Ukusesha okujulile futhi nombuzo ulimi. Ulimi imibuzo injini

Lwesikhala - is eyayenziwe adalwe ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo esetshenziswa ukhononda yolwazi kanye nokwaziswa izinhlelo.

Ngokuvamile, izindlela ezifana imibuzo kungenziwa labizwa kuye ngokuthi asetshenziselwa database, noma cinga iminingwane. Umehluko wukuthi izicelo kumasevisi afana sizibophezele ukuhlinzeka izimpendulo oluyiqiniso zale mibuzo, kuyilapho injini yokusesha lizama ukuthola imibhalo equkethe ulwazi oluhlobene umsebenzisi abathakazelayo ensimini.

yolwazi

Izilimi imibuzo semininingwane zihlanganisa izibonelo ezilandelayo:

• QL - into-ngamakhasimende, libhekisela yolwazi zingubudlelwane; owalandela Datalog.
• Yokuqukethwe (CQL) - ulimi esisemthethweni kokwethula isicelo solwazi ukubuyisa izinhlelo (ezifana izinkomba kuwebhu noma izinhlu lwempilo).
• CQLF (CODYASYL) - I-CODASYL-TYPE yolwazi.
• ulimi Concept ngamakhasimende nombuzo (COQL) - isetjenziswa ukwenza imifanekiso abafanele (com). Kusekelwe idatha construpt izimiso yokwakheka nokulandelana isebenzisa imisebenzi efana projector de Iwumbono ukuhlaziya multivariate, imisebenzi kohlaziyo netiphetfo.
• DMX - esetshenziswa imodeli yezimayini.
• Datalog - ulimi Umbuzo yolwazi deductive.
• Gellish IsiZulu - ulimi engasetshenziswa ukhononda database e Gellish English evumela izingxoxo (izicelo kanye nezimpendulo), futhi ukhonza ulwazi ukumodeliswa ulwazi.
• HTSQL - ihumusha http-imibuzo SQL.
• ISBL - esetshenziswa PRTV (a zingubudlelwane lokuqala ngabaphathi semininingwane izinhlelo).
• UHlelo - kusungulwa imitheshwana querying futhi lwemibhalo namasevisi asebenzisa phezu TCP / IP olandelwayo.
• MDX - kubalulekile ukuze OLAP yolwazi.

bot

Ulimi imibuzo yokusesha, esikhundleni salokho, ihlose ukuthola idatha in the yelucwaningo. It libhekene yokuthi ingxenye yesicelo aqukethe umbhalo osobala noma Isidlulisilwazi ne-syntax ozikhethela (isibonelo, "futhi" / "noma"). It ahluke kakhulu kusukela esezingeni izilimi ezifanayo, alawulwa imithetho eqinile of-syntax noma imiyalo aqukethe imingcele positional.

Njengoba imibuzo yokusesha oluthathwa?

Kunemikhakha emithathu ezibanzi ezimboze iningi usesho: ulwazi, olwandle, nematheksthi. Nakuba lokhu ngezigaba awuzange fixed kwakuthiwa empirically kuqinisekiswa khona imibuzo uqobo izinjini.

izicelo Imininingwane - nalezo baqeda iinhloko ezibanzi (isib, idolobha ethize noma amaloli imodeli), maqondana nalapho ingatholakala izinkulungwane imiphumela efanele.

Navigation - ucela ukuthi ufuna iwebhusayithi noma ikhasi lewebhu ngesihloko lesitsite (sib, i-YouTube).

Emibhalombiko - zibonisa inhloso yomsebenzisi ukwenza isinyathelo esiqondile, isibonelo, ukuthenga imoto noma ukubhuka indiza.

Izinjini ngokuvamile ahlinzeke Uhlobo lwesine isicelo esetshenziswa kakhulu kancane njalo. Lokhu okuthiwa izicelo uxhumano eziqukethe irekhodi uxhumano ngokobungako ihluzo web (inombolo izixhumanisi URL kuchazwa, noma zingaki Amakhasi ezifakwe ngesizinda ethize).

Indlela yokwenza efuna ukwaziswa?

Iningi izinsiza yokusesha alisho zokusesha izingodo, ukuze ulwazi ukuthi abasebenzisi athungatha kuwebhu, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lokuqala yesayensi uvele 1998. Kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kabusha ucwaningo olwenziwe ngonyaka ka-2001, lapho ihlaziye izicelo zibonakala zihlobane kakhulu. Iphinde sobala indlela yokusebenzisa izinjini nombuzo ulimi.

