Umgomo "tetrakis": yokusetshenziswa, ukwakheka, Izimo

Ukugonywa - kuphela nandlela uvikele ingane yakho kusukela abanezifo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ingane ithola inombolo enkulu isibhamu. "Tetrakis" lingasetshenziswa tekwakha amazwe wokugoma amasosha omzimba ethize ngokumelene ngqi, pertussis, idiphtheria novendle. Umuthi has ngezinga eliphezulu lokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlanzekile futhi ingasetshenziswa ukugoma izingane ngisho nalapho sengineminyaka emithathu.

incazelo wokugoma

Ezinganeni, ezinye izifo zenzeka okunzima ngokukhethekile. Ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa futhi ukuvikela ingane yakho kusuka emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, ochwepheshe batusa yokugoma isimiso. Okwamanje, le nqubo ubhekwa yamukelwe. Nokho, nge obhekwe ingane kuzalwa emkhayeni abazali abaningi bacabanga ngesidingo ngokuxhunyelelwa. Ukutadisha imithombo ehlukahlukene yokwaziswa, ungakwazi bazithole imicabango yabantu eziphikisa.

"Tetrakis" kuyinto Umuthi ophumelelayo wokugoma kakhulu lapho, ngokusho imfundo, iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba emzimbeni ngokumelene lezi pathologies esithathelwanayo esiyingozi ezifana pertussis, idiphtheria, ngqi novendle (3 izinhlobo). Uveza izidakamizwa inkampani French "Sanofi Pasteur", enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ukwenziwa kwemithi yokugoma abantu.

umgomo

Umuthi iyatholakala njengendlela ukumiswa, senzelwe abaphathi esicutshini. Omunye umuthi wokugoma umthamo (0.5 ml) elondolozwe ku isipetu nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa. Leli fomu ukukhululwa zomuthi esivumelana ngempela ukuyisebenzisa futhi aqede kungenzeka yokweqisa.

ithuluzi Kuhlanganiswe iqukethe izingxenye elandelayo ngezithako zawo:

• ngqi toxoid - hhayi ngaphansi kuka-40 IU;
• acellular pertussis toxoid - hhayi ngaphansi kuka 25 IU;
• idiphtheria toxoid - ezingeqile kwezingama-30 IU;
• hemagglutinin filamentous - 25 micrograms;
• uhlobo lokuqala uvendle igciwane - 40 D;
• Uhlobo lwesibili uvendle igciwane - 8 D;
• uhlobo lwesithathu uvendle igciwane - 32 D.

Iqhaza yezingxenye asizayo wasebenzisa izinto ezifana Hanks amanzi ophansi umjovo, acetic acid (noma i-sodium hydroxide), formaldehyde aluminium hydroxide, phenoxyethanol.

mshini wezenzo

Inoculation iwukuba ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba ku-ejenti causative of pertussis, idiphtheria, ngqi novendle. Ukulungiswa iqukethe kuphela acellular (acellular) antigen ka idiphtheria kanye ngqi toxoid, woVendle igciwane, futhi izinhlobo ezintathu cell udonga izingxenye pertussis lwegciwane.

"Tetrakis" kusiza ukwakha ukuzivikela komzimba ekuhlaseleni ejenti pathogenic kufanele kudliwe. Kunconywa ukuba bacedzela ngalokucwebe tifundvo yokugoma. Phakathi nonyaka wesibili, "tetrakis" ukuphila izingane kufanele athole 3 esenikwe umgomo.

Goma izidakamizwa French izingane avunyelwe emidala kuno izinyanga 3. Umgomo ubuye efanelekayo kabusha lokugoma ngonyaka wokuphila wesibili. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka wokugoma emva ukusetshenziswa nezinye izidakamizwa uma baye babangela ukuba nemiphumela engemihle.

Lapho ukuba bagome?

Ukugoma ngokumelene ukukhwehlela whooping, idiphtheria nomhlathi-ngqi olwenziwa ngokuvumelana uhlelo ezivamile. Zonke analogue ezifuywayo wokugoma (DTP) ngokumelene kulezi zifo zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo. Kuxhunyelelwa "tetrakis" wethula komntwana kathathu ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izinyanga ezisukela 3.

