Izikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko Bashkortostan. Republic of Bashkortostan: izikhangibavakashi

Iqembu ngalinye yobuhlanga imiselwe ukudlula indlela yabo yokuba unqobe zikhathi ezinzima noma bashushiswe. Kodwa ngaphandle inhlalakahle ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane awulokothi wenze iyiphi inkathi omunye. Umlando Bashkortostan iyathinteka. Sasiphakathi endleleni yalesi sizwe injabulo nosizi, ukunqoba futhi ukuhlulwa, inkazimulo futhi baba namahloni. Yini kulandzisa lokulula epics eziningana, ezinganikwa ezinye ukutshelwa Batyrov nezinye ubuntu abalulekile esikhathini esidlule. Yiqiniso, Bashkiria yesimanje - ngempela republic ngempumelelo amalungelo yokuzimela ku Russian Federation (esifundeni Urals kwezomnotho). Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Monuments of the Republic of Bashkortostan "yokutshela" mayelana namasiko alo eminyaka ubudala.

Imininingwane zomlando

Bashkirs njengeqembu yobuhlanga kwakhiwa ngisho ku th mina. N. e., futhi kusukela ngekhulu leshumi endaweni yayo yaqala ukusakaza Islam, okuyinto wayemiselwe ukuba ingafeza lukhulu esikhathini esizayo. Kuyinto kakhulu inkolo nomthelela kulondolozwe ungubani abantu, ake nokwenziwa, ikakhulukazi ecabangela ukuthi Bashkirs njalo ngokungavamile "lucky" ukuphila eduze Golden zidlamlilo kanye Khazar Turkic Khaganate, Bulgarskim Khanate. Lena umthelela kunalokho omubi ubunye zezombusazwe zalo ahlukene izizwe Bashkir. Kwakamuva ehlale ingavumelani nomunye nezizwe ezingomakhelwane.

Nokho, isikhathi sesifikile, futhi isikhathi feuds phezu. Kusukela maphakathi umlando XVI leminyaka Bashkortostan agelezé e isiteshi esihlukile - sabantu lidlule lokuba yisakhamuzi isiRashiya, ngaphansi eqeqeshwa ka Tsar Ivan le Kubi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuba ithuba ukumisa sokulwa okukhona ngaphakathi eqenjini ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile. Nokho, ku ezweni Bashkirs waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa ezinye izizwe, kuhlanganise AmaTatar, iMari, Isi-Chuvash, Isi-Udmurt, Mordvinians. Yiqiniso, nje ukwenza Ukraine Russian futhi, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga zwe elikhulukazi, kakhulu, eqala ukuhlola indawo entsha.

Wayelethwa okhuthele Bashkirs e Ekuvukeni kwe-ukudaza kakhulu nokungabi nasihe ukuvukela Russian ka 1773-1775. Lokhu kwabonakala hhayi kuphela temdzabu ocebile, kodwa futhi wamnika iqhawe lesizwe - Salavat Yulaev, okuyinto ubhekwa nabangane umholi we ongumlimi kuvukela Emelyana Pugacheva.

Kamuva kwaba le Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Republic (kusukela 1920). Yaba enye izikhungo yezimboni ebaluleke kakhulu (zamakhemikhali Petrochemical umkhakha) e-USSR. Ngokuwa mithandazo kancane kancane siguqulelwa Republic Bashkortostan nge Kurultai, t. E. A ephalamende yayo bicameral nomongameli. Inhlokodolobha lingumuzi Ufa, eyasungulwa ngo-1574 esizeni esivumelwaneni leqembu yobuhlanga yomdabu lasendulo. Bashkortostan imephu kuhlanganisa 54 izifunda zokuphatha. Phakathi kwabo, amadolobha 21 4434 emizaneni. Labantu lidlule abantu 4 million, ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke abahlala Bashkiria bagxila Ufa kanye Ufa esifundeni.

A ezihlukahlukene izikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko Bashkortostan

Yiqiniso, indlela enjalo ziningi futhi zaba nzima yentuthuko ayikwazanga kubonakale ukubaza nobufakazi nangenkathi esidlule. Namuhla ekhatsi Bashkortostan wokuvikela state kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili izinhlobo ezahlukene izikhumbuzo bokwakha, ubuciko, amasiko nemivubukulo.

