Ukudoba Uyini amanetha drift, ukuzulazula-net

ukudoba Driftnet - lena ukudoba, okuyinto eyenziwa Drifters - ukudoba izitsha. Lo mkhumbi is ukukhukhuleka ku imisinga nemimoya, kanye neketanga eside kakhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi oda drift-net, noma amanethiwekhi elintantayo, okwenza uhlelo olulodwa. Amanethiwekhi kungaba km kufika ku-50. Lezi amanethiwekhi lihamba ukubamba izinhlanzi. Isidingo amanetha drift Kuvezwe ngokuqondene isidingo ukukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlanzi ukuthi agcinwa ayingcosana. Ngale ndlela, eyenziwa tuna, salmon ekhishwe, mackerel herring.

inethiwekhi Izici

Drift (noma egeleza) we inethiwekhi zimele inetha ukuthi inhlanzi hhayi ngokuphathelene njengesithiyo, ngakho Mesh ukudansela isiginci sakhe ngamandla, uvalwe babanjwa therein ngaphandle kungenzeka indlela yokuphunyuka. Kukanxande kumanethiwekhi ezihlukene 10-12 m ukuphakama futhi 30 metres ubude ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngendlela eyodwa drift, okungase ukukhonza njengesisekelo intambo-umholi buoys futhi yamabhola antantayo ukusekela uhlelo ngesikhathi ukujula inikezwe. Sebenzisa driftnets for ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kusuka inhlanzi Drifters.

izinto zokwakha

Catchability igiya kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise impahla kanye ukushuba we ntambo, usayizi cell, umbala, kokufika phezu rebounds sewebhu. Uma ngaphambilini uye wasebenzisa yemifino lokuluhlaza, kuhlanganise ukotini, kusukela ntambo ezisontekile, kodwa manje wasebenzisa ngokuvamile iningi kukhona okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi ukudoba catchability amanetha inayiloni kanye inayiloni, amilanovye nokunye okunjalo imicu ezenziwe umuntu.

Bakhombise indlela ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu amanetha okudoba monofilament (line ukudoba), okuthiwa Zhilkova. Inzuzo enkulu idatha igiya kuyinto obala yabo. Ngisho emini kahle ekubambeni luphezulu kakhuluu amanzi ecacile, kuyilapho inethiwekhi kahle ngesineke ezinye izinto kungase okwethusa inkalankala bese izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banalo rigidity kunakunoma lokuluhlaza basonta esekela anezikhala waqonda, akuvumeli amanethiwekhi ukuze uthole bedidekile futhi kungangcoli. Nakuba rigidity kancane nzima ukusebenza nabo inyuka, ezidinga isikhala esithe xaxa kwi emphemeni.

izinhlobo Bezakhiwe amanethiwekhi

Ngokusho isakhiwo yayo ngoba ekubambeni amadivayisi kungaba onomzali ngabafaka gill, double-ngodonga noma trójścienna. Eminyakeni emibili izinhlobo abizwa ngokuthi "ngentambo imfucuza." Kuyinto ephumelela kunazo ukudoba trójścienna inethiwekhi ehlanganisa ezintathu imidwebo inetha. Ngaphandle elise krupnoyacheynye Indwangu ngokuthi rezhyu (ryazhyu, rezhoy), futhi phakathi kuyinto chastik ezincane (del). Zonke webs ezintathu zitshalwa eyodwa rebounds, kodwa chastik has a obuphelele mkhulu futhi itholakala phakathi engxenyeni engaphandle nge nokunensa eside. Kudlulwa rezhu, izinhlanzi zibambeke Chastikov ngokufaka isikhwama inetha. Kabili ngabafaka aqukethe izindwangu ezimbili amaseli letingemasayizi lahlukene kanye ziyasebenza endabeni lapho okuyinto eceleni izinhlanzi ezaziwayo.

Ukudoba drift-net kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe ekwenzeni amanetha okudoba inayiloni monofilament noma inayiloni monofilament. Rebounds futhi kuthathwe inayiloni. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu trójścienna inethiwekhi bushelelezi.