Isikhawu phakathi ngemithamo kufanele kube yini isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinsuku 45. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma wokugoma eyinhloko kwenziwa lapho umntwana izinyanga ezintathu, umthamo yesibili angafakwa kuphela izinyanga 4.5, kanti eyesithathu - ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Uma kudingekile, udokotela-immunologist Ungakhetha isikimu ezahlukene ngokuxhunyelelwa. I revaccination lokuqala Kunenkolelo unyaka owodwa emva umjovo zokugcina.

Ingabe ngidinga zigonywe kuze kube unyaka?

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala 12 zokuphila ingane kuboniswa ukwenza imigomo embalwa ezifweni eziyingozi. ingane komthamo wokuqala kakhulu yomgomo ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B uthola ngosuku zokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Nokho, muva nje, ukwehluleka evame kakhulu yokusebenzisa abazali kusuka ukugoma izingane ngaphambili. Izizathu zalokhu zikhona.

Odokotela abaningi zizizwa zinecala ezimpilweni zezingane, kutuswa ukuba ugweme yokugoma phakathi nonyaka walo wokuqala wokuphila. umzimba Fragile wengane akakabi Ukulungele ukuhlangabeza ngamagciwane eziningi kangaka, ngisho buthaka.

Ukunquma basenza imigomo kwaze kwaba unyaka weshumi ingane, udinga ngokucophelela ukukhethwa izidakamizwa ukuzifinyelela. Abazali abaningi abafuni khulula yasekhaya yokugoma atholakalayo emitholampilo zezingane, futhi bakhetha ukuthenga ephezulu imikhiqizo amazwe. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla lokugoma ne DTP nje umgomo French "tetrakis" uye ngaphezu kwalokho sakhiwa i woVendle igciwane.

Indlela ukulungiselela ingane yakho?

Ngaphambi yokugoma kumele uqaphele ukwenza ngokuvumelana nawo ingane. Lapho ukungahlaliseki, isifiso sokudla abampofu, ukuqubuka kusukela inoculation kumelwe zilahlwe. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi yokugoma kumele kudlule ephelele kakhulu segazi, umchamo. izifundo Laboratory kudingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe azikho izinqubo ezifihliwe sokugembula emzimbeni futhi ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele phambili senziwa umgomo.

Ingabe ngidinga kudokotela oyisazi sezinzwa ngezindleko kokubonisana?

yokugoma Multi-ingxenye uye iyayithusa njalo abazali. Ayikho ngaphandle kanye izidakamizwa "tetrakis", equkethe ukubunjwa pertussis yayo toxoid. It is lokhu ingxenye ngokuvamile kubangela ukusabela okungekuhle yomzimba isimiso sezinzwa. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kutuswa ukuba kudokotela. Ngeke ukuhlola isimo wosana ikhaliphe futhi khona ngeziphambeko ezifana kwesilevu ethuthumela, Ukudlikizela.

Kwezinye izimo, ingane enqunyiwe ultrasound ubuchopho neyronosografiyu. Ukuxilonga aqede ophezulu intracranial nezinye izifo zezinzwa. Ezinganeni abanemizimba okuvela nokuquleka ngokwandisa lokushisa ukuze 38-39 ° C, immunologists Sisikisela iqondiswa wokugoma entula pertussis toxoid.

Lapho awukwazi zigonywe?

Ngamunye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukugoma izingane kanye nabantu abadala, has Izimo yayo. Ukugonywa kuhlanganiswe izindlela "tetrakis" akuyona eyenziwa ngaphansi ngeziphambeko ezilandelayo:

• odlule ukusabela iguliswa umgomo;
• hypersensitivity kuya izingxenye wokulungiselela;
• encephalopathy;
• yokhokho ukulimala ekhanda;
• somoya;
• ukuquleka;
• ingane inezimpawu SARS kuyagcinwa.

Kulo mBhalo, uyephuza lokugoma ngesikhathi. Phawula ukuthi "tetrakis" njengoba yasekhaya wokugoma DTP, ubhekwa uqine futhi kungabangela ukusabela ezahlukene izivikeli mzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "tetrakis" wokugoma kuyinto ukuhlanzwa, okuyinto kakhulu kunciphisa ingozi izinkinga. Ngekusetjentiswa kahle umuthi wokugomela izingane thrombocytopenia.

