Ukuphuza amanzi esigabeni esiphezulu. Isilinganiselwa amanzi asemabhodleleni

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani eside sekube umthetho nsuku ukuphuza okungenani 2 amalitha namanje amanzi, kungakhathaliseki inani kudliwa isobho ikhofi odakiwe, itiye kanye nezinye iziphuzo. Lo mthetho inkolo ubona abantu bonke ubuchwepheshe nawo wonke umcebo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ezweni lethu, abantu kancane inamithiselwe umthetho onjalo, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi yini amanzi Kungcono ukuthenga. On emashalofini ukuze wakhe kakhulu, ukuthi amehlo washintsha. Bambalwa poring ngokucophelela phezu ulwazi amalebula, futhi ngokuvamile ngakhonza enjalo ukuphrinta elincane ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthatha khulu. Ngakho-ke, phakathi ngokuchichima ezinye izinhlobo ukukhetha kunazo owaziwa, elinye - lowo ushibhile, ucabangela ukuthi amanzi zonke okufanayo. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba kukhona amanzi esigabeni eliphakeme futhi owokuqala, futhi ezinye zazo zingabantu yemvelo futhi elicwengiweyo, ukuthi akuyona into efanayo. Ngakho lokho kuyadingeka ukuthatha amanzi ukuze kusizakale kwaba? Ake siphenye.

Kungani amanzi emzimbeni

Ngisho izingane ukwazi ukuthi thina sonke ku 80% liqukethe amanzi. Nsuku zonke, 500 ml kulahleka ngokusebenzisa umjuluko ukuphefumula, 1500 ml - ne umchamo. Lapha, ukuze alulame ukulahlekelwa futhi kudingeka uthele elahlekile 2000 ml, kodwa lokhu kufanele kube amanzi izinga ukuphuza. Konke lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa ngokwengxenye kuphela. Okokuqala, u-80% isibalo yisilinganiso, futhi eqinisweni, kuye ngokuthi yobudala, isisindo kanye nezinye izici amanzi ngamunye kithi inani elihlukile. Okwesibili, silahlekelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Esikhathini ukushisa abandayo ngaphezulu kancane, ngokuba kunyakaza eside ilele phezu kombhede kancane. Lokho, umuntu kubalulekile ukuba baphuze 2 amalitha, futhi othile futhi 3 ngeke kwanele. Kodwa kungani ukuwaphuza? Ingabe kuphela nokuvulwa ukulahlekelwa? It kuvela ukuthi amanzi uyakwazi ukuncibilikisa kalula futhi engokwemvelo, futhi compounds yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene ezifana nosawoti. Ukuthola ukuba umzimba wethu, kuthatha eziningi izinto eziyingozi ngokuphepha excreted ku umchamo. Ngakho, kukhona ukuhlanzwa yemvelo amasistimu ethu ubuthi nezinye imbucumbucu. Yiqiniso, okuhle kakhulu amanzi okuphuza ukuthi is msulwa amakhemikhali abhekana ngayo lo msebenzi kakhulu ngokuphumelela kakhudlwana. Futhi omunye umsebenzi obalulekile amanzi - kukhona ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganise yakha izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle esingakwazi ukuphila. Yingakho ekulahlekelweni umzimba wethu kuphela mayelana 10% ketshezi bangase bagcine udabuka kakhulu.

