Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezinsimbi ezisindayo: izindlela nokujwayela

Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezinsimbi ezisindayo akungabazeki ukuthi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthola uketshezi olusetshenzisiwe lokusetshenziswa, oluhlanzekile futhi olungenabungozi kubantu. Izitshalo ezinamandla zibandakanya izakhi zamakhemikhali ezinesakhiwo se- metallic futhi zibe nesisindo esikhulu se-athomu.

Zinomphumela wokulimaza emisebenzini yezilwane nezilwane, futhi unayo impahla yokuqoqwa kwezitho nezicubu futhi kubangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa empilweni. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufaka izihlungi zamanzi emithonjeni yokwelashwa kwamanzi kusuka ensimbi, ethusi, phambili, nickel, zinc, cobalt, mercury, cadmium nesiliva.

Isidingo sokuhlunga okunjalo kubangelwa ukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwamanzi ezimboni ezihlukahlukene, ukugxilwa kwalezi zinyoni kuphezulu kakhulu. Izinto ezingcolile zinesakhiwo nesakhiwo esihlukile, okusho ukuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zazo okumele kusetshenziswe kuzo kufanele kusetshenziswe ngezindlela ezahlukene nokuzivumelanisa.

Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezinsimbi ezisindayo ngendlela ye-ions kwenziwa okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali futhi kunciphisa ukuguqulwa kwezinga le-acidity lephakathi kuya ezingeni elidingekayo. Uma iF efika ku-9.0-10.5, noma iyiphi insimbi ingenawo futhi ingene, eqedwa kalula.

Ukukhethwa kwama-chemical reagents lapho kusetshenzwa khona ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezimboni kuncike kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

- izinga elidingekayo lokuhlanzwa;

- Ukugxila kokungcola;

- Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokungcola.

Ngemuva kokuba izinto zihanjiswe ngendlela engafakiwe, isigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwazo silandela, kaningi ngokusizwa kokuthunjwa kwensimbi. Ukusebenza kwenziwa ngosizo lwamathangi akhethekile asetsheni, lapho izinhlayiya ezixazululwe zikhishwa khona ukuze ziphelelwe amandla futhi zime. Ngaphezu kwalokho le ndlela ngendlela elula, futhi engabonakali - ekuzweleni okukhulu phambi kwamakhemikhali angaphandle, okungaphazamisa inqubo yokufaka imali. Kungaba isepha, i-hydrogen peroxide noma i-detergents.

Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi ezinsimbi ezinzima nakho kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-membrane" futhi isetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa okukhethekile ngezingxenye. Njengomthetho, emanzini ahlanjululwa ngamagundane, ukuhlushwa kwezinsimbi akudluli u-1 mg ngetitha ngalinye, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesihlungi bona ngokwabo bagxila ngendlela yobuningi be-gel.

Ukuhlanzwa okunjalo kwamanzi ezinsimbi ezinzima kubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ethembisayo. Ikhwalithi yayo ephakeme ingenxa yezinto ezikhethekile zezinambuzane, njenge:

1. Ukukhethwa okuphezulu, noma ngamanye amazwi, ikhono lokuhlukanisa izinto ezahlukene. I-septum iyakwazi ukuzimela futhi ivumela amanzi kuphela, ekhululekile ngokuphelele ekungcoleni kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zindawo ziqoqa ngaphesheya kwezingqimba.

2. I-alloy lapho i-septa iphonswa khona ihlukaniswa ngamandla ayo akhethekile nokumelana nemithonya yamakhemikhali.

3. I-membrane isebenza ngokulinganayo futhi isebenza ngokugcwele imisebenzi eyabelwe kulo lonke isikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Inzuzo yale ndlela yukuthi ukungcola kwensimbi akuhlali endaweni yokuhlunga futhi ungagcini ama-pores, kodwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zisuswe embranini.

Uhlobo lokuhlanzwa okunjalo yi- osmosis eguquguqukayo. Le ndlela ibonakala ukuthi isixazululo sisetshenziselwa isixazululo (amanzi angcolile), okudlula eyakhe. Ukungaphumeleli kwalendlela kubandakanya izidingo eziphezulu ezingeni lezinto zokwakha, okuvela kuyo izitshalo zokuhlanza nokuxakaniswa ngokususwa kwezingqimba zokuhlushwa.

Umthamo omkhulu wetshezi enomshini ophansi wezinsimbi ezinzima kufanele uhlanjululwe yi-ion exchange. Njengoba kuyaziwa, ubuchwepheshe bayo busekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe -resin exchange exchange, phezu kwezingxenye ze-ion zensimbi eziqoqiwe. Ukufakwa kwale misebenzi kuvumela ukuthi i-resin isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingana, ngaphandle kwe-caking yabo.

Indlela yokuhlanza kakhulu kunazo zonke yindlela yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke nge-ultrafiltration. Yiqiniso, le ndlela isetshenziselwa kuphela izitshalo ze-electrolytic ne-galvanic, ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okuqukethe amaphesenti amakhulu okuxazulula imfucuza futhi igcwele ama-chelates. Kulo msebenzi, izigameko ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswayo.