Umhlabathi we emathafeni: incazelo kanye kwebalingisi of

Tundra - insimu enkulu elinesimo sezulu elibuhlungu. Yini izitshalo bayakwazi ukusinda mibandela, hlobo luni inhlabathi ihlanganisa eyiqhwa, njengoba asetshenziswa kwezolimo, ukufunda lesi sihloko.

incazelo Umbala

Le ndawo imvelo usesikhundleni nsimu enkulu kusukela Kola ukuze yonke iNhlonhlo Chukotka. Umda wabo ubizwa wageza ngu-Arctic Ocean. Tundra sezulu libhekene air lokushisa ongaphakeme, sasehlobo esifushane futhi obunzima ebusika lapho sithatha izinyanga ezingu yisishiyagalolunye ngonyaka.

sici emathafeni isikhathi abandayo elihlobene ne imimoya evelele eningizimu esuka ezwekazini. Ehlobo kukhona sezulu engazinzile imimoya njalo uqine Northerly. Baletha snap ebandayo futhi lina kakhulu, inani avareji yonyaka ifinyelela amamilimitha angu ezine. Isithwathwa esehlanganise phansi kunazo zonke onyakeni, kufika ezinsukwini ezimbili nekhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa.

Hlobo luni inhlabathi emathafeni ase-? Le ndawo libhekene Peat bog kanye nenhlabathi wavuma podzolic. Sici sici khona emaxhaphozini. kumiswa yabo lihlotshaniswa Iqhwa, okuyinto has izakhiwo amanzi.

emathafeni Russian - indawo ye ongaphakeme ukwanda kwabantu. Lihlala abantu bomdabu: i-Nenets, amaChukchi, Yakuts, Sami nabanye. umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko abelusa. Incazelo emathafeni akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokukhuluma izindawo zezimayini, efana negolide, apatite, nepheline ore nokuningi. Ojantshi musa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo elikhulayo labantu. Lokhu kungenxa Iqhwa, okuyinto kuvimbela nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo.

Yiziphi emathafeni?

Tundra - a endaweni yemvelo, okuyinto amanga ngalé kwemingcele enyakatho yehlathi kwezimila. Kuyinto indawo nge Iqhwa, ukuthi akakaze amanzi kwezilwandle nemifula egcwele. It libhekene ngokwezinga elikhulu kusukela enyakatho kuze kube seningizimu, kuthinta isimo sezulu endaweni engaphansi kwaso. Ngakho-ke, lokhu okulandelayo izinhlobo emathafeni:

• Arctic. Athatha esiqhingini igama elifanayo, embozwe moss, ulele nezitshalo eziqhakazayo ezingavamile. I yamuva ayizona Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi nezihlahla encane. Lapha willow ezivamile, ukhuni Nymph, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi utshani kuropatochey. utshani zisetshenziswa ivezwa polar imbewu poppy, sedge engajulile, abanye okusanhlamvu saxifrage.
• Ukusakaza ezemvelo emathafeni ase wasenyakatho nogu ezwekazini. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kusukela e-Arctic ukuthi izimila endaweni zavalwa. Inhlabathi emathafeni amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye embozwe oluhlaza ulele lwentshebe futhi wona. Kukhona moss ezikhulayo. Izitshalo eziqhakazayo ayabaluleka wehlukile. Kungatholakala luzula, saxifrage noma mountaineer viviparous. Of nezihlahla - cranberry, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, rosemary, willow, birch yemifino.

• emathafeni South Russian, kanye enyakatho, ezahlukene izimila okuqhubekayo ihlanganisa imikhakha phansi. Umugqa phezulu ubuswa willow futhi birch yemifino, ngokwesilinganiso - nezihlahla utshani, ngenkathi lapho ukubusa ephansi kungokwalabo ulele futhi wona.

izitshalo ukusinda kanjani izimo ezinzima?

Tundra sezulu buye baphoqa izitshalo abaningi ukuba bathole amadivaysi okuthiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, otshala lapho Kuphendula noma Stel kukhasa phezu kwenhlabathi kanye amahlamvu lubuthwe lapho uphuma khona, usebenzisa ebusweni emoyeni izingqimba. flora efanele kuyasiza ukuze usinde iqhwa.

Ehlobo izitshalo ayalwa ukuba kulondolozwe umswakama, ekunciphiseni amahlamvu ngosayizi. Ngakho, kwamanzi ahwamukayo kuyehla, ekhuthaza nokugcinwa uketshezi. Ngokwesibonelo, Nymph ukhuni willow polar unamadivayisi zabo lapho ukuze usinde. On the underside we izitshalo babe pubescence obukhulu, okuyinto evimbela umoya ukunyakaza. Lokhu kusiza ukuphungula ukuhwamuka. Emathafeni ase-ikakhulukazi sikhule Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi. Ezinye zazo yilezi viviparous, okungukuthi, izithelo nembewu kuthiwa ama nokuyizigaxa esikhundleni. Ngokushesha izitshalo ezinjalo imile izimpande. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba sithole isikhathi esiyigugu.

Lapho emathafeni kuyinto enhle?

It is baphawula kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala emathafeni kuyinto enhle ngo-August. Phakathi nokuvuthwa cloudberry emathafeni ukushintsha oluhlaza ibe bomvu, bese-ke uzolunga uma amajikijolo ku-yellow elikhanyayo. Cloudberry iyona isihlobo esiseduzane we okusajingijolo kanye libhekisela imbiza zisetshenziswa. Its sifanamsindvo kungukuthi embozwe ameva izimbali nokunye okuningi. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi izithelo angavuthiwe zibomvu kanye sesivuthiwe - orange. Izakhamuzi bayakwazisa cloudberry nezimfunda. Kusukela amajikijolo yayo kuphekwa ujamu. Izithelo asetshenziswa ifomu ofakwe futhi steamed.

Ngokwesibili ubuhle emathafeni liphinyiselwe Septhemba ngoba kule nyanga ibizwa ngokuthi ekwindla segolide. amahlamvu isihlahla phuzi, kusukela lapho konke licwebezele. Lesi sikhathi ozithandayo amakhowe pickers. emathafeni inhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi evumayo ukuze lapha ukhule amakhowe, okuyinto zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha izihlahla bomdabu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi awayona wormy.

nenhlabathi gley

Ngo ukuthungwa iphathelene esindayo inhlabathi: loam nobumba. Situ kukhona Ridged emathafeni glacial. Iqhwa thaws a yabangamashumi amahlanu ukujula ngayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu ngamasentimitha. nenhlabathi Tundra-gley kuthiwa leached ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, phakathi kwazo kukhona akukho nosawoti kalula encibilikayo futhi carbonates.

Kodwa bacebile imikhiqizo weathering futhi humus okuqukethwe kule umkhathizwe engenhla amaphesenti ayishumi. Peaty futhi humus lakwa emathafeni ase-aqukethe amane amaphesenti humus. subzones ezingefani impendulo ngokungalingani nenhlabathi. Kwenye indawo kuba esidi, elinye - kancane acid, kanti eyesithathu - hlangothi.

inhlabathi isakhiwo morphological

• Isendlalelo phezulu uhlobo udoti semidecomposed wona kanye ulele. umthamo Its amasentimitha ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu.
• Horizon, ehlanganisa humus iluhlaza noma umquba nomthamo amasentimitha kuze kube nambili. Lokhu olumanzi loam obunsundu noma grey umbala nge izimpande esinabantu munye. inhlabathi ezifana It has an umngcele okungamukelekile inguqulelo ecacile.
• Horizon, ephethe namandla amasentimitha eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Ibizwa ngokuthi illuvial. Ukuboshelwa ngesineke ngemuva - ensundu izindawo ibuthuntu kubemhloshana aluhlaza-grey. It umkhathizwe loamy ne izimpande eziningi.
• umkhathizwe Gley. umthamo Ezazimzungezile - amabili kuya ngamasentimitha amabili nanhlanu. Hlobo luni inhlabathi emathafeni ase-? It has a umbala onsundu nge bluish umbala ukufiphala. Ngezinye izikhathi isizinda ebonakalayo nokugqwala izindawo. Lokhu umkhathizwe loam, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile - thixotropic. umswakama ezahlukene kanye esincane izimpande.
• umkhathizwe Illuvial. umthamo Ezazimzungezile - nambili nanhlanu ngamasentimitha. Painted Ukuboshelwa, ingemuva sinombala. Kukhona amnyama amabala oluhlaza-grey futhi ibuthuntu. Horizon loamy, olumanzi eyaneleyo, inani elincane izimpande. Phansi kubonakala frost. Ngokuvamile thixotropic.
• Loamy umkhathizwe gley simnyama aluhlaza-grey umbala. Iqukethe emithanjeni abaningi ice.

Uyini lo mkhuba thixotropy?

Lesi isimo lapho ixhaphozi inhlabathi ngaphansi ukucindezeleka mechanical bayakwazi ukushintsha esimweni saso kusuka uquqaba viscous-plastic esihlabathini esimanzi esiwukuphila. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, inhlabathi wabuyela esimweni saso sokuqala. Futhi nomswakama akuyona encishisiwe. emathafeni Continental akuvamile othambekele lo mkhuba thixotropy, okuyinto kunciphisa subzones ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Lokhu kusebenza futhi gley nenhlabathi.

Ukusebenzisa emathafeni nenhlabathi kwezolimo

Igatsha oyinhloko ukukhiqizwa emathafeni ase-Arctic kuyinto reindeer. kancane kakhulu, kodwa ihamba kanye nezolimo. Kwezinye izindawo zaqala ukukhula amazambane, iklabishi, isithombo, izaqathe, turnips nezinye imifino. Iziteshi kokulinganisa futhi isimo amapulazi futhi ukhule ezinye izitshalo.

Ukuthuthukisa ezweni elisha, acabangele izici ezingezinhle okuyizinto eyinqaba emathafeni nenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukutshala kukhona amanzi abo, ukusebenza izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo, ngcono aeration, ukuqedwa yokuba nemiphumela elimazayo frost nokuningi. Lokho inhlabathi efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa yezolimo, ke avundiswa ngomanyolo, Peat, organic umquba amaminerali. Inhlabathi emathafeni umthelela ukuhlolwa ukutshalwa kuyahlukahluka. Inkomba best kuyinto ukwehla eyiqhwa. umphumela wawo ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo is kakhulu ziyancipha.