Yabe seyaziwa izici ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene Web:

Ubude obuphakathi kwaba 2.4 yokusesha nombuzo amazwi.

• Cishe ingxenye yabo abantu uthumele isicelo, kodwa kancane kancane kwengxenye yesithathu abasebenzisi ukwenza imibuzo emithathu noma ngaphezulu eyingqayizivele ngamunye ngamunye.
• Cishe isigamu abasebenzisi ukubuka kuphela eyodwa noma ezimbili Amakhasi lokuqala imiphumela.
• Ngaphansi kuka 5% wabasebenzisi zisebenzisa search amakhono eziphambili (isibonelo, i-choice imikhakha ethile noma yosesho search).

Izici izenzo ngokwezifiso

Lolu cwaningo luphinde lwaveza ukuthi 19% oluqukethwe umbuzo ezindawo eside (isib amagama, amakhodi eposi, izici zokuma kwezwe, nokunye. D.). Nokho-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphezu imibuzo emifushane (ie nge izimo eziningi) ngokuvamile amaphethini akhona futhi esivikelekile lapho abasebenzisi ukushintsha search yabo imisho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi u-33% izicelo umsebenzisi oyedwa aphindaphindwe, futhi-87% amacala umsebenzisi ucindezela yi efanayo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi zisebenzisa izicelo eziphindaphindiwe lokubuyekeza noma kabusha ukuthola ulwazi.

Ukusatshalaliswa imvamisa izicelo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe waqinisekisa ukuthi imvamisa izicelo ukusatshalaliswa zivumelana umthetho amandla. Okungukuthi, ingxenye encane elisemqoka kwenzeka ohlwini elikhulu imibuzo (isibonelo, ezingaphezu kuka-100 million), futhi avame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe. Ezinye izindaba zika-umusho ngaphansi kwezihloko efanayo asetshenziselwa kancane kaningi nokuningi ngamunye. Lesi senzakalo ngokuthi lo Pareto isimiso (noma "80-20 umthetho"), futhi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezifana izinjini amasu nokwenza sengathi nangenkomba noma Partitioning database, ukulondoloza isikhashana kanye iyafaka, futhi nayo inikeze ithuba lokwenza yokuthuthukisa ulimi imibuzo injini.

Eminyakeni yamuva, liye yembula ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso nombuzo obuphelele Kancani kancani okwandisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho, isicelo isilinganiso yesiNgisi yaba isikhathi eside. Kule ndaba, i-Google usanda kwethula lento buyekeza okuthiwa "Lomzwilili" (August 2013), okuyinto uyakwazi ukusingatha eside search imishwana kungekho olandelwayo "kukhulunywa" Umbuzo ulimi (ezifana "Uphi eliseduze coffee shop?").

Ukuze imibuzo usasebenzisa ukucubungula kwabo - Broken basuke phansi amabinzana, okushiwo ulimi standard, futhi ubonisa izimpendulo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene ngokwehlukile.

Umbuzo ehlelekile

Izinjini ukuthi ukusekela ukusebenza okunengqondo futhi syntax esetshenziswe ngaphezulu enwetshiwe nombuzo izilimi. Umsebenzisi obona kumadokhumenti, esehlanganise themes eziningana noma-facets, ungakwazi ukuchaza ngamunye wabo ngendlela kwebalingisi okunomqondo izwi. Enkabeni yalo, nombuzo ulimi esinengqondo siwukuthi iqoqo amabinzana athile nezimpawu zokuloba.

Yini ukusesha eziphambili?

Ulimi "Yandex" futhi imibuzo "Google" ukufeza yosesho okubhekiswe, ngokuya ngemibandela ethile. Ukusesha okujulile Unga cinga leli igama ikhasi noma usebenzise unhlokweni Isiqalo, kanye emikhakheni ethile nohlu lwamagama. Ingase futhi ukhawule ukusesha Amakhasi aqukethe amagama athile esihlokweni noma ngaphansi amaqembu athile thematic. Lapho kusetjentiswe kahle ulimi nombuzo ke Ungasingatha kwemigomo umyalelo ezidlula uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho kobuso Ukukhishwa izinjini eziningi, kuhlanganise amazwi ezichazwe umsebenzisi kuze kube sekupheleni kwenombolo kanye isipelingi efanayo. Uma uthumela enwetshiwe imiphumela yosesho ziyobonakala njengoba isixhumanisi ukuze izigaba ezifanele ikhasi.