Izinhlobo amanzi okuphuza

Manje mina ukubhala okuningi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi amanzi okuphuza esigabeni esiphezulu. Linganisela lo mkhiqizo ngokwengxenye kusiza eMpumalanga onjani brand udinga ukuthenga. Kusekelwe zonke izinhlobo cwaningo kanye nezivivinyo ukusungula efanele amanzi-chemistry GOST futhi SanPiN. Kodwa imiphumela yalezi amasheke ayaboniswa amalebula akuvamile. Kodwa kukhona cishe njalo kunobufakazi bokuthi amanzi akhiqizwa okunjalo futhi isifunda ezifana nge nokujula enjalo, futhi ukuxhumana nomunye idatha stroke. Ukucacisa isimo, futhi kungenzeka eminye ukudida ke, wazi ukuthi ngokwemvelo zikhona cishe 476 ukulungiswa amanzi, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni isotopes umoya-mpilo ne-hydrogen bakha i-molecule ayo. Yiqiniso, izakhiwo ala manzi zihlukile, futhi akubona bonke ngokulinganayo kuhle empilweni. Ngenhlanhla, akukhona konke ukulungiswa bayakwazi ukubamba isikhathi esanele, futhi ulwazi amalebula lezi ayiveli. Hlobo luni lwamanzi ingasetshenziswa sokuphuza? Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke zezinto eziphilayo yayo - kuyinto:

• lula;
• esindayo;
• elithambile;
• ezinzima;
• Underground (ekhishwe nemithombo, aquifers);
• okumbiwa phansi;
• uthepha;
• usule.

Izigaba amanzi okuphuza

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi izincwadi lobuchwepheshe, okuyinto lesi sihloko awubhekene, kukhona izigaba ezimbili amanzi - aphakeme kuqala. Kuwo wonke amazwe kukhona izimenywa futhi SanPiNs ngoba amanzi asemabhodleleni ukuphuza, olawula yabo ukunambitheka, umbala, amakhemikhali ukwakheka, futhi obala. Ukuphuza amanzi kuzo zombili izigaba, ngaphandle uma mineral yezokwelapha, kufanele kube sobala, ayinaphunga ukungcola kanye inzika, kungenjalo ngeke likwazi ukusebenziseka kwi nhlobo. Ngokuphathelene ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali izidingo ephakeme, yebo, kumele ihlangabezane amanzi okuphuza esigabeni esiphezulu. Isilinganiselwa uyakucabangela abathengi abaningi, sibonisa ukuthi iyiphi labetibambile amanzi uphawu ukulawula izinga iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso. Kuyinto mikhiqizo kanye isiba ethandwa kakhulu. Manje ukhiqiza cishe 700 izinhlobo amanzi okuphuza. Kuyacaca ukuthi bonke nzima ukuhlola, futhi ilebula abathengisi abangathembekile ungabhala noma yini. kanjani umuntu ovamile ukuhlukanisa amanzi eliphezulu ovela inkohliso?

Okokuqala, ngentengo. Uma amanzi empeleni ekhiqizwa endaweni Isizalo ahlanzekile, ngisho nge ukujula ehloniphekile, ngakho-ke has eqolo zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kube ezishibhile. Uma amanzi eliphansi, umenzi akusho engozini ukubeka imali eshisiwe, ngoba ibaluleke kakhulu ngokushesha nokuqalisa imikhiqizo yabo futhi bazuze a audit kungenzeka.

Okwesibili, ngokolwazi kwilebula. On ke, uma ngempela amanzi isigaba eliphakeme, kumele anikezwe indawo ukukhiqizwa yayo, kanye nekheli iwebhusayithi yomenzi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Ngempela emanzini zemvelo ukuphuza kungase kube khona cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye ishadi lesikhathi, kodwa iningi izakhi zamakhemikhali ezakha ube inani elincane ukuthi musa acabangele. Ngokuyinhloko ibonisa okuqukethwe ezifana chemical futhi compounds:

• potassium (10 mg / l);
• magnesium (20 mg / l);
• sodium (100 mg / l);
• calcium (20 mg / l);
• nitrate (45 mg / l);
• chloride (100 mg / l);
• sulfate (30 mg / l);
• hydrogencarbonates (kufika ku-300 mg / l).