I zodumo of Bashkortostan (uhlu):

• Mosque kuqala.
• Isikhumbuzo ukuze Salavat Yulaev futhi Aleksandru Matrosovu.
• Aksakov Yabantu House.
• Mausoleum (ethuneni) Bendebike.
• Umgede Shulgan-Tash.
• Of Cathedral of the kukaJesu the Virgin.

izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo futhi alondoloza zaziwa ngalé republic futhi njalo ukuheha izivakashi entsha.

ezikhumbuzo Thulile isiko Bashkortostan, ukubonisa izinqubo ezithile ezenzeka emphakathini, ngokuvamile ungakwazi ukutshela okuningi kuka ngisho imibhalo ezigciniwe. Kodwa ukubaluleka kwazo akunakuphikwa ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu umbono. Lokhu kusebenza ngokugcwele izindawo zokukhulekela, ezembula umoya isizwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ubudlelwane ezahlukene ezifana kazwelonke kanye ne-multi-zenkolo, okuyinto Republic of Bashkortostan.

Of Cathedral of the kukaJesu the Virgin

Ufa Leli thempeli, elakhiwa ngo-1903-1909 GG., Ingabe ekuqaleni ezintathu storied isakhiwo brick nge umbhoshongo isikhencezo Dome elilodwa Dome igcwele iron izinkuni. Lelibandla wayemiselwe ukuba usinde minyaka enzima emva kwempi, kodwa ekugcineni kwakusahlala ivaliwe, futhi egumbini ibekwe ngaphansi emoyeni workshop. Esikhathini esizayo, kukhona yemidlalo movie livuliwe, okulimaza emagcekeni ngale ukuqashelwa. kwaba Kuphela kwelanga of nenkathi yamaSoviet, ngo-1991, wabuyela ethempelini besifunda-bhishobhi. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kukaJesu the Virgin Cathedral yephuza iminyaka engu-15, kodwa isakhiwo umbala esibhakabhakeni-blue ngegolide domes kanye umdwebo omuhle kwaba capacious kakhulu sesonto lobu-Orthodox e-dolobha.

Mosque lokuqala

Bashkortostan isiko athwala isigxivizo acacile East. Isibonelo salokhu - lombhishobhi lokuqala elakhiwa ithempeli 1830, ekuqaleni kwaba isakhiwo itshe nge minaret olulodwa. Kamuva yaphinde yakhiwa izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu mosque kwaba omunye enkulu eRussia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso, kanye nokuthatha kuka-yayo olunezinombolo abantu abacela enkulungwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma isinyathelo madrassas kanye Russian-Bashkir oneminyaka emibili ekolishi. Iminyaka engu-30 (1960-1991). Kuphela mosque abayekanga nemisebenzi yabo ku Ufa.

Mausoleum Bendebike

izikhumbuzo zomlando ka Bashkortostan zihlanganisa ethuneni okuthiwa yaphela indlela eMhlabeni abesifazane omkhulu - Bendebike. Nanguya ngenxa ukuhlakanipha kwalo okungenakuqhathaniswa futhi isizathu, wakwazi ukuqeda impi phakathi Bashkirs futhi Kazakhs. Lesi sakhiwo senziwa ngesimo i octahedron nge Dome eyakhiwe ngezitini yemibala emibili - umnyombo kuyinto grey futhi red Christmas nomhlobiso ababulawa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Bendebike kwakungelona Hanshi noma umbusi. Yena owesifazane nje enethonya ohlakaniphile abazalwa yizicukuthwane, lapho uMkhandlu uzilalele zonke kuzo izinhloko zezizwe zabantwana. Igama lakhe ahlonishwe hhayi kuphela Bashkirs, kodwa futhi izizwe ezingomakhelwane, njengoba ngokuhlakanipha kwalo udumo waba mkhulu. Mayelana naye nomyeni wakhe kukhona izinganekwane eziningana nezindaba.

Aksakov Yabantu House

izikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko Bashkortostan naye wayemele enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ngokuya izakhiwo, isakhiwo, elakhiwa ngo-1909-1920 GG. Njengoba singabona kakade kusukela igama, eNdlini Yabantu sanikezelwa inkumbulo oluvelele sibalo etemibhalo Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova, nokwakhiwa Iphrojekthi ngisho yamemezela umncintiswano eRussia. Imali eqoqwe lonke Ufa. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa engaphezu kwengu-10, nakuba umphumela angizisoli - ngisho nangemva ecishe ibe ikhulu Aksakov House looker nge bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo eziyingqayizivele. It weaved izitayela eziningana: Russian Classicism, Baroque futhi-East Asian, ne eside iwindi izimbotshana. Lesi sakhiwo okufanelekelayo ihlanganise umfanekiso abantu abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene Republic, lapho ngokuthula ephila womabili Russian futhi Bashkir. Kusukela ekupheleni 30s lapho has opera ballet, kodwa into ebalulekile ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule Aksakov endlini ngasibuyisela igama layo elidala.

