Ukukhululwa kanye namaminerali eNyakatho Melika

Izwe laseNyakatho Melika lihlanganisa indawo ebalulekile. Ngosayizi, yiyesithathu emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhululeka kanye namaminerali eNyakatho Melika ahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngokuqhubekayo ...

Indawo yendawo

Izwekazi lisezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-hemispheres. Ihlanzwa ngamanzi asePacific nase-Atlantic, i-Arctic Ocean, emele ama-bays amaningi nolwandle. Kusuka eNingizimu Melika, leli zwekazi lihlukanisa i-Isthmus yasePanama, entshonalanga ne-Eurasia lihlukaniswe yiBering Strait.

Ingxenye yezwekazi yaseNyakatho Melika iyindawo engama-square angu-20.36 million. I-Km. Iziqhingi zomhlaba zihlanganisa iGreenland, i-West Indies, iCanada Arctic Archipelago nabanye. Kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu, ubude bezwekazi liyizinkulungwane ezingu-7,326, kusukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga - amakhilomitha angu-4 700.

Insimu yezwekazi ikhona cishe yonke indawo yezindawo. I-USA neCanada kanye neBahamas, iBermuda neGreenland yakha isifunda saseNyakatho Melika. Ingxenyeni eseningizimu, ehlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ingxenye yesifunda saseCentral America.

Ukukhulula

Ukukhululeka kanye namaminerali aseNyakatho Melika akhathazayo ngokuhlukahluka. Ubuso bezwekazi bumelelwa ngokungafani - nansi kunezintaba nezintaba, amathafa namagquma. Iziqhingi zithatha iningi lensimu, zombili izinhlangothi zizungezwe izintaba. Ukuphakama kwamathafa kungahluka phakathi kwamamitha ambalwa ambalwa, okwenza ukukhululeka kwewavy.

Engxenyeni esenyakatho kukhona i-Laurentian Upland, eboshiwe eningizimu ngethunge lamachibi amakhulu. Ithonya le-glacier lanikeza uhlobo olushelelekile lwamadwala namagquma, ukwakheka kwamabhasi. Eningizimu yiziqhingi zaseCentral, futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kwazo - i-Mississippi Lowland.

Engxenyeni yeNtshonalanga kukhona amaThafeni Akhulu - ama-foothills e-Cordillera. Zifinyelela kumamitha angu-1500 ukuphakama. I-Cordilleras yiyona ndawo ehlongozwe kakhulu, indawo ephakeme kakhulu yiyona nqopho kaMcKinley kumamitha angu-6193. Ingxenye yabo yasempumalanga yiMidaba eDwala (kuze kube ngu-4200 m) naseMascade Mountain.

Empumalanga kukhona ama-Appalachians, amelwe amagquma aphakathi nendawo ngamaningi aphezulu afika kumamitha ayi-2000. Eningizimu yezwekazi yiziqhingi zaseMexico nase-Atlantic, ezingezingaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Eduze ogwini bayamelwa ngamabha, amatharafu, amachibi, amabhande.

Isakhiwo se-geotectonic

Indawo yasemaphandleni yenziwe yiNorth American Platform, iningi layo lihlala yiCanada Shield, eyakhiwe ekuqaleni kwePrecambrian. Amaphethelo ayo akhishiwe, kuneziphopho zokuhola, i-nickel, igolide, i-cobalt ores namanye amaminerali eNyakatho Melika.

Kusukela empumalanga, ama-Appalaki aphakanyiswe ngesihlangu saseCanada. Kulezi zintaba ezikhuniziwe kukhona izinqubo zokubhujiswa. Izindawo ezifakiwe ziphenduke izigodi, futhi amadwala amaningi amelana nawo ahlala ngendlela yamagquma.

Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi, isifunda saseCordillera sinamapulangwe aphakathi, okwakhiwa ukushayisana kwamapuleti e-tectonic. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka nanamuhla. Ukwakhiwa kweCordillera kwaphinde kwathonywa yi-glacier. Ngakho-ke, kokubili amaminerali ase-sedimentary nama-magmatic eNyakatho Melika atholakala kule ndawo.

Amathafa amakhulu atholakala emngceleni wesikhulumi kanye neCordillera. Zakhiwa ngamadwala asezindaweni zasolwandle nasemaphandleni. Amapulazi aphakathi anemvelaphi efanayo. Engxenyeni yabo eseningizimu-ntshonalanga, i-karst ihamba, idala labyrinths ejulile - amaMammango emaphandleni. Amadwala ase-Sedimentary akha nezwe elincane laseMexico.

ENyakatho Melika: amaminerali (okwesikhashana)

Isakhiwo se-geological sibaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwemithombo ethile yamaminerali. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile, amaminerali aseNyakatho Melika atholakala cishe kulo lonke leli zwekazi.

Endaweni yeCanada Shield, kunezinhlawulo ezibalulekile ze-uranium ne-iron ore, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, ithusi. Eziqhingini ezisogwini, naseCordilleras nase-Alaska, kunezinqolobane zemithombo yamanzi. Lapha, amaminerali aseNyakatho Melika athathwa njengamafutha negesi yemvelo.

Ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni nasezikhungweni ze-Appalachia kunezipho zokulahleka kwamalahle. E-Cordilleras kukhona amaminerali ahlukahlukene kanye namagmatic, isibonelo, igolide, ama-ores ezinsimbi ezingenabensi, i-mercury. Izindleko ezinkulu ze-phosphorites zitholakala esiqhingini okuthiwa iFlorida.

Amaminerali aseNyakatho Melika: ithebula

Ukuze sikubone kangcono, sinqume ukuqamba lonke ulwazi futhi silwethule ngesimo setafula, esinikezwe ngezansi.

Isiphetho

I-Mainland eNyakatho Melika isendaweni yasenyakatho nasentshonalanga yeplanethi yethu. Isikhundla sendawo, izimo zemvelo kanye nesakhiwo se-geological kwathonya ukwakheka kwemithombo yamaminerali.

Amaminerali abalulekile eNyakatho Melika angama-metal ores angenalensimbi, ama-ores non metallic kanye namaminerali ashisa. Phakathi kwabo, igesi yemvelo, amafutha, amalahle, ama-phosphorites, uranium, ukuhola, i-zinc, i-nickel, i-ore yesiliva, igolide, i-platinum nabanye.

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza, izifunda ezimbili ezisemaphandleni zikwazi ukuzinakekela futhi azixhomeki kwamanye amazwe.