Ngezinye izikhathi amalebula ukhombise pH amanzi, okuyinto kufanele sibe ububanzi 6.5-7.5. Ukungafani ngisho eyodwa yalezi izinkomba akukuniki ilungelo kumanzi ezifanele, esigabeni esiphezulu.

amanzi Ukukhanya esindayo

Ukunambitheka, umbala, iphunga, futhi yena nabanye ziyafana, kodwa bahluke kakhulu endleleni abadalwe iwusizo. ucwaningo oluningana luye lwabonisa ukuthi amanzi engcono ukuphuza, esesikhundleni, phakathi kokunye, yizinga eliphezulu izakhiwo zokwelapha, - Kulula. Kuyinto nhlobo ukungcola deuterium (i IKhompyuthaYami hydrogen), kanye neminye Izakhi ezisindayo, ngakho ukuhlanza umzimba ubuthi nazo zonke izinqubo umzimba therein zingcono. amanzi Khanyisa ngisho wokwelapha isifo somdlavuza kuyasiza. amanzi esindayo, okuyinto exhunywe umoya-mpilo-athomu deuterium athomu, ingozi kubantu, uma ukuliphuza izinto eziningi ezincane. Kodwa akukho abazuzayo kuso. Imvelo engqamuzaneni deuterium ungaphakathi yimuphi amanzi emithonjeni noma ukujula ke noma misela. Kunengqondo ukuthi la mangqamuzana iqukethe noma yikuphi ukuphuza amanzi esigabeni esiphezulu. Isilinganiselwa ku inkinga kwenziwe, kodwa ukhetha amanzi asemabhodleleni, ungakwazi ukuthenga imikhiqizo lemikhiqizo ezimisiwe, futhi ekhaya wenze lokhu okuhle, kodwa amanzi ethafeni Indlela elula ukumisa in the esiqandisini kulandele incibilikiswa. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga kwasekuqaleni futhi amanzi ambiwa phansi amsulwa ukuphuza emhlabeni, okuyinto kuzuzisa kakhulu kwezempilo. A Ice ezisalayo ngemva inqubo enjalo kuyatuseka ukuxosha, njengoba ukubutha zonke izinto.

amanzi Soft futhi kanzima

Ngalezi izici kunjalo kulula. amanzi esithambile noma esiqinile - kuncike okuqukethwe yayo magnesium calcium nosawoti. Izinto eziningi ezincane, nokuthi, nomunye ziphuze, futhi ezinkulu amanzi kanzima kungaholela ekwakhekeni ezinso, nezinkinga ezithambile - izinkinga blood pressure. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, ungakwazi ukunquma nobulukhuni amanzi esweni. Ngakho, uma i-calcium ne-magnesium nosawoti yawo amandla isilo esinonya, lapho igwebu soaping ezandleni incane, futhi uma nokushoda sengathi insipho akuyona wageza off izandla. Nokho, ukuthenga amanzi esitolo, ayikho kulezi ucwaningo awazange olwenziwa. Futhi akudingekile, ngoba okuqukethwe ubulukhuni nosawoti emanzini akuvunyelwe kuchazwe izivakashi futhi kufanele kuboniswe kwilebula. Ngokwesibonelo, emazweni ahlukahlukene, izinombolo kungenzeka ukuhluka.

Ngo 01.01.2014 Russian ngamanzi ubulukhuni kukalwa ngokwamazinga kanye luchazwa «° F" noma milligram okulingana ilitha e amanzi okuphuza zazo kuyakuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.5 futhi engekho ngaphezulu kuka 2.5 amayunithi. Ngezinye izikhathi akukho ukuqina abonisa amalebula, kanye nenani calcium (Ca2 +) kanye magnesium (Mg2 +), kanye nosawoti wabo (CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, MgCl2). Inani ngalinye Izivakashi usawoti akunaziqondiso, abonisa kuphela bangaki kubo kumele kube isiyonke. Uma lezi zilinganiso zifeziwe, ngaleso sikhathi, phambi kwethu ingase ibe kahle kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke amanzi esigabeni eliphakeme ukuphuza. Isilinganiselwa ukuba okusezingeni eliphezulu, kufanele inake okuqukethwe ke nezinye izakhi mkhondo nenzuzo, ikakhulukazi nitrate. Ngokuphathelene amasheke kwi-magnesium-calcium, ke ayizange iphumelele lemikhiqizo ezifana ethandwa ngokuthi "Aqua Minerale", "Dombai", namanzi amamaki "Ungcwele Spring" futhi "Shishkin Les" kwaba eningi chlorine.