Izinhlobo oda ukwakhiwa drift

Amanethiwekhi kungenziwa exhunywe ndawonye ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: elingadle ngabukhazikhazi, befuna umholi ephezulu noma ephansi. Esikhathini nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini ingasetshenziswa oda elula amancane, kodwa olwandle kudinga umklamo eziqine kakhudlwana, ngakho ukuze abaholi esetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokwethembeka ye-oda.

inqubo elula

Ukuze uthole drift elincane oda ngezinye izikhathi zixhumeke kumanethiwekhi eziningana ehlukile uchungechunge phakathi priuhami aphansi kanye engenhla. Ngakho uthole umyalelo okulula drift. Isetshenziselwa emachibini nezindawo ezisogwini, izikebhe ezincane. Ngokuvamile, kuhlanganisa kuphela amanethiwekhi 15-20, kodwa uma nithatha ngaphezulu, sisonke musa idlule 1-1.5 km.

On snoods Buoy buoys enamathiselwe oda bese ugcine ingaziki. Izinga oyifunayo isethwe ngokulungisa ubude streamer. Ngezansi inethiwekhi libe nzima ngokwengeziwe, ngokubeka umthwalo Ukukhetha aphansi. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi oda kufanele futhi ottugi. front end yabo ivikelwe nge ukukhiya - intambo, okuyinto saya esikebheni futhi emuva podmayachnym ottugi exhunywe kuze kube sekupheleni samaqanda - intambo fixed lighthouse. Lokhu beacon (noma isibani elengayo, ogibele ebhokisini nge esiya ngokuya siba sibi) sikhombisa lapho inqubo uphela.

Ukuhlela umyalo onjalo kulula, kodwa amanethiwekhi eside, futhi ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa olwandle, akusiyo efanelekayo. Amaphaphu amanethiwekhi ngesikhathi drift kuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho enjalo umyalo ilungiselelo elingasisiza ukuhlukanisa kusukela ngesitsha noma liyobhujiswa.

umholi aphoyintimenti

Ukuze kakhulu ukunciphisa ingozi zokugwema ukuphuka, wasebenzisa umholi okuthiwa - intambo awugqinsi, ehambisana nenqubo wonke. Fisheries kuhilela ukulethwa ndawonye 100-150 amanethiwekhi. Amaphaphu ne drift zaba umholi okuthembekile, hhayi amanethiwekhi ngokwabo. Inethiwekhi ngabanye enamathiselwe hhayi kuphela kodwa kumelwe futhi ukuba umholi, okuyinto sijulisa umklamo.

Umholi yena ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezintathu: umholi, esitobhini (yokupaka) ekupheleni uxhumano kuya umkhumbi podmayachny ekupheleni zokubhala ukwenza indlela yokuphepha yesibani. It kuvela ukuthi umholi, elibamba inethiwekhi unamathele bomkhumbi. Lay kwaba sekupheleni nguye isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. ubude bayo lingafika ku 200-500 amamitha, okuyinto akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni ukujula lapho ingamamitha oda kodwa isimo zolwandle amandla emoyeni.

Lapho isampula wenziwa amanethiwekhi wamasosha umholi. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba imishini le nqubo ukukhiqizwa. Ngaphandle mishini yayisebenzisa, umholi ukulawula ukungezwani-ekupholiseni ukuba ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokweqile uma kunesidingo.

umholi Izici

Kuye inqubo yokudoba kanye nohlobo isitsha Ukusetha ubude oyifunayo imigca streamer ukuze alenze esilungele ukukhetha drift amanetha: umholi ukhethwa malgoger, futhi inethiwekhi kufanele sifinyelele endaweni eyayibekelwe ebhodini, snoods nje kufanele ahlinzeke ibanga kunesidingo. On emiphongolweni emincane kuyinto amamitha 1.5-2 kuphela, futhi ingafinyelela 10 m.

Ngenxa yokuthi isimo esishubile umholi njengoba ibanga ukusuka yesibani ukuba isitsha kuyehla, umholi ngokuvamile wenze esiyinhlanganisela, ukunciphisa ukushuba intambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa tindleko oda futhi kunciphisa isisindo oda. Kodwa lokho akufakazeli ukuthi ehle wabonakala ngasekupheleni inethiwekhi kubangwa ukucindezeleka ephansi, ngezinye izikhathi lighthouse engeza a drogue noma guqula ibanga phakathi buoys.

