Umongameli IOC. I-International iKomiti-Olympic. Thomas Bach

Njengoba umengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze wavakashelwa ubuntu eziningi ezivelele, abantu abayishumi kuphela. Owokugcina kubo, T. Bach, wakhethwa ngo-2013 futhi aphethwe lokhu okuthunyelwe ngalesi sikhathi. Lesi sihloko presents kafushane yonke IOC likaMengameli.

IOC njengoba inhlangano

IOC - nomzimba omkhulu ukunyakaza-Olympic, esebenza ngokugcwele okwamanje. I-International iKomiti-Olympic kuyinto engenzi inzuzo, inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. ikomkhulu layo zitholakala eSwitzerland (Lausanne). Imibhalo lomthetho le nhlangano iyona Charter ye-Olympic Games, nothayi banamuhla leyemukelwa 14 Julayi 2001. IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi izilimi ezisemthethweni-IOC ukuthi isinikeze.

I-International iKomiti-Olympic sidalwe Paris 23 Juni 1894 nge isinyathelo indalo yayo esenziwa Per De Kuberten, uthishela French kanye isishoshovu kwezenhlalo, kamuva owaba ngumengameli weqembu. Kwakuthinta ngo-1894, kwanqunywa ukuba avuselele Imidlalo yama-Olympic. IOC elinikwe umsebenzi ukuhlela kubo.

Imidlalo yama-Olympic (ihlobo nobusika) aphethwe kanye eminyakeni 4. IOC esenqumile isikhathi nendawo yokuziphatha kwabo, ku ohlelweni lwabo. Le nhlangano unelungelo okukhethekile -Olympic ifulege, uphawu, ingoma kanye isiqubulo. Phakathi Imidlalo-IOC ukuthi isinikeze udlulisa ilungelo lokulawula izici lobuchwepheshe mncintiswano yi ezemidlalo nemifelandawonye ngamazwe.

Ngokwe iziqondiso sisebenza ngesikhathi samanje, ilungu IOC ukhethelwa isikhathi esiyiminyaka 8. Kungaba ke aphinde aqokelwe for sikhathi. IOC uMongameli likhethwa ngamalungu alo ngokuzihlanganisa ivoti eliyimfihlo. isikhathi sawo sokuba sezikhundleni njengoba engu-8. Khona-ke njalo eminyakeni 4 igunya isengavuselelwa. Leli thuba esetshenziswa eziningi umongameli IOC.

D. uDemetriyu Vikelas

Lo muntu ngaba nesikhundla esiphakeme isikhathi eside, kusukela 1894 kuya 1896. UDemetrius Vikelas - eyaziwa umbhali waseGrisi. Ngo-1894 waba nengxenye kule ababamele Congress eParis. Kusukela Imidlalo kwakufanele aqulwe e Athens, uMongameli, ngokuvumelana 1 st koMqulu-Olympic, kwakufanele kube waseGrisi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umongameli wokuqala we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze wenze umnikelo obalulekile zokunqoba izinkinga eziningi bemvelo kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Eyokuqala iMidlalo Yama-Olympic e-Athens ngo-1896. Ngemva Imidlalo D. uDemetriyu Vikelas wamnikela post nguMengameli wezwe olandelayo, Pierre de Coubertin.

Per De Kuberten

Lokhu baron isiFulentshi, sobala kanye nososayensi ngaba nesikhundla esiphakeme isikhathi eside, kusukela 1896 kuya 1925. Modern Imidlalo yama-Olympic njengoba sishilo, abangu eyasungulwa kuye. Ihhovisi eliphezulu Per De Kuberten akufeza ngenxa ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ukuhamba-Olympic. Ukukhohliseka Romanticism - izimfanelo lo muntu. Abazange ukumvimbela eguquguqukayo, ukubekezela, ukusebenziseka nokuphikelela ukubamba -Olympic Movement ngokusebenzisa uvivinyo inhlokomo yokuqala engu-30.

