Ukudingisa - Iyini? Ukudingisa lababuya kulamanye emave, ababaleki kanye wonke abantu - iziphi izizathu?

Ukuphuma noma uxoshwe njengoba abantu ahlukene ngokukhethekile nabantu abavamile kwenziwe umkhuba emhlabeni, isimo kaningi, okuningi kanengi ukudlula kubonakala efika kuqala. Ukudingisa - yiso ethemini zomthetho okusho ukususwa yimiphi izindawo zokuhlala kwabo unomphela. Futhi ngoku-amasamanisi: eziyingozi emphakathini!

Ngo-USSR,

Ukudingisa - the ngokuxotshwa, isithenjwa (kusuka elithi Latin «deportatio»). Esinye sezici zalo eziyinhloko, isibonelo, eU.SSR kwaba uhlamvu ngokuvamile non-zokwahlulela, kanye ukuhamba isibalo esikhulu sabantu asezindaweni ezikude ngokwendawo esiwugwadule lizwe. Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, ukuxoshwa kwezithunywa abantu senziwa esebenza kanye nezizwe eziyishumi ezwe elaliyi-USSR: i-baseKorea, Finns, amaJalimane, Kalmyks, Karachai, Chechens, ingush, YaseCrimea AmaTatar, Balkars, Meskhetian nabaseTurkey. Ezinye zazo ngesikhathi esifanayo bancishwa ukuzimela yabo kazwelonke! Kodwa, eqinisweni, ngaphansi kuthuthwa ophoqelelwe, nabanye abaningi - nezinhlanga - izigaba izakhamuzi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Cossacks, kulaks, isiShayina, nabasePoland, Latvians, Estonia, Armenia, Tajiks ... Ngokuvamile, ububanzi, + njengoba bekulokhu kunjalo, umxhwele!

indaba

Singasho, ukudingiswa kwabantu abaningi - inqubomgomo kokuxoshwa nokuqothulwa kohlanga. Yaqala eminyakeni 1918 -1925. ukufuduka ophoqelelwe eqembu iWhite Guard Cossacks, kanye abanikazi bamazwe ezinkulu. Bathunyelwa kuya Donbass, North-Caucasus nasesikhathini eNyakatho Ekude. izwe labo esandleni ingush futhi Chechens.

Esikhathini 30s ezweni lonke namanje ezisebenza izikole lapho ukufundisa iqhutshwa izilimi bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, eLeningrad, ishicilelwe emaphephandabeni izilimi amane (kuhlanganise nabakhuluma isiShayina) e! Futhi zazisakazwa e-Finnish (a okukhulu abaningi abahlala Leningrad Region abamele lokhu ubuzwe). Kodwa endaweni ethile phakathi nekhulu 30 sika isimo waives owedlule inqubomgomo kazwelonke zokuqeda yokuzimela ezombusazwe nezamasiko kunabantu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda yinye elukhuni amandla kuleli zwe, ukuya ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu eliphikisayo abangahle futhi langempela. Baboshwe lamaJalimane, Finns, Estonia futhi Latvians eLeningrad. Kusukela emngceleni ngempoqo abantu bendawo (iningi - le Finns). Kanye nabasePoland nase-Jalimane (imindeni abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu - abantu 65 000) azixoshwanga Ukraine, kusuka ezindaweni eduze komngcele ePoland - e Kazakhstan futhi Karaganda. Ekupheleni kweshumi ngokuphelele iphuma-up ukuze zinyatheliswe emaphephandabeni cindezela bese izincwadi ngezilimi kazwelonke, kancane kancane iqedwe zonke Imikhandlu emzaneni kazwelonke kanye nezifunda.