I-oda we umholi aphansi

Ngoba inhlangano ye-oda nabanye amanetha drift umholi phansi wajoyina ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa futhi ngenxa priuhi engenhla nengezansi, kodwa ngaphansi amanethiwekhi kulo oda ungumholi. It ixhunywe amanethiwekhi nge snoods vozhakovymi bystrorazvyazyvaemyh ISIZINDA. Ntanta oda ugcine buoys ukuthi streamer imigqa anamekwe enhlanganisweni yebhantshi lensimbi, amanethiwekhi noma phezulu Ukukhetha. Kusukela ubude umugqa streamer kuncike amanethiwekhi ukucwiliswa ukujula. izinsimbi engeziwe ezansi kungadingeki, njengoba umthwalo ngokwayo ukhonza njengoba umholi, elula inethiwekhi.

Sebenzisa le nqubo ekujuleni engajulile, ocwilayo inethiwekhi 30-40 m. Kulula usebenza. Ukuze vymetki futhi isampula oda kufanele isebenze kuphela nama-legatsha imigqa vozhakovymi, akukho kokuhlupheka ezinesisindo.

Inqubo kanye umholi phezulu

Uma ukudoba kudingekile nganoma olujulileyo evame ukusetshenziswa ukuze nge umholi phezulu. Kulokhu, sidlule ngenethiwekhi. Snoods ebhokisini unamathele ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela ubude engaphezu kwekhulu amamitha. Ixhunyiwe phakathi buoys intambo-umhlahlandlela izibonelo zalokho lula. Vozhakovye streamer imigqa uxhumeke kwi-phezulu Ukukhetha noma amanethiwekhi priuhami. Ngesikhathi intambo phansi kuyadingeka ukuze ungeze ukulayisha efomini cast iron izinsimbi.

Sebenza ngaphezulu inqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuka usebenzisa phansi umholi, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuze ahlele okulandwayo, nokunakwa ezengeziwe kudingeka umqhubi ebhokisini. Nokho, ilungelo lokudoba drift-net ezinjalo - ke kuyimfuneko lapho ukudoba eneminyaka olujulileyo. Kulokhu, umholi ephansi kungase ngisho nalapho isampuli noma isilonda esishubile inethiwekhi, Nokho alusebenzi. Ngaphezu izinzuzo umholi phezulu singasetshenziswa esenezela njengoba Damping jerks kusukela buoys, ngakho inethiwekhi kuyoba ezolile ngaphezulu. Yini embi ngalo iyona ingozi ngokuhlukana we displacer kule big waves.

Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ukuze midwater ukucacisa lapho omunye izinhlanzi. Ngenxa yalesi ngokuvamile idala izinhlobo esiyinhlanganisela oda.

Ingozi ukusetshenziswa driftnets

Kwezinye izindawo, okudoba ngenjongo yezentengiselwano kusetshenziswa amanethi drift akuvunyelwe. Ngakho, musa silisebenzise eNyakatho Pacific, ukuze silondoloze amasheya kwezinye zezinhlobo izinhlanzi. A ezinkulu ukudoba drift-net akuvunyelwe yi-UN General Assembly amanzi evulekile kwezilwandle. ukudoba Ucwaningo uvunyelwe amanethiwekhi enjalo, kodwa leli thuba ngokuvamile kabi. Nakuba kungekho ukuvinjelwa ukudoba drift-net ephelele, kodwa kakade isikhathi esifitjhani, nemikhawulo ezithile kulolu hlobo lokudoba.

I drift-amanetha avame ebanjwe ezincelisayo zasolwandle kanye ulwandle izinyoni, okuyinto bese ziyafa. Izinombolo iyesabisa. Ngakho, nguye kuphela eliseMpumalanga Ekude ezonini kwezomnotho Russian ngenxa sabulala Ezilwane Ezincelisayo ezingaphezu kuka abayizinkulungwane 100 ayizinkulungwane. Izinyoni 2.5. Minyaka yonke. Futhi salmonid imiphakathi bona ziyancipha.

Omunye usongo olukhulu isimo sengqondo salaba badobi. Ngakho ngokuvamile misela sockeye - eliyigugu kunawo wonke-salmon, kanye nabo bonke abanye izinhlanzi, kuhlanganise engamahlongandlebe sockeye salmon, nezinye izinhlobo salmon, ama-salmon pink chum salmon umane ephonswe olwandle. Okunjalo amanxiwa asesebenzisa ungayi ndawo lenqwaba inhlanzi, okuyinto kungukuphula yeziqondiso lokudoba.