Ukunakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibhedlela emva osenyameni

Lapho lo mbhangqwana ingane, umama nobaba zichitha kuso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ngaphandle ukunakekelwa efanele kid nje ngeke bakwazi ukuthuthukisa evamile, futhi mhlawumbe ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Godu kuthiwani nengabe umntwana Yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi? Ukunakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele kube ekhethekile, ngoba imvuthu ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukushaya futhi sakwazi ukuphefumula futhi akakwazi ukudla ngaphandle kosizo.

Muva nje, odokotela abangazange basamukele ukuvuseleleka ukusindisa ipilo ingane, isisindo engaphansi kilogram kabani zokuzalwa. Manje konke okuye kwashintsha, futhi ochwepheshe anganikeza ithuba kwesincane, owazalelwa nenkundla entendeni nesisindo isigamu ikhilo. Mayelana ekunakekeleni ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi egunjini labagula kakhulu, esibhedlela, ekhaya emva osenyameni nezinye izimo uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Izici

Eside Okugcwele izingane yilezo azalelwa kusuka 37 th-42 th ngesonto yokukhulelwa. Uma ingane yazalwa phambi baba, kubhekwa kwesikhathi. Inkinga eyinhloko lezo zinsana kuyinto nokungathuthuki kwezitho zangaphakathi, kanye nesizukulwane ngaphambili kwakukhona, ukunakekelwa ngokuphelele ingane liyadingeka. ukunakekelwa ukuze ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi iqala ngeminithi lokuqala zokuphila kwakhe, unina ingakwazi ukuqala nokunakekela Chad yakhe kuphela ngemva kwemvume kadokotela wezifo, kodwa okwengeziwe ukuthi kamuva. Nakuba sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo ethile zomzimba ingane, okuyinto Yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. kanjani ngokushesha prigolubit kumama iye emntwaneni? Konke kuncike degree of prematurity. Ubude share degrees ezintathu:

1. prematurity Extreme - ukala esingaphansi kilogram.
2. preterm kakhulu - isisindo amakhilogramu nengxenye.
3. Prematurity - isisindo isigamu kilogram amabili nesigamu.

Izici eziyinhloko umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi yilezi:

• isisindo ongaphakeme;
• nje ukwenyuka kancane (kufika ku-46 cm);
• umzimba disproportionally eyakhelwe (ikhanda enkulu, imilenze esifushane, intamo, imbilapho sigudluke bebheke inkaba);
• ukuma oyindilinga Yekhanda, nge fontanel kuyabonakala futhi sutures;
• izindlebe sicindezelwe uvalwe enhlokweni yayo, soft kakhulu;
• isikhumba mncane kakhulu futhi ukushwabana, kungase kukhanye zonke namanetha;
• surface body embozwe fuzz kancane;
• lingekho ngokuphelele fat ungqimba;
• ku imilenze nezingalo kungenzeka izinzipho ampofu, noma ngingekho ngokuphelele;
• testes undescended e abafana angavaliwe emfantwini pudendal emantombazaneni.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi babe nazo zonke izimpawu ngenhla kufanele kuthathwe kanye kanye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, asinakuba ukukhuluma mayelana nezici ukunakekela izingane kungakabi isikhathi. Uma Nokho, wabonisa into eyodwa, kukhombisa zokugula hhayi of prematurity.

Ukuziphatha umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakho, nokuziphatha ezahlukene. Ziyakwazi ngasebenzi, kukhona esincishisiwe imisipha ithoni. Izingane ukuwozela (kuba lubonakale ngisho isizinda yokuthi umnyuziki eside izingane ukulala cishe njalo), bona zithuthumele ngakho asikho isizathu futhi baqala ukuthutha nemiyalezo. Ikakhulukazi inkimbinkimbi ekunakekeleni ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi kungekho reflex oncelayo. Tiny elambile, kodwa angazi ukuthi kanjani ukudla.

