Umbhali Irish, imbongi nombhali wamafilimu Bekket Semyuel: A Biography, izici amaqiniso zokudala futhi ezithakazelisayo

Irishman Bekket Semyuel uphakathi abawinile uMklomelo KaNobel okuthiwa umbhedo etemibhalo. Ukujwayeleka ngomsebenzi wakhe lisebenzisa IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi, ukuhumusha Russian waqala ne play "Ilinde Godot". It wayengadlali owakhuphula impumelelo lokuqala Beckett (ngenkathi 1952 - 1953 iminyaka). Njengamanje, impela wemidlalo odumile Semyuel Bekket. Udlala iminyaka ezahlukene yibo, ukubeka yeshashalazi amaningi emhlabeni wonke.

Izici play "Ilinde Godot"

I Analogue wokuqala, ezama ukuthola ukuqonda ukufunda Beckett - netiyetha ufanekisela Maeterlinck. Lapha, njengasezulwini Maeterlinck, nokuqonda injongo okwenzekayo kungenzeka kuphela uma ungazami ukuqala kusukela imikhakha zangempela izimo. Kuphela izinyathelo ukudluliswa ngolimi izimpawu ukuqala eyolanda ku izigcawu "Godot," umqondo umlobi. Nokho, imithetho ukudluliselwa enjalo bebodwa ehlukahlukene kangaka futhi kumnyama, ukuthi ezilula pick up the keys akunakwenzeka. Beckett yena ligcizelele wenqaba ukuchaza incazelo efihliwe of tragicomedy.

Njengoba Beckett uhlolwa amakghonwabo

Lapho kuxoxwa, uSamuweli, ngokuthinta okushiwo umsebenzi wakhe, kusho impahla ngawo okusebenza - kungcono ngokungazi, nokuvusa induku. Wathi ukuthi ukuhlola endaweni, ukuthi abaculi ukhetha ukuhamba eceleni njengoba into engahambelani ngobuciko. Kwesinye isenzakalo, Beckett uthe ubengazi isazi sefilosofi, futhi ungalokothi ukufunda imisebenzi zefilosofi, ngoba abaqondi lutho ngalokho babhala. Wathi unesithakazelo akusilo isu, kodwa kuphela kwindlela basuke wazwakalisa. Awunantshisekelo Beckett neenkambiso. Umsebenzi umdwebi, ngokombono wakhe, - ukuze uthole ifomu ngokwanele ukudideka futhi lokudlela esiwabiza ngokuthi khona. Kuyinto inkinga ka fomu okuqhamile nge isinqumo IsiSwidi Academy.

Umsuka Beckett

Uyini umsuka yokubukwa Beckett sika aholela ekubeni kulezo zikhundla kakhulu? Ingabe izwe engaphakathi umbhali ukucacisa biography yayo emfushane? Semyuel Bekket, kumele wathi, wayengeyena umuntu lula. Amaqiniso of Life kaSamuweli njengeyingxenye abacwaningi lekubuka umsebenti wakhe ezisikhanyisela kakhulu ku umsuka bezibona emhlabeni somlobi.

Wazalwa Semyuel Bekket (Samuweli Beckett) ekhatsi Dublin, indodana amaProthestani acebile zenzisa. Okhokho balezi umbhali, isiFulentshi amaHuguenot, ekhulwini le-17 e-Ireland, enethemba lokuthi ukuphila okunethezekile futhi inkululeko engokwenkolo. Kodwa uSamuweli kusukela ekuqaleni abazange kuthathe amakhulu eminyaka ngesisekelo zenkolo nemibono umndeni. "Abazali bami - uthi - anginike lutho ukholo lwabo."

isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa, imisebenzi zokufundisa

Ngemva kokutadisha esikoleni elite, bese ngo okufanayo ongumJesuit Trinity College Dublin, lapho kanye wafunda Swift, bese Wilde, Beckett iminyaka emibili emsebenzini nokufundisa e Belfast, wathuthela Paris futhi wamabhuku uthisha intern isiNgisi ngesikhathi Ephakeme esikoleni Jwayelekile bese eSorbonne. Nsizwa ufunde okuningi abalobi esithandayo babe Dante futhi uShakespeare, uSocrates Descartes. Kodwa ulwazi abazange ukuletha ezolile kuze kube umphefumulo ukubuyisa. Cishe ngemva kweminyaka bakhe bokuqala, uyakhumbula: "Ngangizwa ubuhlungu Ngasizwa ngayo impilo yakho yonke, wamisa nalo.". Beckett wavuma ukuthi estranged ezingasho kubantu, nangayiphi indlela iqhaza. Futhi ke sekuyisikhathi ukuqedela disorder Beckett kokubili nge uqobo kanye nabanye.

