Umnotho Georgia ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR kanye nentuthuko yayo (kafushane). Indawo Georgia emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba

Umnotho Georgia sika namanje esikhathini nesenzakalo umbuso eSoviet Union ukuthi anezimboni ngokushesha. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1910s eminyakeni engu-60, endaweni yomcebo kazwelonke liye landa cishe 100-emhlanjini. Kwakungenxa Georgia kwadingeka amaholo enkulu nezinzuzo zezenhlalo. izizumbulu wayichitha uHulumeni ushintsho kusukela nezokulima ukuba emkhakheni wezimboni. Ngeminyaka yabo-1980 ekuseni lizwe wayezuzé ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, imikhiqizo metal kanye nemishini. Futhi uzinake yilona eliphezulu izinkomba namanye amazwe.

Umnotho eGeorgia ngemva kokuwa wase-USSR

Ngo ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union Eminyakeni yokuqala, isabelomali wezwe uye washintsha kakhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko mkhuba omubi emnothweni wasemakhishini ukuvinjelwa umongameli we Georgia ukuba ngiqhube ubudlelwane ukuhweba neRussia. Umphumela waba iconsi elibukhali ukusebenza ezimbonini tembuso kantsi 60% ekupheleni kuka-1992.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva isikhathi esibucayi abathintekayo production i-hhayi kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa futhi lonke umkhakha. Uyakhazinyuliswa kwamaSoviet, Georgia amaHlathi saphela ngokuphelele ukuba khona. ezokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda zezimboni labhujiswa. Lwemali yehliswa nge-9,000%. Umphumela waba ukukhiqizwa ukufinyela mass abangasebenzi, amaholo aphansi. Ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano emnothweni Georgian waqala kuphela ekupheleni 1995. Isizathu kwaba ukubolekisa umxhwele ezivela World Bank. Ngenhlanhla, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali samiswa, siye kwekuhlela kabusha ngempumelelo ezindaweni umkhakha namasevisi. Kusukela ngo-1996 kuleliya lizwe, ekugcineni, ngaqala ukugcina yokutakula zezimali.

Maphakathi nawo-kowezi-2000 kube incishisiwe 60% ukukhokha intela, ukhangwa eziningi zimali angaphandle ukusungula oxhumana nabo ababolekisi ngamazwe. Eminyakeni yamuva, umnotho Georgia ukanye nabo ebhizinisini angaphandle kanye infusions njalo wesikweletu.

wemboni nezokulima

Namuhla Georgia umnotho kungaba kafushane lingachazwa ngokuthi stably post-ezimbonini. Nokho, kuyinto indima bubaluleke kuze kube manje ukudlalwa ngezolimo. Kusukela ngo-1993 kuya 2008, umkhakha wezolimo lase linciphe ezingeni 25%. Leli sheya basakaza ngokulinganayo phakathi ezweni kwamasiko nemfuyo.

Ngemva bomnotho ka kowezi-2000 maphakathi, iziphathimandla Georgian ayekile ukwaba eningi ukuze kwesekelwe tekulima. Okwamanje, izwe ishiywa% 16 kuphela umhlaba ofanele ayihlwanyelayo. Iningi ezweni idluliselwe osomabhizinisi yangasese kanye nabalimi. I share komkhakha wakuleli wezolimo kuthatha 12% we-GDP wezwe. Muva nje, kwezitshalo isivuno kuyinto umkhiqizo eliphansi kakhulu. lonke Isizathu iyona ukusweleka njalo umquba kanye nemishini yesimanje. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi manje Georgia kuyinto okokuqala emlandweni walo, siyidinga sokungena ezengeziwe okusanhlamvu. umhlaba Vine kwehle 75%, itiye - 94%, kwamasiko - cishe u-50%.

