Ukulinganisa yikuphi? Izindlela zokulinganisa. Amanani wokulinganisa

Ngokuvamile ekuphileni kwethu sihlangana nazo zonke izinhlobo zobukhulu. "Isilinganiso" ngumqondo osetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kulesi sihloko, umqondo ongenhla uzobhekwa ezinhlangothini eziningana, nakuba abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi libhekisela ngokuqondile kwisenzo sembalo. Nokho, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ukulinganisa idatha kusetshenziswa abantu nsuku zonke nasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, kusiza ekwakheni izinqubo eziningi.

Umqondo wokulinganisa

Lisho ukuthini leli gama futhi liyini incazelo yalo? Ukulinganisa - ukusungulwa kwenani langempela lanoma yiliphi inani ngokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile, amadivayisi nolwazi. Isibonelo, udinga ukuthola ukuthi isayizi yintombazane ye-blouse idinga. Ukwenza lokhu, udinga itekisi yecentimeter ukukala imingcele ethile yomzimba wakhe bese uhoxisa usayizi wezingubo ezidingekayo kubo.

Kulesi simo, kunamatafula amaningana amancane: iYurophu, i-America, isiRussia ne-alfabhethi. Lolu lwazi luyatholakala kalula, futhi ngeke sicaphune amatafula kulesi sihloko.

Masivele sithi umzuzwana oyisihluthulelo kuleli cala yiqiniso lokuthi sithola ubukhulu obuthile, obuthile obutholakala ngokulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, noma yiyiphi intombazane ingathenga izinto ngaphandle kokuzama, kodwa ngokubheka ububanzi besayizi noma ithegi ezembatho. Kulula kakhulu, unikezwe umsebenzi wanamuhla wezitolo ezishibhile ezitolo.

Mayelana nezinsimbi zokulinganisa

Ukulinganisa umqondo ongasetshenziswa noma kuphi, futhi abantu bawufinyelela cishe nsuku zonke. Ukuze ulinganise okuthile noma uthole okuthile, kunezindlela eziningi ezihlukene ezisetshenziswayo. Kodwa kuningi futhi okudalwe ngokukhethekile kulezi zindlela kusho.

Izindlela zokulinganisa zinokuhlukaniswa kwazo ngokuqondile. Ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuphakama, amadivayisi wokulinganisa, izinsimbi, abaguquli, izinhlelo. Zonke zazo zikhona ukuze ziveze inani elithile futhi zilingane ngokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka. Amanye alawa madivayisi kulokhu enza uxhumano ngqo nento yokulinganisa.

Ngokuvamile, izinsimbi zokulinganisa zingasetshenziswa futhi zisetshenziswe kuphela uma zenzelwe izinhloso ezingenhla futhi zikwazi ukugcina unit of measurement ezingeni elizinzile ngesikhathi esithile. Uma kungenjalo, umphumela uzobe ungalungile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zejubane

Futhi nsuku zonke abantu bahlangana nomqondo we "ijubane". Kungaba ngejubane lokuthutha, ukuhamba komuntu, amanzi, umoya nezinye izibonelo eziningi. Noma kunjalo , isilinganiso sejubane sezinto ngayinye senziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, besebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene kakhulu nezinsimbi:

• Idivayisi efana ne-atmometer yenzelwe ukukala izinga lokushisa kwamanzi;
• I-nefoscope iyalinganisa ukuqondisa nokuhamba kwamafu;
• Radar inquma ijubane lemoto;
• Isitophuwashi sinquma isikhathi senqubo ehlukahlukene;
• I-anemometer - isivinini somoya;
• I-Turntable ikuvumela ukuba ucacise ijubane lokugeleza kwemifula;
• I-Hemocoagulograph yembula izinga lokugubha igazi komuntu;
• I-tachometer ihamba ngesivinini futhi ijubane lokujikeleza.

Futhi kunezibonelo eziningi ezinjalo. Ngokuvamile konke okukhona kuleli zwe kuyalinganisa, ngakho-ke incazelo yegama elithi "isilinganiso" iningi kakhulu kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukucabanga.

Izindlela ze-physics

Amagama amaningi nemibono zihlobene eduze. Kubonakala sengathi umuntu usebenza nsuku zonke emsebenzini wakhe. Futhi kuvame ukulinganiswa kumholo, kanye nesikhathi esichithwa kuso noma ezinye izindlela. Kodwa kunesinye isici somsebenzi, kulokhu - umshini. Ngokwemvelo, kunemibono eminingi yesayensi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wesifunda kagesi, ku-thermodynamics, amandla e-kinetic. Njengomthetho, umsebenzi onjalo ulinganiswa ku-Joules, kanye nakuma-ergi.