Kunzima ukucabanga isizwe esikhuphukele awumdumisanga namaqhawe alo futhi zafuna ukulondoloza amagama ezibizayo emakhulwini eminyaka. Futhi amaqhawe ensimini ka Belarus yesimanje wayehlale ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko Bashkortostan - iyisikhumbuzo we amaqhawe esizwe, akhohlwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka.

Salavat Yulaev

Kukuphi lapho ibekwe lesikhumbuzo lakhe alikho endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, sengathi ukuvikela izakhamuzi kuzo zonke izinto ezimbi ezenzeka? Isikhumbuzo ukuze Salavat Yulaev - akuyona nje eliyingqayizivele futhi isithombe esikhulu kunazo zonke Equestrian eRussia, kodwa futhi gugu lesizwe, ke uyaziqhenya weRiphabhulikhi Bashkortostan.

Kwathatha emashumini amathathu umqophi Soslanbek Tavasieva out lokuphinda isithombe iqhawe, owahamba nentando uCatherine Omkhulu. Futhi bayeka ukulwa ohlangothini uhulumeni, wazihlanganisa isihlubuki Pugachev.

Abalingisi yensimbi bronzed ayethunjwe Salavat Yulaev e isikhathi esibalulekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo mayelana kwathatha Pugachev. Wayebonakala ukuba yokushaya zimlandele, ngaleyo ndlela tacitly etshela izizukulwane entsha abakhileyo Bashkortostan samandla umoya womuntu futhi ukubaluleka inkululeko yokuzikhethela.

Alexander Matrosov

Imemori ye-Amaqhawe izimpilo zabantu. Kwakuyisikhathi izigidi enjalo sikhunjulwe Alexander Matrosov - amasosha oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala njalo 2nd Infantry Battalion ehlukile, abandayo Februwari usuku ekusitheni umzimba wakhe umshini isibhamu German. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, wazalwa ngenxa Bashkiria. Ngakho-ke we sungula ku Ufa ku 6 th esenzeka Ukunqoba zethusi esifanekisweni, esibonisa Matrosov e groundsheet ngesibhamu esisekelweni zemabula pink - ngokuba ngawokwakha ka kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.

Isikhumbuzo Nagomu Mihailu Aleksandrovichu

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze umsunguli Ufa - isikhumbuzo empeleni esasisesisha. It isethwe iminyaka 7 nje edlule. Yena iveza umbusi, ngubani udumo isiqalo idolobha izakhiwo. Kuze kube manje, kukhona lesikhumbuzo edolobhaneni yesishiyagalombili Mashi, emaphethelweni enhloko-dolobha ye-Republic of Bashkortostan. Nokho, kwethenjwa ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le isikhumbuzo kuzothatha indawo yayo eceleni namanye amaqhawe esizwe.

Ubungane lesikhumbuzo

Ubungane phakathi Russian futhi iminyaka abantu Bashkir abangaphezu kuka-450, kodwa ekuqaleni wafaka Ivan Grozny e ezikude 1557. Wathatha ngaphansi sephiko lalo, abaphethwe yemibango yangaphakathi futhi Bashkirs kobushiqela Golden. Futhi kuze kube namuhla basuke Russian Federation. Yaqala kanjalo-ke inkathi entsha namasiko Bashkortostan. Ngemva kweminyaka engamakhulu amane, ngo-1957, imemori kwalo mcimbi wanquma abhebhezela, udala Ubungane Isikhumbuzo. Itshe lesikhumbuzo senziwa ngesimo blade ngaphandle isibambo (35 amamitha eliphezulu). Abesifazane ababili nge umfire amagoda ezimbali ezandleni zabo, zitholakala nhlangothi zombili ikhaba, bamele Bashkir nabantu isiRashiya, futhi umfire "ukhuluma" mayelana ubungani angunaphakade obungazange buphele, okwathi phakathi kwazo.