George. Lucas, nososayensi waseMelika, owabhala incwadi ethi "Modern iMidlalo Yama-Olympic" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1980), kusho ukuthi, uma sihlanganise konke lalotshwa Pierre de Coubertin, uthola ivolumu-25 imisebenzi eqoqwe. Coubertin led-IOC ukuthi isinikeze engaba ngu-30. Baron Godefroy de Blonay kwaba isifuba bakhe abaseduze. Lo muntu owaba ngumongameli IOC eminyakeni 1916-19., Uma Coubertin wajoyina impi French ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Okwesibili umongameli IOC washona ngo-1937. Pierre ihlala wangcwatshwa e Lausanne. Ngo-Olympia, ngesicelo Coubertin, wangcwatshwa enhliziyweni yakhe.

Henri de Baillet-Latour

Lo muntu waba nguMengameli kusukela 1925 kuya 1942. Wazalwa ngo-1876 e-Brussels. Bala de Baillet-Latour kwezemidlalo, wathola iziqu University, bese bekhonza njengoba inxusa eNetherlands.

ilungu IOC Henri waqala ngo-1903, kwathi ngo-1905 futhi wayephethe-Olympic Congress e Brussels. Ngemva konyaka, wahlela NOC waseBelgium. Henry labetibambile ngempumelelo lesikhombisa-Olympic Games in Antwerp (1920). Ngo-1925 akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. eyandulela wakhe, Coubertin wathi ngaye lowo msebenzi eziphikelelayo de Baillet-Latour saqinisekisa ukuthi uphumelela eside Iinhlangano esihle Olympic Congress. Iminyaka 17, uHenry led-IOC ukuthi isinikeze kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe (ngo-1942). Five iMidlalo Yama-Olympic yayiqhutshwa ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Inani abahlanganyeli liye lenyuka lisuka 2594 kuya 3980, kuyilapho inani lamazwe amelelwe yibo, - kusuka 29 kuya 49. Ukwakheka iMidlalo Yama-Olympic uma liye ngokuyisisekelo igcwaliswe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi abanye abahlaziyi owabona izenzo de Baillet-Latour politicization kakhulu ezemidlalo. Lokhu kwabonakala isinqumo ukuze ubambe 11-Olympic Games in Berlin (1936). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uHenry wenqabela abasubathi base-USSR sihlanganyela kuyo. Njengoba umengameli uHenry advocate izimiso Coubertin. Wathi ukuhlanganisa izinhloso zizinhle okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa imibono abathathela kufanele sibe nesimo imfundiso enobunye. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha ezehlela bonke kubahlanganyeli imithetho Imidlalo, njengoba ehlonipha inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.

Yu Z. Edström

Kuyo yonke le minyaka eyishumi ezayo (1942-1952) wahola IOC Yu Z. Edström. He kubhekwa ovelele kule nhlangano yama-Olympic, njengoba IsiSwidi ngamazwe. I okukhethekile Yunannes Sigfrid Edström kuyinto unjiniyela kagesi. Eminyakeni yakhe umfundi Edström iqhaza imincintiswano ku ukugijima, kwaba iqhawe Sweden. Ngo-1912, ngokusuka kwakhe, International Amateur Athletic Federation yasungulwa.

IOC Edström waba ilungu ngo-1920, futhi ngo-1931 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile iphini likamengameli le nhlangano. umsebenzi Ngaphezu kwalokho Yunannesa ithuthukiswe ngendlela elandelayo: ngemva kokufa Baillet-Latour, waba ibamba likamengameli, futhi ngo-September 1946, Edström akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Iminyaka eyisithupha, yena labetibambile kulesi sikhundla kuze kube ngo-1952. Imisebenzi Edstrema beza ngesikebhe, kunzima isikhathi post-yimpi. UMongameli zihlukaniswa isifiso sokuthuthukisa ukuhamba-Olympic, ukuze luqine. Wazama ukuyisebenzisa njengoba ithuluzi ukukhuthaza wokubambisana nokuqondana phakathi kwezizwe. Yu Z. Edström ehla abe ngumengameli ngo-1952. Uzinikele ke Avery Brundage. Edström waphila isikhathi eside. Ushonele 94 th unyaka owodwa wokuphila, ngo-1964.