Izimbangela sifo nezwe

Uyini umsuka yokuma intransigent ezithathwe Semyuel Bekket? Umlando wakhe hhayi kakhulu icacisa leli phuzu. Ungakwazi ubheke emkhathini yorabi emkhayeni, ongumJesuit College ngobulukhuni: "Ireland - ezweni theocrats futhi censors, Angikwazanga abahlala khona." Nokho, e-Paris, egcwele amavukelambuso futhi bavukeli ubuciko, Beckett akaphunyuki umuzwa wokuba nesizungu esingenakuphikiswa. Wahlangana uPawulu Valéry, u-Ezra Pound futhi Richard Aldington, kepha akekho kulaba amatalenta akazange abe igunya elingokomoya ngaye. baba kuphela uNobhala etemibhalo James uJoyce, Beckett ezitholakala shefe "enhle wokuziphatha okuhle 'futhi satshela uJoyce ukuthi wayisiza ukuba iqonde ukuthi injongo umculi. Noma kunjalo, obeqeqesha - hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimo zokuphila (unrequited uthando indodakazi uJoyce ukuba Beckett ukwenza kungenzeki Ukuvakashela endlini kaJoyce, waya e-Ireland), kodwa futhi art.

Lokhu kwalandelwa izingxabano engenamsebenzi nonina, uzama wazihlukanisa emhlabeni ngaphandle (izinsuku akakushiyeli endlini, ecashele izihlobo eziwuhlupho nabangane endaweni zibuthuntu ukudweba ehhovisi amakhethini), ukuvakasha lutho zasemadolobheni aseYurophu, ukuphathwa emtholampilo ukucindezeleka ...

aseqala Literary, umkhiqizo wokuqala

Beckett seziqalile ukusetshenziswa wakhe inkondlo "Bludoskop" (1930), khona kwabonakala indaba Proust (1931) noJoyce (1936), iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha kanye incwadi izinkondlo. Kodwa ayikho into esasingayenza ngaphandle impumelelo, le misebenzi, okuyinto zidalwe Semyuel Bekket. "Murphy" (ukubuyekeza kule noveli wayebuye engathandeki) - umkhiqizo kwafika insizwa ezilethwa eLondon zivela Ireland. Le noveli sinqatshiwe abamemezeli 42. Kuphela ngo-1938, lapho uphelelwa yithemba, ehlushwa ukugula ngokwenyama engapheli, kodwa ngaphezulu abaqaphela Ireland zabo into engenamsebenzi zincika unina, Bekket Semyuel wake washiya yalungisa futhi e-Paris, omunye kulaba bamemezeli babe "Murphy". Noma kunjalo, incwadi wahlangana ukuzibamba. Impumelelo weza kamuva, akazange asheshe eyaduma Bekket Semyuel, ogama amabhuku zaziwa futhi abathandwa abaningi. Ngaphambi ukuthi uSamuweli kwadingeka akhuthazelele ngesikhathi sempi.

sempi

Impi wabanjwa Beckett e-Paris, futhi walidabula aphume ngabodwa atikhiphele. Life wathatha ezinye ukuma. Baboshwe nokubulawa baye sekuyinsakavukela. Abesabekayo kakhulu Beckett umbiko ukuhlukana kwabangane abaningi bakudala ukusebenza abebephakathi. Ngaye, ukukhetha asivelanga. Bekket Semyuel waba ilungu elishisekayo we ukumelana ngasebenza iminyaka emibili namaqembu ngasese "Inkanyezi" futhi "Inkazimulo", lapho aziwa isidlaliso Irishman. yemisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa ukuqoqa ulwazi, ilihumusha isiZulu, umakhalekhukhwini. Sibe ukuya emachwebeni, lapho amabutho aseJalimane abangu bagxila ulwandle. Lapho amaGestapo ethola iqembu kanye ukuboshwa waqala, Beckett wangena ukufihla edolobhaneni eningizimu yeFrance. Khona-ke, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa wasebenza njengoba umhumushi iRed Cross e esibhedlela samasosha. Ngemva kwempi waklonyeliswa ngendondo "Ukuze Izikhungo e Battle". I-oda we-General de Gaulle wathi: "Beckett, Sam enesibindi kakhulu ... wayenza umsebenzi, ngisho nakuba usengozini ofayo."