Isikhumbuzo Heroes of the Okthoba Revolution futhi kulwiwa

Inhlekelele ye yonke imisebenzi yezempi kuleli lizwe itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ukuvukela kwakhe nabanye abangane ngamunye hhayi kuphela izolo, kodwa kwaba nayizihlobo igazi. Ukuze neRussia, ebuhlungu kakhulu steel kulokhu phakathi neMpi Enkulu Okthoba Revolution Civil.

Cishe engu-40 edlule ekhatsi Bashkortostan kukhunjulwa ubuqhawe we amagugu esizwe lamiswao, elalinikezelwe iqhaza lezi zenzakalo. On the isinyathelo iyikhaya izibalo eziningana: iRed Army isosha ngesibhamu, umkhandi wensimbi ngesando, umlimi abavamile obubusa izandla kunokuba senze ngendlela evamile amathuluzi wezolimo eba yiqhwa isibhamu. Lezi zibalo, okuyinto enzelwe ukumela iqembu elithile labantu, uvale nesosha elambulala abadala, njengabantwana kuyise eduze. Lokhu kugcizelela ubunye abantu emzabalazweni wokulwela amalungelo abo.

Nesikhumbuzo "Usizi Umama"

Isici yalesi lesikhumbuzo ukuthi lunikezelwe wonke amasosha abashona ngenkathi onengxenye izingxabano eziningi zendawo kusukela ngo-1951 kuya ku-2003, lesikhumbuzo kuyinto sibalo ithusi lazo ongumama lisibekela ubuso bakhe, njengokungathi Kwabadabukisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa izingane zabo. Eduze ezimbili steles black egwadle, lapho aqoshiwe amagama liwile.

Ifa Nature

izikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko Bashkortostan ngeke ukudala isithombe ephelele, uma bengenayo umphelelisi izipho Mother Earth. Ubude kuleli zwe kukhona engaphezu kwekhulu ezikhangayo ezahlukene imvelo.

Bashkir State Indawo egicna imvelo

Ohlukile kule ndawo ukuthi sigcizelele ihlukaniswe halves ezimbili: elilodwa - e uxhaxha eningizimu Krakow, eyakhiwe esindayo rocks plutonic nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu metal, elinye - the Ural-Tau - siqukethe ethambile. Reserve - eliyingqayizivele eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo, okuyinto edumile hhayi kuphela imiksi Amazing kwezinhlobo ezahlukene flora, kodwa futhi izinsalela angahlela lapha izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Esiqiwini "Bashkiria"

insimu yalo ihlanganisa mayelana 82 amahektha, lapho ungathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene izilwane ezingavamile futhi izitshalo. Abanye babo ohlwini ezisengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ahlelwe, futhi enjalo izikhumbuzo engokwemvelo Bashkortostan njengoba Karst amabhuloho, ukuhlanzwa Bear sika, ipheshana Kutukov-Sumgait.

State Yemvelo Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

izikhumbuzo Natural RB zibandakanya evikelwe zone ngokufanele ephakathi kwemifula nokumhlophe Yuryuzan. Ngaphezu zezinyoni ezingavamile izitshalo, izilwane, izinyoni nezinhlanzi, ke edonsela emhumeni Shulgan-Tash (Kapova emhumeni). Kuyinto oyindawo yemivubukulo ebaluleke emhlabeni, okuyinto ngesikhathi sako kwaba abantu basendulo, njengoba kufakazelwa walondoloza idwala imidwebo nemihlobiso.

Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge" kuyaphawuleka ngoba iqiniso ukuthi ngasinda emhumeni, lapho eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule wahlala ngowokuqala abakhileyo Urals. Ubude kule ndawo zemvelo kukhona amasayithi angaphezu kwamashumi amane, kuhlanganise emihumeni Iningi Labirintovaya, Ice, Novo futhi Staromuradymovskie. Yokupaka okhokho bethu sitholakale Pigeon emhumeni.

Bashkiria Modern - esifundeni ngokuphelele ebukekayo, alondoloze, nemvelo relict, buhlanjululwe umbala kazwelonke esiyingqayizivele. Lena ukuphela kwendawo ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthandana nalo ekuhambeleni kokuqala, ke akunamandla isikhathi ngokwaso. abathandi Nature Kunconywa ukuhamba ezweni lonkana futhi ujabulele izindawo eziningi ezinhle sichichima ikhadi Bashkortostan.