E. Brundage

Ngakusasa iminyaka engu-20-IOC ukuthi isinikeze ekuphathweni kwaba ezandleni Avery Brundage. Yena waba nguMengameli kusukela 1952 kuya ku-1972. Wayeyisibonelo unjiniyela wezempi lisuka eMelika. Wayenezinkomo inkampani enkulu ukwakhiwa. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda e-University of Everi Brendedzh khona kabi wahlanganyela kwezemidlalo. Ngo-1912 waba nengxenye Yama-Olympic, aphethwe e Stockholm. Brundage kuyinto iqhawe US kulo mdlalo, njengoba elihlangene ithrekhi futhi ensimini izenzakalo. Waphinde waba yilungu IAAF umthetho.

Ngesiphakamiso Edstrema ngo-1936, u-Avery wakhethwa ilungu IOC. iminyaka engu-10 kamuva wamiswa lokuqala iphini likamengameli. Ngo-1952, Brundage akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli nsuku yokuncintisana (kwakukhona izicelo ezinhlanu). Phakathi neminyaka engu-20 ezayo, Everi Brendedzh wahola IOC.

Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi kweSoviet Union kanye ne-United States-Avery ngesineke, ngenkuthalo futhi bethukuthele wakhuthaza ngoba kutimela ezemidlalo kwezombusazwe. Lapho amasosha aseSoviet ngo-1956 lafika Hungary akuqede ukuvukela umbuso pro-Soviet, amazwe amaningana wanquma duba Amageyimu eMelbourne. Brundage ephendula ukuthi, uma njalo kwenqubomgomo yomthetho ukumisa mncintiswano, thina nje ngeke ulahlekelwe yizo. Ngo-1964, ngemva kokwehluleka kwe-iziphathimandla American lokunikeza visa yabadlali sase-GDR ukuya imincintiswano ku hockey Avery waxwayisa United States ukuthi uzolahlekelwa ebudlelwaneni bawo nezizwe ngezizwe, uma benquma uhlanganise ezemidlalo kanye nezombusazwe.

Brundage eposini yakhe akufeza ngenxa ukugcinwa nokuqiniswa yezemidlalo izibopho ngamazwe. Yena banamathela ukubukwa uyiphupho, ngezinye izikhathi zize ngisho ziphansi. Brundage abakuchilizela ulandele imithetho kanye nemithetho-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Waxoxela izimiso Coubertin, ngubani, kufanele kuphawulwe, ngezinye izikhathi alihambisani izinqubo ezenzeka ngesikhathi empilweni yomphakathi. Everi Brendedzh kuqhathaniswa liculo nokuvusa ifulege ngesikhathi udumisa abawinile Olympic Games. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ibonakalisa ubuzwe. Angiyithandanga kuye futhi amagoli uhlelo, okuyinto ichaza indawo iqembu lesizwe ku Ukuma jikelele kuma-Olympics. Avery bacabanga ukuthi kwakuphambene umoya nemithetho Imidlalo, okuyizinto imincintiswano phakathi abasubathi hhayi phakathi kwamazwe. Ezemidlalo umphakathi, ezwakalisa imibono yabo, maqondana kahle futhi abanamakhono umongameli IOC. Ngo-1972, u-Avery kubaqoqi post yakhe Killanin. Brundage ushone eneminyaka engu-98, ngo-1985.

