Umlando we-volleyball. Umlando wokuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwebhola lebhola

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-1930 emhlabeni jikelele, i-volleyball ayinikezwanga ngokufanele ukuzilibazisa nokuzilibazisa. Umlando wokuvela komdlalo "i-volleyball" emazwenikazi ahlukene akufani, ngoba ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba kwakukhona imithetho ehlukene yomdlalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhutshwa kobuzwe kudlalwa emazweni amaningi (isibonelo, eMpumalanga Yurophu, lapho izinga laliphakeme kakhulu). Ngakho, i-volleyball yayiyizemidlalo yokuncintisana kakhulu, ebonakala ngomsebenzi ophezulu wokusebenza ngokomzimba. Konke kwaqala kanjani?

Ubaba waseVolleyball uWilliam G. Morgan

Ukhokho wegeyimu eyaziwayo manje wazalwa ngo-1870 edolobheni laseCalport, eNew York, lapho ahlala khona esemncane, eya esikoleni somphakathi futhi esebenza esikebheni sikayise emaphethelweni e-Old Canal Erie. Ngomnyaka we-1891, isiphetho saletha uMnuz Morgan omncane noJacob A. Naismith, obekuhloswe ukuba abe ukhokho web basketball. Ngemva kokuqeda isikole samalungiselelo eNorthfield, uMorgan waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe kwi-International Young Men's Association Association (YMCA) eSprinfield (manje eyi-Springfield College). E-Sprinfield, ithalenta elincane, elihlonipha amakhono akhe ezemidlalo, lihlanganyele eqenjini elidumile lebhola lebhola lebhola eliholwa u-Alonzo A. Stagga, omunye we "Grand Masters of Football". Ngo-1894, ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, uMorgan wavumelana nesiphakamiso somqondisi weqembu futhi wathatha isikhundla esifanayo njengomqeqeshi eHolyoke waseMassachusetts. Ngaleso sikhathi kwafakwa umlando we-volleyball. Ngamafuphi singasho ukuthi kwakuyimbonga kuJames A. Naismith ukuthi uMorgan wathola ithuba lokukhanyisa inkanyezi yakhe emkhakheni wezemidlalo.

Umdlalo wabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi?

Ngo-1895, ngaphambi komqondisi uWilliam. UMnu. Morgan wabhekana nesimo esibucayi: amakhono emidlalo nokuqeqesha emvuthweni odingekayo kufanele atholakale ngabantu banoma yibuphi ubudala, kodwa umdlalo webhasikidi osanda kuvela wawuthandwa kuphela kubantwana. Kubantu bendawo bendawo bendawo ephakathi, wayeneqile, ngoba wathatha amandla amaningi futhi akavumelanga ukuphumula. UMorgan wabhekana nalolu daba - udinga ukuzivocavoca umzimba, lapho ungadlala khona ngokuthakazelisa nangemva komsebenzi, nangesikhathi sokuphumula kwasemini. Njengoba uMorgan echaza lo mdlalo: "Umdlalo kufanele ube nomfutho wezemidlalo oqinile, kodwa ngaphandle koxhumana naye onobudlova."

Khona-ke wanquma ukwenza i-symbiosis yemidlalo eminingana, thatha okungcono kakhulu futhi wenze okuthile okusha; Lena yindlela yokuthuthukiswa ukuthi umlando womdlalo udlule. I-Volleyball ihlanganisa izinto ze-basketball (ibhola), i-tennis (igridi), ibhola le-handball (ukusetshenziswa kwebhola lokudla ibhola elikude), i-baseball (umqondo we-innings). Wonke amakhono ngokuphumelelayo afakwe emdlalweni "i-Mintonet", njengoba kwakuthiwa ngaleso sikhathi ngomdali. Nakuba kuqala ukuqashelwa komdlalo kwakungaphelele, nokho kwaphumelela ngokwanele ukunqoba izethameli kwinkomfa yezemidlalo yabaqondisi be-YMCA, egcinwe eSprinfield.

Umlando we-volleyball ukuthi kwakukhona kule nkomfa ukuthi uDkt. Alfred Halstead, uprofesa e-Sprinfield College, wachaza igama elithi "volleyball" njengesihloko somdlalo.