lamanzi esiphethu

Manje lamanzi esiphethu litholakala ngokukhululekile nganoma iyiphi esitolo, abantu abaningi kangaka uyithenga nokuphuza evamile, kokuba waqinisekisa ukuthi lamanzi esiphethu - yiliphi lapho kukhona namaminerali. Empeleni, amanzi amaminerali ngokuthi ezikhishwe aquifers ezithile kuphela futhi wawubekela imithetho eqinile amakhemikhali ukwakheka. Yilokho nje amanzi esigabeni eliphakeme angase abe ukunambitheka kunalokho ezingemnandi, ukuhogela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho umbala, emafektri, kuncike usawoti okucebile. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, naphezu ocebile (eziboniswe ilebula), ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali lamanzi esiphethu akubhekwa uma inhlanganisela yemvelo kanye eyayenziwe wenza. Kuzoba eliphezulu amaminerali amanzi, namanzi, okuyinto inhlanganisela ezikhishwe aquifers ezahlukene, kodwa, ngeshwa, le lebula akachaziwe. Lapha ungakwazi uzulazule kuphela brand name. Ngakho, isikhathi ihlolwe futhi amanzi impendulo enhle ikhasimende ukuphuza yemvelo - kuyinto "Borjomi", "Narzan", "Essentuki", "Mukhina" nase-Ukraine - "Mirgorod", "Kuyalnik", "Polyana kvasova". Ngu lamanzi esiphethu Ukwakheka kungenzeka sulphate, hydrocarbonate, chloride, exubile, futhi lokuhlushwa izakhi Izidlo (ukulandelela izakhi kuzo ukuba 1 igremu ngayinye 1 DM cubic), ukwelashwa-Izidlo (trace-10 amagremu DM ^{3 ngalinye)} kanye ekwelapheni. ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke ngaphandle iseluleko udokotela angakwazi kuphela udla igumbi.

Tap amanzi ahlanzekile

Ngaphambili, amanzi asemabhodleleni, ngisho non-carbonated, akekho wathenga bonke baphuza empompini. ebumsulweni nasebunyeni futhi izindinganiso GOST futhi SanPiN, Ngakho-ke, isimiso, kufanele kube okuphuza aphephile e yimuphi ubukhulu. Thepha amanzi emazweni amaningi ngaphansi eziningana izinyathelo uhlanzekile: mechanical, coagulated, filtration, aeration, inzalo noma, kungenjalo, ukuze chlorination. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu ubuchwepheshe abalulekile, sohlelo sokuphuza amanzi empompini ingenye aphansi, ngoba sekuyahwalala njalo ekhona esiningi nosawoti yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, lezi zinto ngokwabo, ezifana chlorine, futhi ngezinye izikhathi Amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, ukuba baphuze lawa manzi, asifuni.

osomabhizinisi Savvy baye esiphethweni kanjani ukuzuza kuso futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo senze okuhle. Indlela ilula futhi eminye hlamba. Izindleko yonke le nqubo iphansana, ngakho intengo umkhiqizo uphansi, nakuba ilebula kungase kubonise ukuthi amanzi crystal ecacile, amatshe aligugu kanye ngokuvamile okungcono.

Nokho ezinengqondo umthengi kumele bakuqonde ukuthi lokhu okungcono amanzi asemabhodleleni abakufanelekele 5-10 ruble ilitha isigamu, ngisho noma kulotshiwe ukuthi: "Entwasahlobo" noma "Artesian". Ukuze uqhathanise, amanzi asemabhodleleni, ekhishwe okumsulwa imithombo yemvelo Alps, ukudansela isiginci sakhe ku ruble 70-80 ilitha flasks.