Maykl Moris Killanin

Wachitha iminyaka engu-eyisishiyagalombili njengoba umongameli M. Killanin. Lokhu Irish Nkosi ukugwedla isibhakela, futhi waba ufakazi umgibeli kakhulu. Wathola imfundo lakhe Cambridge ezidumile -University of Paris. Killanin wasebenza njengoba intatheli, futhi iqhaza eMpini Yezwe II. Wayengumuntu isikhulu amabutho eBrithani. Ngemva kwempi, Maykl Killanin uye wabambelela ezikhundleni ezehlukene zokuphatha ezinkampanini ezimbonini.

Ngo-1950, waba uMongameli we-Irish NOC. Ngo-1952 waba ilungu IOC Killanin. Isikhundla sokuba ilungu leBhodi Nkosi Maykl Morris waqokwa ngo-1967, futhi kamuva omunye unyaka baba iphini likamengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Killanin umsebenzi iphakama kufinyelelwa 1972. okuthunyelwe kaMengameli we IOC ukuthi agcinwe, ngize 1980.

Michael wakwazi ukuthola izinhlobo okunengqondo ngaphezulu ubudlelwano phakathi IOC, le Ukube kanye NOCs - izixhumanisi ezintathu eziyinhloko kule nhlangano yama-Olympic. umsebenzi wayo uye waqinisa le ukunyakaza. Ngesikhathi u-Killanin kwakukhona kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi ezithile zezombangazwe, okuyinto kwakuhlobene impi iSoviet Union ngo-Afghanistan. Nokho, umugqa uhambisane owawusedolobheni ngu-Michael uvinjelwe ukwehluleka 12-Olympic Games in eMoscow. Maykl Killanin kwaba umsekeli inqubomgomo namaqiniso lolucikelela akhawunti emhlabeni. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukunyakaza-Olympic uyogcina zande nakakhulu. Ngezenzo uzibophezele ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, uMichael waklonyeliswa isikhundla esiphezulu Order of the amalungu WaseBrithani. Waze wafuna ukhetha isikhundla sokuba umengameli wezwe e-Ireland lwakubo. Ezweni umengameli IOC ukuhlonipha isintu nokwethembeka.

Juan Antonio Samaranch

ngokuqinisekile ekulalelweni igama lale ndoda. Marquis Juan Antonio Samaranch nguMengameli wakuleli IOC kusukela ngo-1980 kuya ku-2001. Yazalwa ngo-Barcelona ngo-1920. IOC uMongameli imisebenzi Ezemidlalo elilandelayo okwaqala njengokuhlaselwa umeluleki lezemidlalo kumasipala yakhe. UMongameli we-NOC iSpanishi, waba ngo-1962. iminyaka 4 kamuva H. A. Samaranch wakhethwa IOC ilungu. Kusukela ngo-1974 kuya 1978, Huang baba iphini likamengameli. Khona-ke iminyaka 3 Samaranch wasebenza e-USSR, ayekuyo inxusa of Spain.

Emhlanganweni eMoscow ngo-1980, i-Session 83rd ka-IOC ukuthi isinikeze, Juan Antonio akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. On nesikhundla esiphakeme kangaka, uye wagxila ikakhulu ku kwenta ncono imphumelelo-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Samaranch washikashikeka beqinisa igunya Olympic Movement, sokukhuphula ukuzinza yayo. Ebhekene kwesimo phakathi kwe-USSR futhi i-United States, kusukela ekuqaleni we yakhe, Juan Antonio benza konke ababengakwenza ukuze avimbele bazoyiduba Imidlalo e-Los Angeles. Wabathwala sezombusazwe nezimo futhi onekhono usewenze obuphathekayo, nisekeliwe eziningi ukunyakaza-Olympic ngaleso sikhathi. impumelelo Omkhulu wayenawo iMidlalo Yama-Olympic ngo-Seoul 1988 futhi Barcelona ngo-1992. Samaranch wakhulula-Olympic Movement kusukela uthuthumele zangaphandle. Eye ukuzinza yaso, kakhulu kwaqinisa esimweni sayo sezimali negunya. Isenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni kwaba isinqumo phezu kuthula-Olympic, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-eyaqala kuseshini laseGileyadi lama-48-UN General Assembly. 1994 kwathiwa unyaka ezinhle zama-Olympic kanye nezemidlalo.