Yiqiniso, lezi akuzona kuphela iziqephu zomsebenzi, kunezinye izinyathelo zokulinganisa ezisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ubuningi bomzimba. Kodwa bonke bayakwamukela lokhu noma leyo ncazelo, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inqubo abayifumayo. Amagugu anjalo avame ukubhekisela kolwazi lwesayensi - kumafilosofi. Bafundiswa ngokuningiliziwe ngabafundi nabafundi. Uma ufuna, ungafunda lezi zici kanye namagugu ngokujulile: ngokuzimela, ngosizo lwemithombo eyengeziwe yolwazi nezinsiza noma ngokuqasha uthisha ofanelekayo.

Ububanzi benkcazelo

Kukhona into enjengokuthi "ulwazi lokulinganisa". Kubonakala sengathi ungayilinganisa kanjani ulwazi? Kungenzeka yini nhlobo? Kuvela ukuthi kungenzeka ngempela. Kuxhomeke kulokho okushiwo ulwazi. Njengoba kunezincazelo eziningana, izindlela zokulinganisa nazo ziyahlukahluka. Ukulinganisa kolwazi kwenzeka ebuchwepheni, empilweni yansuku zonke nangomqondo wolwazi.

I-unit of measurement yayo ingabonakaliswa ngezibitshi (ezincane kunazo zonke) kanye ne -teste (ezinkulu). I-derivatives ye-unit ebizwa ngokuthi i-unit nayo ihlukile: ama-kilobytes, megabytes, ama-gigabytes.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukala ulwazi olufana nalokho, isibonelo, amandla noma indaba. Ukuhlolwa kolwazi kukhona ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: ukulinganiswa kwayo (ukuhlolwa kwenhloso) kanye nencazelo (ukuhlolwa okuzithobayo). Ukuhlola okuhlosiwe kolwazi ukulahla izinzwa zomuntu, kubalwa ngosizo lwezinzwa ezihlukahlukene, amadivaysi, amadivaysi anganikeza idatha engaphezulu kunombono womuntu.

Indlela yokulinganisa

Njengoba sekuvele kucacile kusuka ngenhla, ukulinganisa kuyindlela yokutadisha umhlaba wonke. Yiqiniso, isifundo esinjalo asikho nje kuphela ngosizo lwenqubo yokulinganisa, kodwa futhi ngosizo lokubheka, ukuhlolwa, nezincazelo. I-sciences ehlukahlukene, lapho isilinganiso sisetshenziswa khona, yenza kube lula ukuba nolwazi oluqondile kuphela, kodwa nolwazi olunembile. Ngokuvamile, idatha etholakalayo ngesikhathi sokulinganisa iboniswa ngezibalo noma amafomula ama-math.

Ngakho-ke, kulula ukuchaza ubukhulu bezinombolo, ijubane lenoma iyiphi inqubo, ubukhulu namandla onoma iyiphi idivayisi. Ngemva kokubona lokhu noma lowo muntu, umuntu angaqonda kalula izici eziqhubekayo zenqubo oyifunayo noma into futhi ayisebenzise. Lonke ulwazi lolu nsuku zonke lusisiza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, emsebenzini, emgwaqweni noma ekhaya. Phela, ngisho nenqubo elula yokulungisa ukudla kudinga indlela yokulinganisa.

Izindinganiso zasendulo

Kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kuzo zonke isayensi kukhona ubukhulu obuhlukene bokulinganisa. Noma yimuphi umuntu uyakwazi ukuveza nokukhomba imizuzwana, imizuzu, amahora, ijubane lemoto, amandla we-bulb kagesi kanye neminye imingcele yento. Kukhona amafomula adidayo, futhi akuyona inkimbinkimbi encane ekudalweni kwayo ngobukhulu.

Njengomthetho, amafomula anjalo kanye nezilinganiso zokulinganisa zidingwa ebangeni elincane labantu abahileleke emkhakheni othile. Futhi ukutholakala kolwazi olunjalo kungancika kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi izindinganiso eziningi zasendulo ezazisetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule. Ingabe bayayisebenzisa manje? Yebo. Bavele bahunyushwe ekuqanjweni kwesimanje. Thola ulwazi ngalolu hlelo kulula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunoma yimuphi umuntu, uma kunesidingo, ngeke kube nzima ukuhumusha, ngokwesibonelo, ama-arshin angu-cm.