Indlela yokwenza wokugoma?

lokugoma Ingane kumele kwentiwe egumbini lokugoma by nabezokwelapha abaqeqeshiwe. Ngaphambi umjovo, unesi kumelwe nithintithe isipetu ne nomuthi ukwakha ukumiswa eyohlobo emhlophe. Injected intramuscularly kuphela.

Izinsana isikhathi esingaba iminyaka emibili ababoniswe izidakamizwa iqondiswa phakathi anterior lateral (anterolateral) ethangeni kwemisipha. Izingane ezindadlana zigonywe "tetrakis" ukwenza imisipha ehlombe.

Ngaphambi ukwethulwa izidakamizwa kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi inalidi akusho hit esibuthakathaka igazi. emthanjeni okunqatshelwe kanye nokuphathwa ongama kwezimali.

Ukuxhumana nabanye yokugoma

Umenzi uthi umgomo "tetrakis" ingasetshenziswa kanyekanye nezinye imithi. Okuwukuphela yokwelapha immunosuppressive. Umuthi ingasatshenziswa kanye wokugoma yokulwa nesimungumungwane, rubella futhi mumps ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. kubekezelelwe kahle izingane kanyekanye yokugoma ukulungiselela "uMthetho-Hib" futhi lisho "tetrakis".

side effects

Kakhulu izidakamizwa ayivamile ukubangela nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni, ngokungafani Analogue yasekhaya - wokugoma DTP. Izinkinga yokugoma avame obonakala njengenhlangano a reddening kancane isikhumba ngesikhathi indawo umjovo. yokusabela umzimba okunjalo kutholakala cishe njalo ingane. Ngaphansi ngokuvamile babonakala kubekwe uphawu futhi soreness. izimpawu ehlobene ngokuvamile eba ngaphakathi amahora angu 48 emva nokuphathwa umgomo.

Libuye ukwanda kunokwenzeka e lokushisa lomzimba kuya 38 ° C. Nge umphumela onjalo ohlangothini ezibhekene nabazali 10% izingane zigonywe "tetrakis". Izibuyekezo ukusho ukuthi emva yokugoma ezinganeni angatlhayela esesuthi, ukulala ngezinye izikhathi siyabhubha, ukucasuka livela. Uma kudingekile, ingane kumele unikezwe imithi antipyretic.

I yokusabela kuya yokugoma eziyinhloko ingase kubonakaliswe ngesimo ubuhlungu emlenzeni. Lokhu uphawu sivame ngokuphelele ngemva kwamahora angu-24. Uma ubuhlungu iqhubeka, kufanele ufune usizo lukadokotela.

Ukuthambekela wengane iguliswa ukusabela emva nokuphathwa izidakamizwa singenzeka isifuba, ukulunywa kwesikhumba. Ngakho odokotela batusa izingane izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala yokugoma ukunikeza antihistamine e Isikali zeminyaka efanelekile.

"Pentaxim" noma "tetrakis"? Izibuyekezo

Enye French wokugoma nomkhiqizi ethandwa, "Sanofi Pasteur" kuyinto "Pentaxim". Ithuluzi futhi senzelwe nokuvimbela idiphtheria, ngqi futhi pertussis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umgomo inhlanganisela evumela umzimba ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba ngokumelene Hib futhi ezintathu izinhlobo zokusha kwesibindi. Tetanus toxoid ixhunywe ingxenye hemophilic e isipetu ehlukile.

"Pentaxim" ingenye yokugoma ambalwa okukuvumela ukuthola ukuvikelwa 5 ngokushesha yingozi izifo umntwana. Uma isidingo ukugoma ngokumelene Hib engekho, nayo ingane angaxhumana lesi sidakamizwa "tetrakis". Izindleko izimali nxazonke 300 ruble.

Bobabili imithi yokugoma iye wathola eziningi nezincomo ezinhle kakhulu. Abazali abaningi ukuthenga le mithi ukuze ukugoma kuphephile kwezingane. Imigomo nezilandiso. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi "Pentaxim" ingxenye iqukethe woVendle lwegciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imigomo eminye uqhubeke ukusebenzisa amathonsi "bukhoma". Ngamunye inoculation isikimu ngomntwana eba i immunologist.