ERussia umsebenzi Samaranch iye kabanzi adunyiswe. Julayi 14, 1994 ngemvume isimemezelo kamongameli, owawuthi Juan Antonio waklonyeliswa Order of Ubungane ngegalelo lakhe abalulekile ekuqiniseni nokuthuthukiswa ukunyakaza-Olympic emhlabeni wonke, ukwandisa indima yayo emzabalazweni ekugcinweni kokuthula phakathi kwezizwe.

Zhak Rogge

C 2001 kuya 2013 kwaba umongameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze Zhak Rogge. Wazalwa ngo-Belgium (Ganta) May 2, 1942 Rogge kuyinto udokotela wesayensi yezokwelapha, udokotela ohlinzayo olungisa amathambo. Uye wasebenza emkhakheni wezokwelapha ezemidlalo. Bala Zhak Rogge osikhulumayo isiFulentshi, isiDashi, iSpanishi, isiJalimane nesiNgisi. Yena iqhaza kathathu e-Olympics - ngo-1968, 1972 kanye nonyaka 1976. Zhak Rogge ekumelele ezweni lakhe mdlalo we ngomkhumbi. He is owawina World Cup, kanye kabili isiliva medalist yayo. Rogge, izikhathi 16 iqhawe Belgium, ukukhuluma ngomkhumbi. Kanti futhi uphinde abe iqhawe lombhoxo waseBelgium. Jacques wachitha ofeleba eziyishumi izwe lakhe.

Kusukela ngo-1991, yaba ilungu le-IOC, futhi kusukela ngo-1998 - ilungu Executive Committee. IOC uMongameli Rogge wakhethwa Julayi 16, 2001 eMoscow. IOC ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, wafuna ukudala i asathuthuka ithuba esiphezulu ukubamba iqhaza ukuqokwa lemizi yabo njengoba umfundi ukusingatha iMidlalo. Ngo-2008, i-Imidlalo abangu wokuqala owaqhutshelwa e-China.

Thomas Bach

Lokhu umuntu ubelokhu umongameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze kusukela ngo-2013 kuze kube manje. Wazalwa ngo neWürzburg, Disemba 29, 1953 Bach has zaseyunivesithi umthetho, kuyinto Doctor Yomthetho. Eminyakeni emihlanu, Thomas wasebenza ucwecwe uthango. Ngo-1971 wathola indondo zethusi ubuqhawe emhlabeni phakathi Juniors ngalo mdlalo. Ngo-1973, Bach won lendondo yesiliva ne fencers ithimba ezimele ezweni lakhe ngesikhathi seNdebe yoMhlaba.

Thomas Bach, kanye nezinye umongameli IOC, ifinyelele phezulu kakhulu ngalo mdlalo. Uye iqhaza imincintiswano eminingi in ucwecwe uthango. Ngo-1976, waba ingqwele yama-Olympic uma kwenzeka iqembu eMidlalweni Yama-Olympic e-Montreal. European Cup Bach iwine ngo-1978. Ngo 1977-78, waba ingqwele German emncintiswaneni ngamunye.

Ngo 1982-91 GG. Bach wayeyilungu National-Olympic Committee eJalimane. ilungu IOC waba ngo-1991, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu wakhethwa ukuba-IOC ukuthi isinikeze Executive Board. Kathathu Thomas Bach kwaba likamongameli-IOC ukuthi isinikeze: e 2000-04-m, m-2006-10 futhi 2010-13. Ngo-2013, eneminyaka engu-59, uThomas akhethelwe ukuba nguMengameli we-IOC ukuthi isinikeze. Waba German kuqala futhi iqhawe kuqala-Olympic, wathatha okuthunyelwe.