Kafushane mayelana ukunakekelwa ngabentwana ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi

Siphakamisa cabanga butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela benakekela ingane, bese zidlule into ngayinye ngokuningiliziwe.

ukunakekelwa ukuze ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi, njengoba sekushiwo, iqala imizuzwana yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe. Into yokuqala uphuzwe ibe inabukeni efudumele futhi wenze ukupholisa uma kunesidingo. Lona inqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu. ingane ukuphefumula kungenzeka kahle noma kuphele ngokuphelele, kusukela ekuqaleni somntwana ongakazalwa iyakhiwa surfactant ngokwanele - ikhemikhali unesibopho ukuphefumula kahle. Ngakho-ke, iphaphu izicubu asinakuqondiswa ngokugcwele.

Inkinga yesibili - ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi azilungile ukuthi khona bokuphila kuleli zwe, kudingeka ukuntula ongama amafutha ungqimba, ngakho thermoregulation aluphelele. Izingane supercooled ngokushesha futhi Ishisa, njengoba lokushisa kuma siyahluka kakhulu kulokho eyayiyikho esibelethweni.

Esikhathini esidlule, le nkinga yaxazululeka ngu evala umntwana uvolo noma wasibeka phezu kwesitofu efudumele. Manje inkinga zokuqondisisa lokushisa komzimba usana isixazululekile ehlukile: umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi ibekwe ku-incubator, noma, ngamazwi alula singathi, i incubator. Kube uthola imali eyanele oksijini, it is behlukene umsindo ambient nokukhanya. Amazinga kube nesivuvu ngendlela engabekezeleleki incubator ezilungisiwe, izimo ezicishe zifane nalezi ukuze intrauterine.

Ukondla izinkinga, futhi, uma wena ungekho. Izici lokunakekela lasebekhulile ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi zimi swaddling, ukuqapha isimo jikelele kanye, yebo, ku yokudla. abasebenzi Medical uthatha ubisi lukamama uzwakalise, unezela amavithamini ezidingekayo, amaphrotheni namaminerali. Uma owesifazane ayinakho ubisi, usana ifomula isetshenziswa, elakhelwe ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ibele ingane, uma wavuma athuthukile abancela reflex Kwenziwa usebenzisa isipetu.

Baby, okuyinto lakhiwa kahle reflex ukunikeza ibhodlela. Uma isisindo ingane incane kangangokuthi asikwazi ngisho agwinye tube naso-esiswini isetshenziswa noma iqondiswa izakhi ngemithambo yegazi. Uphenyo yethulwa ngokusebenzisa itjhubhu imvuthu, ubisi ngemithamo emincane lingena esiswini. Kunoma ikuphi, ukondla umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi - wamaqhuzu kanye izingxenyana ezincane, ngisho noma isisindo saso singamakhilogremu amakhilogremu angaphezu kwamabili. Izidumbu kungukuthi athuthukile ngokwanele ukusebenza ngokugcwele. ukunakekelwa Nursing izinsana nisebancane saziso. Phela, umama angase overfeed.

Ukunakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibhedlela kusaqalwa kungenzeka zingenzeki uma kukhona izinkinga zempilo. Kulokhu, ingane udluliselwa labagula.

ukunakekelwa yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule

Ukunakekela ingane ezelwe umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi kusaqalwa eqala nezisebenzi zokwelapha esibhedlela. Ngokuvamile ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa umntwana uthola ku labagula iyunithi zezingane, futhi kahle, uma ekhaya lasebekhulile iyatholakala. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi esibhedlela akukho ngokwahlukana ezinjalo.

Into yokuqala okumele imvuthu ngokuvakashela wenhliziyo, udokotela wezinzwa, udokotela wezifo zamathambo, ophthalmologist, neurosonography olwenziwa (ultrasound palsy), uma kunesidingo, ultrasound izitho zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umchamo ziqoqwa, igazi. Emva kokuba ingane ibekwe ku-izinqubo incubator.