Ukuchitshiyelwa nokuqedwa kwemithetho

Izinguquko eziningi zidlulisele umlando we-volleyball, ukuze umdlalo usifike esithombeni esinjalo, njengoba siyazi manje. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ngaphezu kwakho konke, igama langempela lomdlalo ngokwawo lishintshile. Ngiyavuma, kungaba nzima ukucabanga uCarcha Kirali (umdlali we-volleyball waseMelika, iqhawe le-Olympic elingu-3 e-volleyball ye-classic ne-beach), edlala ogwini ku-Mintonet! Inombolo yabadlali nayo ishintshiwe: okokuqala ithimba lavunyelwa ukuba libe nabadlali abaningi abangakwazi ukulingana nengxenye yesikhulumi semitha ye-10x5, okungukuthi abantu abayisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa-ke, emva kokuqala, inani lahlehla lifika ku-6 eqenjini.

Amageyimu okuqala ku-gym kaMorgan adlalwa ngebhola ngekhamera enobuthi. Kodwa kakade ngo-1896 inkampani yezemidlalo ye-Spalding yakhipha i- volleyball yokuqala esemthethweni , futhi ngo-1900 ifomu elijwayelekile nesisindo sebhola cishe kufana nobukhulu obusetshenzisiwe namuhla.

Igridi yayiphakeme kunamageyimu wanamuhla ukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukudlala i-volleyball. Imithetho yomdlalo kanye nemlando yentuthuko selokhu ishintshile kakhulu. Namuhla ukuphakama kwenetha kuyinto 2.43 m futhi kancane kuka 2.24 m abesifazane. Ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuqala ye-volleyball, leli qembu lalingamaphesenti angama-21 ukuwina, futhi ngo-1917 le nombolo yanciphisa yaba ngu-15. Futhi ngo-1922 inani lebhola elivunyelwe ibhola lalilinganiselwe ku-ezintathu.

I-Volleyball ngaphandle kwe-USA

Naphezu kokuba umlando we-volleyball uvele kancane kancane phakathi neminyaka embalwa yokuqala, ngokushesha usakazeka ngaphesheya kweMelika ngenxa yabameli bezemidlalo, abavame ukuvakashela izikole zezithunywa zevangeli e-Asia. Umdlalo ngamazwi ambalwa wathatha indawo ehloniphekile emidlalweni yasempumalanga, futhi kakade ngo-1913 i-volleyball yaqala ukusebenza eRussia. Phakathi nomncintiswano wamazwe omhlaba owaqala ngawo-1950, iRussia yiqembu elikhulu futhi libonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. EYurophu, yonke indawo yaba nesithakazelo kwi-volleyball ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngo-1913 umlando we-volleyball owenziwe ngezwekazi lase-Asia ngokukhiqiza, kulo nyaka umdlalo wawufakwe ohlelweni lwemidlalo yokuqala yaseMpumalanga Ekude ehlelwe eManila. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi eside e-Asia badlala ngemithetho engasebenzi, okwakusho iqembu labadlali abangu-16 (abantu abaningi nokudlala umdlalo).

Imidlalo ethandwa kakhulu yatholwa emva kokudalwa kwamagatsha okuphatha okusemthethweni namahhovisi amele. Ngo-1928 kwakukhona i-United States Volleyball Association, ngo-1947. Yabizwa kabusha ngokuthi i-International Volleyball Federation (FIVB). Ngo-1949, ubuqhawe bamadoda bokuqala babanjwa ePrague, eCzechoslovakia.

Izinkomba zokubheka

Izibalo zokukhula kwenani labadlali e-volleyball zikhule kancane, njengoba kuchaziwe ku-1916 isihloko esibhalwe nguRobert K. Kabbun ngokuhlanganyela kweSpalding. I-Kabbun ilinganisela ukuthi inani labadlali lifinyelele abantu abangu-200 000, amaqembu amasha asatshalaliswa kanje: 70,000 ku-YMCA (abafana, intsha nabantu asebekhulile); 50,000 ku-YWCA (amantombazane nabesifazane). , Ezikoleni (abafana namantombazane) - abantu abangu-25 000. Futhi emakolishi (abafana) abantu abayi-10 000.

Ngo-1916, i-YMCA yakwazi ukuvusa ukukhula okunamandla ekuthandeni komdlalo phakathi kwabafundi beNational University Sports Association (NCAA), ukushicilela imithethwana yemithetho kanye nochungechunge lwama-volleyball.