Kodwa uyini manzi ahlanzekile? Sisebenzisa izindlela ezimbili: ukusungulwa ukwethembana phakathi kwabantu, yize kancane-enembile, ukuhlanekezela Osmosis futhi coagulation engaqondakali. Ake sihlole ukuthi kusebenza kanjani.

Reverse Osmosis - ukudicilela pass ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi eziningana nge ukuthungwa ngesibonakhulu, okuyizinto ngamunye ngamunye zonke izakhi ziyoncibilika emanzini. Umphumela cishe ngokuphelele okumsulwa, efana distilled mkhulu kunokhalo amanzi. Impilo akuyona eziwusizo, njengoba, kanye nomzimba womuntu, iqala ukugcwalisa zisuswe kuwo izinto eziwusizo, ukukhetha kwabo nemizimba yethu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, abakhiqizi imvundo, ukuze indlela yokwakheka izakhi mkhondo lokuphekiwe amalebula kwamanzi kungaba yiqiniso, kodwa kunikezelwe isigaba eliphakeme ezingavamile.

Coagulating siqukethe sinezela amanzi evamile coagulant (brightener), okuyinto kusheshisa namakhemikhali athile futhi ukulandelela izakhi. Ngemva kwalokho, amanzi uyashiywa kodaka bese asemabhodleleni. Le nqubo ezishibhile kangaka nokulula ukuthi basebenzisa ama-70% azo zonke abakhiqizi. Ngakho, ukuthenga amanzi eshibhe ukuphuza, ungakwazi bazithole umkhiqizo abangekho ezifanelekile zezempilo.

Amanzi aphuma ingaphakathi eMhlabeni

G. Wells ne ekujuleni ezahlukene (amamitha ngisho ezingaphezu kuka-50), kukhona izakhamuzi eziningi Russian ezinkantolo. Kunengqondo, kungani ukuthenga amanzi zemvelo asemabhodleleni, uma ungasebenzisa yakhe yemvelo kakhulu. Nokho, ikhemikhali ukuhlaziya amanzi kancane ukukhombisa ngokweqile izakhi mkhondo ke kungukuthi ezimbili, noma ngisho eziyishumi, futhi izikhathi ezimbalwa kweshumi. Kuyacaca ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba baphuze. Inkinga wukuthi sonke ukushuba uqweqwe eMhlabeni, njengomuntu ikhekhe wamaqebelengwane, yakhiwa kwezakhi Geological - loam, sandstone limestone, futhi abanye. I kakhudlwana kobuso bomhlaba futhi eduze wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu, ikakhulukazi izikhungo yezimboni, izingqimba ngaphezulu amakhemikhali, udoti, indle kanye isilwane. Konke lokhu uwela kalula zibe yamanzi engajulile, ngakho ukuzisebenzisa sokuphuza kuphela ngemva wekulihlanta.

amanzi okusezingeni eliphezulu awo ayengenakuphuzwa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi imiswe phakathi izikhukhula emfuleni izikhukhula. Futhi okwamanje ingaphakathi eMhlabeni ongasinika amanzi ihlanzekile futhi iphilile, nje ukuze ukuthole, udinga bayamba imithombo Artesian. Ezindaweni ezahlukene ukujula yabo kuhluka amamitha 100 1000. Amanzi ezidingekayo kumele kube phakathi laphakathi amanzi angangeni yamadwala khona Umfutho, futhi ngenxa yalokho kusukela imbobo yamba has umthombo. Ngu izinkomba eziningi Artesian - nansi best amanzi asemabhodleleni, iyatholakala ezitolo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo luqukethe ezinye usawoti ukulandelela izakhi. Abakhiqizi bathambekele abonisa kwilebula, nalokho ukujula kulokho ndawo itholakala umkhiqizo wabo. Uma kunjalo, isibonelo, Carpathians, Urals noma i-Alps, ekwenzeni kwezemvelo okungekho muntu ophikayo, singakwazi kugcwale umlomo ukuthi lesi amanzi okuphuza elisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Imikhiqizo Brands kungenzeka eziningi. Iyiphi ukukhetha, uma ukudayiswa azaziwa futhi ethandwa? Council kukhona eyodwa kuphela - ukuthemba ulwazi ilebula.