Kwenzekani uma esibhedlela akanayo yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule ayo? Awuzange nethuba "ukuyikhipha" ingane kangcono? Kwenziwe into enjalo. Zonke izibhedlela womama anemisila imishini okwakudingeka ngiwenze ukuze nginakekele ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi, lapho itholakala kanye unit for umoya omncane, futhi incubator, nemikhiqizo okhethekile silondoloze imvuthu wokuphila, futhi neonatologist - onguchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe umhlengikazi abantwana abazalwa hhayi isikhathi osinikiwe.

Kodwa namanje kunenkinga: neonatologists, hhayi kuphela linakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa kumele kube khona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngamunye okwalandela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okwashiwo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyoba ezincane futhi neonatologist bangase bangalitholi iphuzu uma konke kusenjalo kunesidingo ukulondoloza imvuthu.

Esikhathini labagula kakhulu abahlengikazi ukusebenza futhi neonatologists, abaphethe ubuhlengikazi kuphela sezivele zikhona umnyango yezingane zabo. Kulokhu, usana kuyoba njalo ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha qaphani.

Uma ingane yakho idinga labagula kakhulu futhi esibhedlela akusiyo ke, ngemva sinjalo isimo sakhe siyosuswa kwesinye isibhedlela, lapho kunesidingo ukuhlukanisa. Ezokuthutha wenziwa umshini ezikhethekile, okuyinto has amadivayisi ukupholisa, incubator nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ekusekeleni ukuphila.

Lapho ingane egunjini labagula kakhulu, umama ongeza ke ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa "ukuxhumana" kuphela ngokusebenzisa ingilazi incubator (incubator). Kukhona esiteshini lapho kungenzeka ukuvakashela ingane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku.

yokudla

Abazali izingane ozalwa ekuseni, odinga ukukwazi yonke imininingwane kanye nezici ukunakekela izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuba ungakhathazeki ngomntwana. Imibhangqwana eminingi uqale sokukhathazeka ngokweqile ngenxa yokuphila imvuthuluka ungacabangi ukuthi ngeke sibhekane. Yiqiniso, kunzima kakhulu bebhekana enjalo nzima wobuhlengikazi, kodwa intuthuko akusho yima, izisebenzi zasesibhedlela unamandla okusindisa ngisho nomncane.

Uma isisindo sengane kuze kufinyelele khilogremu emibili abancela reflex lakhiwa kahle, kukhona kungenzeka ibele. Umama ngokuvamile ugcine imvuthu ezandleni zakhe, okuphakelayo futhi ubasize ekunakekeleni abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Bottle noma isipetu yokudla kuphela umhlengikazi, ngakho awunankinga emphinjeni. Njengoba utlole ngaphambilini, uma reflex oncelayo engekho noma kabi athuthukile, izitho zokugaya akakwazi ukubhekana ngokugcwele umsebenzi, futhi yokudla kufanele kube wamaqhuzu.

Kiddies ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kudingeka semali ketshezi. Ngokuvamile umzimba isetshenziselwa ukugcina 1/1 buhlanjululwe isixazululo 5% glucose Iringa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amavithamini abalulekile, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala qiniseka ukwethula riboflavin, vitamin K kanye no-E, ascorbic acid, thiamine. Ukugxila isimo ngabanye ngayo lapho usana, lo Udokotela angase anikeze isiguli nezinye amavithamini.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, baby ukudla ngeke yini ehlukile kontanga amandla. Kodwa kusaqalwa wobuhlengikazi kudinga Izithako ekhethekile ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhula imvuthuluka abangu ngesivinini esikhulu.

Abazali bangazisiza kanjani qiniseka, ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphelele ukudla akudingekile. Ngokushesha, imvuthuluka yakho kuzothatha sayo futhi kusukela emide emincane, umntwana ebuthaka bejabule, encane kamnandi-cheeked futhi esebenzayo.