Kuphutha ekulinganisweni

Izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi nazo zingahle zihlukaniswe ngezigaba zokulinganisa. Ngokuqondile, amakilasi wokunemba amathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa. Lezi izici zokugcina zezinsimbi ezithile, ezibonisa izinga lokunemba kwazo. Inqunywe yimingcele yokuphutha evumelekile noma amanye amanani angathinta izinga lokunemba.

Incazelo elula futhi engaqondakali yomuntu ongayiqondi lokhu. Kodwa-ke, onguchwepheshe onolwazi angeke acindezele imibono enjalo. Isibonelo, udinga ukukala noma yiliphi inani. Kulokhu, ithuluzi elithile lokulinganisa lisetshenziswa. Ubufakazi baleli thuluzi buzobhekwa njengomphumela. Kodwa izici eziningana, kuhlanganise nephutha elithile, zingathonya lo mphumela. Iklasi ngalinye elikhethiwe lokunemba lensiza yokulinganisa linephutha layo. Umkhawulo wephutha elivumelekile kubalwa ngefomula ekhethekile.

Izindawo zokusebenzisa ulwazi

Ungatshela okuningi mayelana nazo zonke izinkolelo zenqubo yokulinganisa. Futhi wonke umuntu angazithola ulwazi olusha nolusizo ngalolu daba. Ukulinganisa kuyindlela ekhangayo yokuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi oludinga indlela ejulile, enesibopho kanye neyokufaneleka.

Yiqiniso, uma umama opheka ukupheka ikhekhe ngokwendlela yokuthola iresiphi ekhethekile, ukulinganisa inani elidingekayo lemikhiqizo ezinkomishi zokulinganisa ezidingekayo, kwenza kube lula. Kodwa uma singena eminye imininingwane, ngesilinganiso esinamandla, ngakho-ke akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi okuningi kuxhomeke ekulingeni idatha empilweni yethu. Ukuphuma ukusebenza ekuseni, abantu bafuna ukwazi ukuthi isimo sezulu sizoba njani, ukuthi bagqoke kanjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthatha isambulela nabo. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu ufunda isibikezelo sezulu. Kodwa idatha yesimo sezulu nayo yatholakala ngokulinganisa imingcele eminingi - umswakama, izinga lokushisa lomoya, ingcindezi yasemkhathini, njll.

Kulula futhi kunzima

Ukulinganisa inqubo enezinhlobo eziningi. Lokhu kukhulunywe ngenhla. Ungathola idatha ngezindlela ezehlukene, usebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene, ukufaka, izinsimbi, izindlela. Noma kunjalo, izinsimbi zingahlukana ngokwezinhloso zazo. Abanye babo basiza ukulawula, abanye - ukuthola okungaqondakali kwabo nokuphambukisa kwabo. Ezinye zihloswe ngezibalo ezithile ezithile umuntu azisebenzisayo. Idatha etholakalayo kanye namagugu aphendulelwa abe yimingcele edingekayo besebenzisa indlela ethile.

Mhlawumbe idivaysi yokulinganisa elula kakhulu ingabizwa ngokuthi umbusi. Ngosizo lwayo ungathola ulwazi mayelana nobude, ukuphakama, ububanzi bezinto. Ngokuvamile, lokhu akusona isibonelo kuphela. Sekushiwo kakade ngokulinganisa izinkomishi. Ungaphinda ukhulume ngesilinganiso sephansi nesikhikhini. Kunoma yikuphi, izibonelo ezinjalo ziyatholakala ngezihlukahlukene, futhi ukutholakala kwezinsimbi ezinjalo ngokuvamile kwenza ukuphila kube lula.

Ukulinganisa njengendlela yonke uhlelo

Ngempela, incazelo yegama elithi "isilinganiso" inkulu kakhulu. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwalenqubo bukhulu kakhulu. Izindlela nazo zinkulu. Ukufakazela ukuthi emazweni ahlukene kukhona uhlelo lokulinganisa nokulingana nakho kuyiqiniso. Kungase kube khona umehluko egameni, futhi liqukethe ulwazi, namafomula wokubala noma yiziphi amayunithi. Isayensi, esithinteka kakhulu emfundisweni yezinyathelo nokulinganisa okuqondile, ibizwa ngokuthi i-metrology.

Kukhona futhi imibhalo ethile esemthethweni namaGOST alawula amanani namayunithi wokulinganisa. Abaningi ososayensi bazinikezele futhi bazinikeze imisebenzi yabo ekufundeni inqubo yokulinganisa, bhala izincwadi ezikhethekile, bahlakulele amafomula, bafake isandla ekutholeni ulwazi olusha ngalesi sihloko. Futhi wonke umuntu eMhlabeni usebenzisa lolu datha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, ulwazi mayelana nesilinganiso njalo luhlala lufanelekile.