Kusuka ejimini kuya esihlabathini

Ngo-1940 kwakhiwa esinye isitayela se-volleyball. Amathimba avela kubadlali ababili noma amane ahlangene emincintiswaneni ehlelwe emabhishi aseSalifornia, futhi maduzane amaqembu amahle aqala ukuhamba noma ahlele phansi ogwini ukuze ahlangabezane nokulwa namanye amaqembu. Umqhudelwano wokuqala we-volleyball wabanjwa eCalifornia ngo-1948.

Ukuphumelela okukhulu kwebhola le-volleyball yase-beach kwafika ngemuva kokusakaza ithelevishini e-Atlanta Olympic ngo-1996. Umlando womdlalo ubonakaliswe yimpumelelo enkulu ye-FIVB Swatch World Tour, futhi i-volleyball yase-beach yavula umgwaqo omusha ngokuphelele emhlabeni wonke.

Ibhola le-Volleyball

I-Beach Volleyball Association yasungulwa ngo-1965 ngenhloso yokuhlukanisa nokubeka imithetho kanye nokubambelela emidlalweni esemthethweni. Ngonyaka we-1976, abadlali abakhulu baphikisana nesikhwama somklomelo njengabadlali abahlonishwayo, ngo-1983 i-Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) yakhiwa ngabadlali besilisa. Ngesikhwama somklomelo, abadlali abangcono kakhulu e-volleyball bancintisana njengabadlali abaqashekile. Abesifazane bazenzela ukuzihlanganisa ngo-1986.

Lapho izinkanyezi ze-volleyball ze-Olimpiki zaqala ukubamba imincintiswano emabhishi, le midlalo yaba yithandwa kakhulu. I-volleyball yasebhishi isakaza kusukela eCalifornia kuya eFlorida, bese kuthi kwezinye izifunda, ngisho nalawo angenawo amabhishi. Kwezinye izindawo, babedlala endlini endlini yezihlabathi. Ngo-1993, i-volleyball yase-beach yayisithandwa kakhulu e-United States ukuthi le midlalo yayisakazwa kuthelevishini kazwelonke.

Ngo-1987, umdlalo wokuqala wamazwe omhlaba wawuqhutshwa phakathi kwamathimba amabili (volleyball). Abesifazane badlala umqhudelwano wokuqala lohlelo olunjalo ngo-1993.

Imivuzo yegolide

Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi i-volleyball yayithandanga hhayi kuphela ngamadoda asephakathi, njengoba kwakucatshangwa ekuqaleni, kodwa namantombazane amancane. Amageyimu wokuqala we-volleyball kazwelonke yaseMelika adlalwa ngo-1949, eminyakeni engu-54 emva kokuzalwa komdlalo. Imincintiswano yokuqala yomhlaba wonke eMoscow yabesifazane yabanjwa ngo-1952.

Namuhla imincintiswano yamadoda nabesifazane ekwenzeni i-volleyball ye-classic ne-beach iyingxenye yemidlalo yama-Olympic. Ngokuqala umdlalo we-Olimpiki waba umdlalo ngo-1964 eJapane. Izwe lasekhaya, iJapane neSoviet Union, lihlangana nabaholi, kanti abagijimi baseSoviet bathatha igolide esigabeni sabesifazane. Emkhakheni we-volleyball wamadoda, iSoviet Union nayo yaba nenzuzo, ngemuva kokuwina imidlalo yokuqala ye-Olimpiki abadlali bethu bathola izindondo emidlalweni emihlanu elandelayo. Ithimba le-volleyball lamadoda wase-US laphumelela ukunqoba ngo-1984 no-1988.

Umlando wokuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwe-volleyball esihlabathini washo okuningi kakhulu kunomdlalo we-classical. I-volleyball yasebhishi yaba umdlalo we- Olympic e-Atlanta kuphela ngo-1996 (kulo mqhudelwano phakathi kwe-USA, eBrazil nase-Australia).

Kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, lo mdlalo uthola uhambo olusha lwezokuthuthukiswa emidlalo yezemidlalo: imincintiswano yamazwe omhlaba njengemidlalo ye-FIVB World Championship, i-World League, i-World Grand Prix Championship, iMidlalo yama-Olympic inempumelelo enkulu.