Labonesi esibhedlela

Ukunakekela ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi ngempela iqala uMnyango zokugula ezinsaneni esibhedlela. Lapha ingane kuyohlale ngaphansi kokuqondisa namanesi nodokotela Kuzoqokwa nezinqubo ezidingekayo, ukuhlolwa.

Ukuhumusha usana ekuhlaleni ngokwahlukana ezivamile kungaba kwenziwe kuphela uma efika esisindo hhayi ngaphansi kuka ezimbili amakhilogremu, limatasa abancela ubisi bebodwa ukubhekana ukulawulwa lokushisa komzimba, ukuphefumula kahle. Ubude besikhathi sokuhlala e incubator incike ngobucayi degree of prematurity, kukhona ezine:

• idigri yokuqala - lokuzalwa ngesikhathi eside kusuka 37 kuya emasontweni 35;
• besigaba sesibili - kusuka 34 kuya emasontweni 32;
• degree wesithathu - amaviki 31-29;
• degree lesine - 28 futhi kancane.

Uma ngesikhathi osenyameni evela esibhedlela unina womntwana ifinyelele nemingcele ubuncane, okungase anakekele umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekhaya, khona-ke nimyeke ahambe ekhaya nomama wakhe. Nokho, uma isidingo yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule ayisekho abakhona, kodwa ezahlala yingozi empilweni, ingane idluliselwe umnyango yezingane. Umama yena unquma kanjani isinyathelo ngalo: aye esibhedlela kanye imvuthu noma eze esibhedlela ngoba ubuhlengikazi.

Esibhedlela

Umnyango izingane ezikhethekile sika ingane ozalwa kwesikhathi, idluliswe ngomyalo Pediatrics futhi neonatology. uthathe leso sinyathelo kungenzeka ngisho uma imvuthuluka namanje ukudla ngepayipi futhi udinga yokufakelwa kwezimila yesondlo. Zonke anakekele izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuleli cala - ezandleni izisebenzi zasesibhedlela.

Ingane igcinwe endaweni yesikhashana indlwana evuthayo noma incubator. Esibhedlela ngaphezulu luhlolo ephelele uqhutshwa, it is iqondiswe ukuthola izifo zofuzo kanye pathologies. Baby nokuhlola ochwepheshe ewumngcingo, aqokwe ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo kanye nezinqubo.

Dynamics Positive ngokuvamile uqala zikhule kusukela ngosuku ngaphambi kokuzalwa olulindelekile, ie usuku lapho ingane wayezozalelwa ngesikhathi. Isikhathi sokuhlala esibhedlela kuncike ngokushesha kangakanani ingane athole isisindo, funda ncela futhi agwinye ukuze ukutholakala pathologies siyachazwa. ukwelashwa Isibhedlela zingaba khona cishe usuku amasonto kuya ezinyangeni eziningana.

indlu

Lapho imvuthuluka kugcine uselungele ukuya ekhaya, udokotela unika enemininingwane izincomo kubazali. Ukunakekela umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi emva osenyameni luyindida kakhulu, ikakhulu emibhangqwaneni lapho umntwana wokuqala yazalwa. Ubunzima itholakala lokuthi ukuthi imvuthu kuphela banakekela abahlengikazi nabazali angase abe ngisho bengazi kanjani futhi yini okufanele uyenze.

Kunoma yikuphi, uma ingane Yazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukusekelwa kumele kube ngenxa kanembeza. Uma ngasizathu simbe, udokotela wezingane ongafikanga ukubeka usuku, shayela umtholampilo bese ecela ukuvakashelwa. Manje ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ins kanye nasemigwaqweni lokunakekela ekhaya ngoba umntwana ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okumele ngempela ukwazi wonke amalungu omkhaya ophilayo ekamelweni elilodwa.