Njengoba lemfuyo, ngisho lapha kunomkhuba ezimbi. Izimali kulo mkhakha yawela cishe 80%.

umkhakha izinkomba

Umkhuba omubi kule minyaka engu-20 edlule lapho futhi emkhakheni wezimboni. amazwe zezimboni Figure lehla 12%. Minyaka yonke, umnotho Georgia sika agcwaliswa yimboni 2-2.5 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Okuzuzisa kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa ningukukhanya nokudla izimboni, kanye izinsimbi non-ayoni. Sekube nokukhula ukukhiqizwa izimboni extractive nezimayini e amanzi, umkhakha igesi, ukhuni ukucutshungulwa namaminerali. Imboni yokudla kuyinsika komnotho Georgian. Iziphuzo kanye nokudla kuleli zwe zaziwa ngalé kwemingcele yayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene itiye, ugologo, iwayini, ugwayi, oilseeds, lamanzi esiphethu, kuzo izithelo ezithile nemifino.

Kufanele kuqashelwe embonini zamakhemikhali. isabelo sayo kuleli embonini yezwe ithatha mayelana 6%. Imikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu embonini kucatshangwa nitrogen umquba, ngidwebe ngopende kanye nokwenza ukuvenisha imikhiqizo ifayibha.

Amandla Okokhelekayo Complex

ukulahlekelwa abalulekile umnotho eGeorgia ihlangabezana unyaka ngamunye ngenxa 100% sokungena uwoyela. Iningi fuel kuthengwa e-Azerbaijan. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane unawe igesi yemvelo, kodwa kukhona kakade umphakeli enkulu kuyinto Russia. Amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi yezwe uhlezi phezu izitshalo eziningana ezinkulu ezishisayo kanye emifula amandla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu umthamo Generating ilawulwa zimali Russian. Esinye isici Georgian amandla eziyinkimbinkimbi ukusebenza okucishe kufane nalokhu zonke izinhlelo zangaphakathi kanye Azerbaijan.

Thermal izitshalo amandla ezimbili kuphela, kodwa bayakwazi ukumboza 2/3 yezwe. Ngokuqondene eziyinkimbinkimbi emifula ke inhliziyo yalo iyona Inguri amandla kagesi esiteshini, uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa amandla 1,300 MW. Iziteshi ezincane bungabonakala futhi Perepadnaya Vartsikhe.

Labanye umnotho

A neqhaza elikhulu esivumelwaneni isabelomali isimo ngonyaka ukuze ezokuxhumana. inzuzo yabo balinganiselwa ku 4% we-GDP. Leap kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kulo mkhakha womsebenzi kwaphawuleka ekupheleni 2008. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Georgia inikeza izindleko eqolo yeselula bezigaba ingeyesithathu emhlabeni.

namanye amazwe e Eminyakeni yamuva elinesimo yokwehla kakhulu. Ibhalansi negative kunqunywa ukwanda okufunekayo isidingo ukungena kuka emazweni angaphandle. Ethandwa kakhulu izimpahla Georgian kubhekwe ferroalloys negolide eluhlaza. Falls nomthamo ukukhiqizwa imithombo enjenge amalahle, manganese, futhi imikhando zethusi. Kodwa waphawula ngomkhumbi izivakashi ngenxa ukwesulwa umbuso visa.

isakhiwo zezimali

Ukwehla okukhulu kuyo yonke imikhakha production namasevisi inquma indawo yamanje Georgia emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba. Ngokuya kwe-GDP yezwe simo umugqa 113th kuphela. Treasury Georgia balinganiselwa ku $ 16.5 billion. Iholo elivamile ngenyanga lengenako uyahluka zamadola 300.

I ethile eyinhloko isakhiwo sezimali wezwe usengozini iziphi izici zangaphandle. Tbilisi umnotho kusekelwe ukubolekisa kanye nokutshalwa. Nokho, kuphela indlela iziphathimandla ungavala ukungeneli kwesabelo sezimali.

Kule minyaka eyi-10, usizo angaphandle Georgia zaba euro libe no 3 billion. Kuze kube yimanje, izikweletu Imininingwane yomphakathi idlula Dollars bhiliyoni 11..