Kungenzeka futhi ukucinga wonke amakhasi equkethe umusho esithile, ngesikhathi nombuzo ejwayelekile izinjini abakwazi ukugxila iliphi ikhasi le inkulumo. Ezimweni eziningi, ulimi nombuzo kungaholela kunoma iliphi ikhasi, sise tags noindex.

Kwezinye izimo, isicelo eyakheke kahle ikuvumela ukuba uthole ulwazi, oqukethe Inani lezinhlamvu akhethekile izinhlamvu nezinye zezilimi (Chinese izinhlamvu isibonelo).

izimpawu nombuzo ulimi kanjani ukufunda?

Zesi, futhi abanye eziba phezu konkamisa bamagama (nangezindlela futhi umlaut) awacatshangwa e yokusesha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucinga ngegama eliyisihluthulelo ngoba Citroen ngeke uthole Amakhasi aqukethe igama elithi "Tsitroon". Kodwa abanye ligatures zivumelana ngazo uhlamvu ngalunye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukucinga "aeroskobing" kalula thola ikhasi equkethe "Ereskebing" (AE = AE).

Izinhlamvu eziningi ze-non-alphanumeric njalo indiva. Ngokwesibonelo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ulwazi imibuzo eliqukethe string | L | (Incwadi phakathi imivimbo ezimbili mpo), naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu phawu isetshenziswa kwezinye izifanekiso ukuguqula. Umphumela ngeke idatha kuphela "LT". Ezinye izimpawu kanye nemishwana zenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: nombuzo "loan (Finance)" ubonisa sihloko ngamazwi athi "credit" futhi "ezezimali", indiva kubakaki, ngisho noma kukhona isihloko enegama ngqo "credit (Finance)".

Zikhona ongakhetha eziningi ongayisebenzisa ulimi nombuzo.

-syntax

Lwesikhala "Yandex" kanye ne- "Google" Ungasebenzisa amanye zibabazo ukuze usesho lwakho lube ngcono. Njengoba isibonelo, besokunxele abacaphuni - {{}} yokusesha. Lamagama equkethwe kuwo, izoba ngaphansi ukucinga wonke zinjalo.

Lamagama e izingcaphuno double ikuvumela ukuba ukuchaza into yokusesha. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi zokucaphuna kuzobhekwa njengoba lisetshenziswe ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, noma njengoba umlingiswa oqanjiwe, ngaphandle amamaki ikhotheshini - ulwazi oluthe xaxa obubhalwe uhlamvu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinjini ukusekela "-" I-enengqondo "cha", kanye / noma. Ukwehluka - imigomo ayikwazi ahlukaniswe ikhonco noma dash Isiqalo.

Akufani nebinzana ephawulwe ~. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ungenawo ukukhumbula magama ngqo kwethemu noma igama, ungayifaka kubha yokusesha nge uphawu ecacisiwe, futhi uzokwazi ukuthola imiphumela ukufana esiphezulu.

Kwemigomo yokusesha ezikhethekile

Kukhona futhi okubonwa faka isihloko, bese incategory. Lezi zihlungi lubonakaliswa ngesigaba ikholoni, njengoba "ukuhlunga: string umbuzo". Iyunithi nombuzo ingaqukatha igama losesho noma ibinzana noma ingxenye noma igama eliphelele kwekhasi.

Umsebenzi «faka isihloko: umbuzo" unika kuqala imiphumela yosesho ngegama, kodwa futhi kubonisa futhi imiphumela evamile unhlokweni okuqukethwe. Eziningana zalezi izihlungi ingasetshenziswa kanyekanye. Ungakwazi bamba kanjani leli thuba?

Umbuzo uhlobo «faka isihloko: igama sezindiza" uyonika konke izihloko equkethe igama isihloko sezindiza. Uma thina bahlanganise ke njengoba «yokupaka faka isihloko: igama sezindiza", bese uzothola isihloko negama sezindiza kusihloko ne Ukhulumé yokupaka embhalweni.

Ukucinga isihlungi «incategory: Isigaba" isebenza isimiso Ukukhishwa kokuqala izihloko okuqondene iqembu noma ikhasi uhlu oluthile. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo wosesho uhlobo "Amathempeli incategory: Umlando" kuyoba nemiphumela ngomlando amathempeli. Lokhu umsebenzi lungasetshenziswa njengoba isandiso, ukubeka imingcele ahlukahlukene.