1. Eyokuqala ukuthi kuwufanele ukubukela - iyona lokushisa air egumbini imvuthu, kufanele kube mayelana 22 degrees. Khumbula ukuthi izingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungase kube izinkinga ndawonye nabalawuli.
2. Ageze umntwana ekhaya okokuqala emva kokuba isixazululo imele GP. Indlu yangasese sekuqala ukufudumala kuze kube degrees 24, futhi amanzi kufanele libe seduze nezinga lokushisa komzimba. Ngemva ukugeza ingane Sula ngokucophelela ithawula esithambile futhi izingubo ezifudumele, njengoba izingane ezizalwe hhayi ngesikhathi, kungaba ngokushesha supercooled.
3. Ukuhamba akahlukile lezo babelwa umnyuziki eside izinsana. Ehlobo efudumele ungakwazi ukuphuma kanjani ukuphefumula umoya ngokushesha emva osenyameni, ngenkathi ezibandayo - ngenyanga. Zihamba kuqala ihlala cishe isigamu sehora, isikhathi kancane kancane kwandisa.
4. Ibele ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi emva osenyameni, kuwumzabalazo, njengoba kuyoba "spoilt" ibhodlela kuzoba lazy kakhulu ukuba bancelise. Nokho uzame ukuncelisa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka noma ezingakwazi ukusho ukuthi ubisi, wondle ingane yabo, ngoba ubisi lwebele - ebaluleke kakhulu kwamandla onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila. Uma une ubisi olwanele noma elahlekile ngokuphelele ngemva ukucindezeleka ekhiqizwa ngenxa nakho empilweni imvuthu wakhe, khona-ke ukuthenga ingxube eyenzelwe ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
5. Esikhathini ukunakekelwa ngabentwana ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi ekhaya qiniseka uvule okwashiwo njalo! Uma ingane uye abavilaphayo, ababuthakathaka, uyenqaba ukondla ukubhodla kakhulu, ngokushesha shayela nodokotela wakho, kuyisibonakaliso ezimbi kakhulu.

ukunakekela ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya

Hlela ahlolisise abantwana abazalwa ekuqaleni, wenza ngamunye. Izinsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuvamile uhlushwa isifo sezinso, iso, zokugula zezinzwa uyalandelwa. Uma kukhona nanoma yikuphi ukwephula, ingane agqoke akhawunti kudokotela kuyadingeka futhi kumele kube khona njalo emihlanganweni ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa aphoyintimenti zabo.

Uma encane yakho ephelele, it is nje kudingeka ukuhlolwa nyangazonke emtholampilo futhi uhambo ongoti, okuyinto akhiqizwa "Izinsuku banezingane eziphile kahle." Kungakapheli nenyanga, umhlengikazi wesifunda Uyakwehliselwa ubone, ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yengane.

Ukuthuthukiswa ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Uma indoda omncane wazalwa ekuqaleni kuka ezinyangeni zokuqala ezimbili ekuphileni kwakhe, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulala, usukhathele ngokushesha ngisho ngesikhathi umsebenzi ongaphakeme. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, umntwana uzoqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha, hambisa asebenzayo obungaholela esitho imisipha uhlobo. Kulula ukususa umzimba ezikhethekile.

Akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi isimiso sezinzwa e ababelethwa kungakafiki isikhathi ababuthakathaka, ngakho ingane ungaqala ngaphandle kwesizathu, besaba ukunyakaza kungazelelwe nemisindo. Isikhathi sokulala elizolisayo ziyahlukahluka ngokucijile eyohlasela excitation futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu. izingane ezinjalo kudingeka sokuthula nokuzola, abazi ukubekezelela ukuhlangana nabantu ongabazi nokushintsha imvelo.

Uma ingane ayinayo zokugula, kuyoba kuhle okusheshayo ukuthuthukisa futhi ukhule. Lapho sengineminyaka engu-izinyanga ezintathu tando qhebeza phezulu nga futhi mhlawumbe ngisho ukudlula ontanga yabo ukuphakama, isisindo nokuthuthukiswa!