I-Volleyball eRussia

Naphezu kokuthi i-volleyball yasungulwa eMelika, eRussia lo mdlalo washeshe waba nezimpande futhi wathandana. Futhi kangangokuthi eJalimane kwakubizwa ngokuthi abantu baseRussia. Futhi akumangazi, ngoba yizinkampani zaseRussia ezanikeza lo mdlalo izindawo eziyingqayizivele: ukuhamba kahle, ukugijima, isivinini. Emuva kuma-1920, ngokuhlanganyela kwabamqeqeshi baseMelika, amaqembu e-volleyball ahlelwe emadolobheni ambalwa aseRussia, futhi ngo-1922 lo mdlalo waba nesithakazelo eMoscow futhi wawufaka ohlelweni lokuqeqesha. Abantu bezemidlalo abasha yonke indawo baqala ukuncintisana kulo mdlalo. Kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseSoviet Union ukuqashelwa umdlalo okufanelekile, ikakhulukazi emva kokufakwa kwalo emncintiswaneni wezemidlalo. Amaqhawe amaSoviet izikhathi ezine athatha igolide ezindebe zomhlaba, izikhathi ezingu-6 zaba abadlali bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nabanqobile abangu-12 baseYurophu.

Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR, umlando we-volleyball eRussia awupheli. Ngo-1991, kwakhiwa i-All-Russian Volleyball Federation, eyagcina ulwazi lwabafundisi baseSoviet. Ngo-1993, iqembu lamadoda liyingxenye e-World League, lapho kuthatha indawo yesibili ehloniphekile. Ngonyaka ofanayo abagijimi baseTurku bathola indondo yethusi emncintiswaneni wezokuxhumana. Ulandela i-band of failures kuze kube ngu-1999 lapho iqembu livela umqeqeshi uG. Ya. Shipulin, iqembu lakhe elithola khona umdanso wesiliva emncintiswaneni waseYurophu bese iwina iNdebe yoMhlaba. Indlela eya emaphandleni yayinzima kakhulu, ngoba iqembu laseRussia lalibhekene namaqembu aqinile kunawo onke eHolland, e-Italy, eCzech Republic, eGrisi, naseYugoslavia. I-volleyball yaseRussia yaphinde yaphumelela ngo-2002 kuphela, lapho iqembu lizuze ukunqoba kwi-World League.

Imincintiswano elandelayo - I-World Championship kanye ne-Beijing Olympic - ibonwe ngemiphumela emihle emdlalweni kanye nokunqotshwa emidlalweni yokugcina eqondile, kanti okwamanje ishusi sasihambisana nabagijimi. I-2012-2013 ibhalwa ukunqoba okusha kwe-stellar eRussia - kuma-Olimpiki ka-2012 nase-European Championships.

Umlando we-volleyball ngezinombolo. Izenzakalo nezinsuku ezibaluleke kakhulu

1895: UWilliam G. Morgan (1870-1942) wenza umdlalo we-volleyball.

1896: ibhola le-volleyball lakhiwa futhi laqala ukukhiqizwa.

1922: Ukuncintisana kokuqala kwezwe kwaqhutshwa eBrooklyn, eNew York, lapho amaqembu angu-27 avela emazweni angu-11 ahlanganyela.

1928: kuyacaca ukuthi i-tournaments nemithetho iyadingeka. I-American Volleyball Association iyakhiwa.

Ama-1930: ukuzalwa kwebhola le-volleyball ebhishi emabhishi aseSanta Monica, eCalifornia.

1934: ukwamukelwa nokuhlonishwa kwabahluleli bamazwe e-volleyball.

1947: I-International Volleyball Federation (FIVB) yasungulwa; Umlando nemithetho ye-volleyball ibhalwe ngokusemthethweni .

1948: Umqhudelwano wokuqala we-beach.

1949: ukuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ePrague.

1964: I-Volleyball ifakwe kuhlu ohlwini lweMidlalo yama-Olympic eTokyo.

1965: I-Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) yakha.

1983: ukudalwa kwe-Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP).

1996: i-volleyball ebhishi yaqala njengomdlalo we-Olympic.

Ngo-1997: UDane Blanton uba ngumdlali wokuqala we-African-American professional beach soccer ukuwina umdlalo weMiller Lite / AVP.

2007: I-Kirche Kirali ishiya umsebenzi wezinkanyezi, ishiya ithrekhi engalibaleki. I-Kirali isivele ingumlando we-volleyball. Singasho kafushane ngokufezekisa kwakhe okwenyathele ama-tournaments iminyaka engu-24, ithimba lakhe lifinyelele emidlalweni engaphezu kwama-75% kuwo wonke amaphephandabeni ahlanganyela kuyo.