Nokho, eminyakeni engu-Martial, awuzange ushintshe isimo sengqondo elibuhlungu Beckett, okuzokwenza ukucacisa inkambo yokuphila kwakhe futhi ukuvela lokusungula. Wake wathi ukuthi emhlabeni akukho ukuma ngaphandle lokusungula.

Impumelelo eside elindelwe

Impumelelo Beckett ukuza phezulu 1950s. Amathiyetha kakhulu eYurophu usuqalile ukubeka play wakhe "Ilinde Godot". Esikhathini kusuka 1951 kuya ku-1953, wakhipha umqulu trilogy temibhalo yephrozi. Ingxenye yokuqala - noveli "The Mall", owesibili - "Malone uyafa 'kanti eyesithathu -" Untitled ". Lokhu trilogy ukwenze umbhali omunye abaculi abadumile nezinethonya kwekhulu lama-20 izwi. Lezi amanoveli, ayesetshenziselwa ukwakha izindlela ezintsha zolimi olubhalwa athwale zifana kancane nelivamile amafomu etemibhalo. Zilotshiwe isiFulentshi, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana Beckett babahumushela isiZulu.

USamuweli, kulandela ukuphumelela play wakhe "Ilinde Godot", wanquma ukuthuthukisa njengoba umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Umdlalo "Mayelana konke ukuwa," yadalwa ngo-1956 Ngo-1950 ngasekupheleni - 1960 ekuseni. kwakukhona imisebenzi elandelayo: ". Happy Days" "Endgame", "Tape Krapp Kokugcina" futhi Babeka isisekelo yaseshashalazini the okungenangqondo.

Ngo-1969, Beckett waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel. Mangisho ukuthi uSamuweli kahle ikubekezelele bagxila ukuthi uhlale ehamba odumo. Wavuma ukwamukela uMklomelo KaNobel kuphela isimo ukuthi engakutholi ke yathi nokusho zifanele zishicilelwe isiFulentshi Beckett nomngani zakhe esezinesikhathi eside zimkhonza UJérôme ULindon. Lesi simo kwagcwaliseka.

Izici Nguwe Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - umbhali amanoveli amaningi udlala. Bonke amelela ubuthakathaka abantu emandleni izimo nemikhuba, ngaphambi izingilazi meaninglessness zokuphila. Kafushane, kwaba yinto engenangqondo! Awu, makube aluhlaza cwe. Kungenzeka, futhi umbono ikusasa lomuntu okunjalo akukhona engadingekile.

Impikiswano kwabheduka emhlabeni umbhedo tetemibhalo, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthi art okunjalo futhi art ngokuvamile ukuthi kwamukelekile? Kodwa masikhumbule amazwi omunye Irishman, uWilliam Yeats, owathi abantu kufanele aqondwe zonke izimo kungenzeka, ukuthi akukho uhleko okumunyu kakhulu, indida acute kakhulu, uthando ezimbi kakhulu ... Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kwakuyokwenzekani ngalo umphakathi lapho izindlela futhi esebenzisa ubuciko imingcele eqinile nakho ngeke kusize eziphoqelelwe. Nokho, noma aphendukele ngokweqile umcabango - umlando, neyethu ikakhulukazi, uyazi izibonelo ezinjalo. Qeda lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho edabukisayo Procrustes: lamasosha, lapho imisebenzi intelligence ngokuqinile kungagcini ayezelwe emahhovisi iziqondiso, ulahlekelwa amehlo akhe nezindlebe, nengozi omusha ngamunye Ubamba wakhe singalindele. Ngakho akukho abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuhlala ukwamukela semthethweni yezindlela zezincwadi aluhlaza cwe. Njengoba ekufundeni esisemthethweni, ngisho nezitha ukuhlobanisa imibono ka Beckett akaphiki bomsebenzi wakhe - Yebo, phakathi kohlaka indlela yokutholwa yibo. Kodwa Genrih Bell, isibonelo, engxoxweni wathi: "Beckett, ngiyakholwa, noma iyiphi okuningi okuthakazelisayo isinyathelo-Thriller".

Ngo-1989, ngineminyaka engu-83, wafa Bekket Semyuel. Izinkondlo futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe, ngiyacabanga, iminyaka eminingi kuyoba efanele.