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa libhekene isici esithakazelisayo kakhulu - ke unesibopho isisetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa inqubo lomzimba viva amabutho ayo yangaphakathi uma kwenzeka esiphuthumayo. Uma kunesidingo, ohlelweni onozwela kakhulu kwandisa imfucuza kwemithombo yezamandla umzimba baqhubeka ukusebenza evamile futhi ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Kuleso simo, uma kukhona ukukhuluma mayelana lokuthi umzimba womuntu efihle izici, kuyaqondakala inqubo. Isimo somuntu incike indlela uhlelo onozwela ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo imisebenzi yabo.

I parasympathetic NA

Nokho, lezi zimo kubangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu emzimbeni, futhi ayikwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside kule wombuso kwimodi ejwayelekile. Lapha ukubaluleka okukhulu lihlelo parasympathetic, okuyinto uzoqala play futhi likuvumela sokusukuma futhi ugcine izisetshenziswa komzimba, nakho ivumela umkhawulo amathuba ayo. I nozwela futhi parasympathetic izinhlelo sezinzwa uvumele wenze umzimba womuntu wakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi evamile ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Ziyakwazi ahlobene eduze futhi ongumphelelisi nomunye. Kodwa kusho ukuthini umsebenzi trophic Wesigungu Sikazwelonke? On lokhu kamuva.

kudivayisi yokwakheka

NA Ngozwela has a isakhiwo kunalokho xaka futhi branched. ingxenye yayo central itholakala emgogodleni ezinzwa neuropathy uxhuma ISIZINDA ahlukahlukene nezinzwa zomzimba. Zonke eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa kohlelo nozwela uxhumeke kwi-plexus futhi wagxila ezicutshini innervated.

Kumiswa ingxenye neuropathy kohlelo is ezihlukahlukene izinzwa efferent ebucayi kokuba izinqubo ezithile. Lezi zinqubo kude emgogodleni zitholakala ngokuyinhloko ISIZINDA paravertebral futhi prespinal.

Umsebenzi kohlelo nozwela

Kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwawo ohlelweni onozwela ungaphakathi ukuxhumana umzimba ezimweni ezicindezelayo. Eminye imithombo ukuyibiza esisheshayo nozwela isimiso sezinzwa. Leli gama lihlotshaniswa yokuthi sihilela ukuvela yokusabela ethize ukuze umthelela kusuka ngaphandle. Lokho umsebenzi walo trophic.

Uma uhlangabezana nesimo esicindezelayo, izindlala adrenal secrete adrenaline baqale ngokushesha. Yena kungukuqiniseka main evumela umuntu ukuba baphendule impendulo kangcono futhi ngokushesha ukucindezeleka. Kunesimo esifanayo kungenzeka ngesikhathi umsebenzi. adrenalin kwenza kube lula ukubhekana nakho. Adrenaline sithuthukisa isenzo kohlelo nozwela, futhi, esikhundleni salokho, inikeza izinsiza anda energy ukusetshenziswa. Wona uketshezi adrenaline akuyona mthombo wamandla, kodwa kunalokho kunomthelela ukukhuthazwa kwezitho zomzimba nezinzwa.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-NA nozwela umsebenzi oluhambelana-trophic.

Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

Izazi zezinto eziphilayo eside isikhathi esanele ukuze bakholelwe ukuthi kuphela ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo isimiso sezinzwa kuqinisekisa ukulawulwa umsebenzi lwamathambo kwemisipha hlobo. Lokhu lenkolelo ezinyakaziswayo kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Eqinisweni Akwaziwa ukuthi ngemva nokunwetshiwe ukusetshenziswa imisipha ukukhathala kwenzeka. Amandla Kufinyeta yaphela kancane kancane, futhi bangase bayeke ngokuphelele. Ukusebenza kahle kwemisipha ivame ukuba alulame emva ukuphumula iDemo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside izizathu lesi simanga akwaziwa.

Ngo-1927, Orbeli L. A. empirically wathola lokhu okulandelayo: uma ithebhu ukuletha frog kuya ukumisa okuphelele ukunyakaza, okungukuthi, kuze ukukhathala ngu ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside motor emsipheni, bese, ngaphandle kokuma ezishukumisayo motor, uqale parallel obulimaza emsipheni kanye ohlelweni onozwela umsebenzi ngokuqinisekile uyokwakhelwa ngokushesha abuyiselwe. It kuvela, umphumela uxhumano ohlelweni onozwela sishintsha ukusebenza kwemisipha ukuthi ukhathele. Kuvela ukuqeda ukukhathala ubuyisele nempilo yakhe. Lona umsebenzi trophic ka ezinzwa.