amanzi, carbonated

Kukholakala ukuthi aeration kangcono amanzi ethafeni acima ukoma, kuba esiphundu kakhulu futhi kahle ayinangozi. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ewusizo? Uma sithatha amazwe aseYurophu, ezifana Greece, umsunguli imithetho ku amanzi okuphuza nsuku zonke futhi saziso, ngakho kukhona soda in polutoralitrovyh, ingasaphathwa ezimbili-litre flasks cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana. Ukuze kudayisa voditsa esiphezulu ngesigamu-litre glass amabhodlela, ngaphandle soda zakudala.

Thina ngesisi amanzi emgqeni lonke, unezela nalokho carbon dioxide. It ngempela izinguquko ukunambitheka, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza nosawoti ahlale oncibilikile musa kwenze. Kungenxa yalesi lamanzi esiphethu phambi bottling ahlanganiswe carbon dioxide, ngoba nosawoti kubo okuningi. Kufanele kube khona amanzi okungewona amaminerali esigabeni eliphakeme of soda? Futhi kungani ukukwenza uma usawoti emanzini ethafeni akukona wesabe kwezulu zabo, futhi ukunambitheka kanye ngaphandle carbon dioxide kumelwe sibe bahle? Impendulo yale mibuzo okuyimpikiswano kungenzeka izintandokazi ukunambitheka abathengi, abaningi babo bathanda kwaba soda.

Imikhiqizo lemikhiqizo abadumile, abakhiqizi abazisa igama labo, ungakwazi ukuthenga ngokuphepha, kodwa ukuthenga soda eshibhile, kuyasiza ukucabangela ukuthi ingabe kukhona kuwo okuthile okuhle, ngaphandle-carbon dioxide. Kodwa futhi eliphezulu amanzi acwebile ayikwazi esiphuza izinto eziningi ezinkulu, njengoba CO2, ingxenye oyiyo, oyenza isebenze uketshezi of juice esiswini, okuba nomthelela omubi koqweqwe lwawo, ikhuthaza anda ukubuyisa.

amanzi Isilinganiselwa ukuphuza brand owaziwa

Ucwaningo olulodwa ozofika zonke amanzi ayatholakala emakhemisi futhi ungakhohlwa lowo eyenzelwe Coolers, engakaze yenziwe, ngakho amamaki kubhekwe njengento ukukala okunemibandela, ngoba kusekelwe ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokukhetha. Ngokusho idatha ethile, amanzi engcono Bon Aqua, lilandelwa ngelithi "Spring Ongcwele", "Aqua Minerale", "Arkhyz". Ngakolunye, "Kungcwele Spring" futhi "Aqua Minerale" musa sezithathe kuze esigabeni esiphezulu kanye eyenzeka kuqala Nizhniy Novgorod amanzi "Dixie." izindawo wesibili nowesithathu waya "abafazi bezinye izizwe", amaFulentshi Vittel futhi Evian. Akukhona nje eRussia, kodwa e-Europe kuba amanzi esigabeni esiphezulu. Izibuyekezo Customer ngakho zinhle kakhulu, kodwa amanani entengo aphezulu ukhombe ngokuphelele bonke abaphendulayo.

Patriotic "Lipetsk Igumbi futha" eshibhile kancane, kodwa futhi ukulandelela izakhi kuwo kancane. "Aqua Minerale" imiphumela yokuqinisekisa ngokuvamile ngaphandle trace, cishe oyinyumba, nakuba lokhu ilebula akusho ukwazisa. Kodwa amanzi "Shishkin Les", "Mane nje ABC», Crristaline, Aparan, «oNgcwele Spring" ngisho Bon Aqua, ebhodleleni e Moscow, abangu sivalwe ngenxa ephule ngokuphelele nezindinganiso quality futhi bakhohlise amakhasimende.