Ithonya Lako imisipha Imicu yotshani

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinzwa kohlelo nozwela abe nethonya elinamandla endleleni Imicu yotshani imisipha, ngokukhethekile, ikhono labo ukuqhuba zamanje kagesi kanye ezingeni excitability we motor emsipheni. Ngaphansi kwethonya innervation nozwela yokushintsha ukwakheka kanye nenani zamakhemikhali eziqukethwe muscle linendima ebalulekile ukuqaliswa imisebenzi yayo. compounds ezinjalo zihlanganisa acidosis acid, glycogen, creatine phosphate. Ngokuhambisana lezi idatha sesiye kungenzeka ukuba baphethe ngokuthi uhlelo nozwela kuvusa nesenzakalo izinguquko ezithile ngokomzimba futhi kwamakhemikhali imisipha yohlaka, kunomphumela umqondo nozwela imisipha kuya abasafufusa motor amaza ukuthi bayeza le micu kohlelo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo. Lokho uhlelo nozwela uvuma nezicubu imisipha ukwenza imithwalo ukuthi kungavuka izimo ezahlukene. Kwabonakala ukuthi umsebenzi imisipha ukhathele luphakanyiswa bedle emsipheni nozwela sisebenza anda ukugeleza kwegazi. Nokho, lokhu kucwaninga ungazange wakuqinisekisa lokhu umbono. Lena yindlela trophic umsebenzi namangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Through izifundo ezikhethekile kwatholakala ukuthi excitability oqondile nozwela e yezilwane ezinomgogodla eziphilayo entulekayo. Ngakho, ithonya nozwela uhlobo uhlamvu ezicutshini lwamathambo kuphela ngokusebenzisa nokuhanjiswa kwe- umlamuleli noma nezinye izinto okuyinto abelwe ezikhumulweni nozwela vasomotor uhlelo. Lesi siphetho kungaqinisekiswa kalula eksperimenti lelula. Uma imisipha ukubeka in isixazululo noma perfuse ngesitsha, bese uqala ukuba nomthelela emsipheni nozwela, ikhambi noma perfusate baphawula imvelo ezingaziwa we ketshezi. Uma lezi zinto yethulwe nezinye izicubu, ingabagulisa umphumela uhlobo nozwela.

indlela enjalo busekelwa isikhathi esikhulu esicashile ubude bawo abalulekile phambi umphumela. Ukuze ukuvela umsebenzi oluhambelana-trophic ayidingi isikhathi eside kulezo izitho, okuyinto afakwa oqondile ukucasuka nozwela, ezinjengokuthi inhliziyo nezinye izitho zangaphakathi.

ukusekela amaqiniso

Amaqiniso ukufakazela isiqondiso neurotrophic uhlelo nozwela, etholwe ngokuqhuba izifundo ezihlukahlukene ku lwamathambo kwemisipha izicubu. Ucwaningo kuhlanganisa sindisa obusebenzayo, denervation, ukuvuselelwa, cross-uxhumano izinzwa axhunyiwe ezahlukene imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba. Ngenxa yocwaningo etholakala esiphethweni sokuthi umsebenzi trophic usebenze izinqubo umzimba ukuthi silondoloze isakhiwo evamile imisipha futhi unikeze idinga lapho kukhishwa imithwalo ethile. Lezi izinqubo umzimba neqhaza ekubuyiselweni izinsiza ngakwesokudla ngemva imisipha umsebenzi wayeka. Ukusebenza izinqubo ezinjalo ngenxa eziningi izinto zokulawula begazi. Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-ukuvela izenzo trophic kudingeka ukuthutha izinto ezidingekayo evela endikimbeni iseli isigungu.

Kungaba kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele ngokuvamile abantu bayabona, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ukubaluleka neurotransmitters akugcini ukubamba iqhaza kule nqubo yokudlulisa umfutho. Futhi nomthelela impilo emizimbeni ujabule iqhaza kule energy supply kwezicubu.

Ngokwesibonelo, catecholamines kuthiwa abantu abahilelekile kule nqubo, njengoba ukuqaliswa umsebenzi trophic. Ngo energosubstratov ezingeni igazi kwanda, okuholela ithonya okusheshayo futhi olunzulu on umzimba izinqubo.

isiphetho

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ebucayi yezinzwa futhi abonise umphumela oluhambelana-trophic. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi kule eziyimpumelelo imicu sezinzwa aqukethe zonke izinhlobo neuroactive izinto zemvelo, njengokuduma neuropeptides. Okuvame kakhulu R-neuropeptides, kanye peptides okuhlotshaniswa isakhi sofuzo calcitonin. peptides ezinjalo ngemva ngokwahlukana kusukela eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa angaba phezu enyameni ezungezile ithonya trophic.