Ukudingiswa abantu-Korean

Wayengomunye ngowokuqala eSoviet Union. Yingakho - futhi babe kakhulu. Eviction senzeka ngenkani, esebenzisa amabutho NKVD ku "ngesitimela esithwala impahla", ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okwaholela inombolo enkulu abalimala endleleni. Ngenxa yalokho, 172.000 baseKorea zixoshwa baseMpumalanga Ekude (umngcele) e Kazakhstan futhi Uzbekistan, emazweni virgin ensimini indoda lingenamuntu. Futhi abantu abaningi ukuthi baye bafa!

Ukudingiswa amaJalimane

Ngo-1941, ngo-August, isinqumo sikahulumeni waqeda iVolga-German Autonomous Republic. Mayelana anamakhulu mane ayizinkulungwane amaJalimane zixoshwa (futhi izinsuku ezimbili) esifundeni esise-Ural, eSiberia, ngo-Kazakhstan. Kwakubuye kube kuncike abameleli ophoqelelwe Ukuthuthela lapho kubhekiselwe kubantu bakulelo zwe elalingelamaFilisti Hitler sokusebenzisana (le Finns, baseBulgaria, baseHungary). Futhi ngo-1942 kusukela Frontline badingiselwa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane! Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo ababuyela emva kwempi, zixoshwa futhi esikhathini 1947-1948.

Ukusebenza Lentil

Ngo-January 1944, L. P. Beriya uthi imiyalelo ezikhethekile sendlela ukuqhuba Izindawo kulaba bantu e Kazakhstan futhi Kyrgyzstan. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Beria mathupha abaqondiswa lo msebenzi lobugebengu lapho ukulinganisa olandelanayo ubuhanjelwe komunye eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amabili amasosha nezikhulu we NKVD nezinye amayunithi. Ngo-February ifika Grozny futhi wahlangana kobuholi ye-republic kanye nabaholi engokomoya, enikela ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wokulungiselela phakathi bendawo. Futhi ngo-February 23 iqala ukusebenza kokuxoshwa ngempoqo abantu wonke. Ezwa izwi ikhodi "Panther" (radioed), okuyinto libukelwa phansi ikusasa abantu abaningi. Ukudingisa - kungcono njalo nobuhlungu nosizi.

Kodwa hhayi konke kwahamba njengoba ngokushelela njengoba kulindelwe yi NKVD. Ukuthuthela Chechens futhi ingush kusukela bendawo ubephelezelwa imizamo yokuphunyuka amaningi, kungamhloniphi iziphathimandla. Ngokusho kobufakazi NKVD, wakwazi ucashe ezintabeni abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu abayisikhombisa baboshiwe izihlubuki engaphezu kwemibili ayizinkulungwane, kwafika abantu ababalelwa enkulungwaneni - abulawa. "Komthetho", ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, iziphathimandla okwatholakala ngesikhathi ukusebenza waba kungathi izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili izibhamu, izibhamu kanye izibhamu nezinye izibhamu. Futhi lokhu idatha ezisemthethweni kuphela! Kungashiwo ukuthi Chechen futhi ingush izizwe ukumelana ehloniphekile ubudlova emthethweni bese iziphathimandla.

Ukudingiswa YaseCrimea AmaTatar

Into esishukumisela ukuba senze lokhu kuthuthwa emthethweni i abantu yonke into ehluke kakhulu evamile: ngekubambisana ne amaNazi phakathi umsebenzi eCrimea futhi ingozi kulandela nomphakathi. Ukudingiswa AmaTatar waqala ngo-May 1944. Ngemva kwalokho, ngesikhathi yokwakha kabusha, ke wayebhekwa lobugebengu nezingekho emthethweni futhi ethola isahlulelo e-USSR. Mangisho ukuthi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili benza ezinye AmaTatar bawelela isitha, uziphathe ngendlela sokuzithandela zokwakheka lempi, amaNazi. Kodwa lesi senzakalo - hhayi isizathu kuxoshwa has zonke nalabo abamele abantu. Kodwa ngisho "ezinhle" YaseCrimea AmaTatar, owalwa Army Soviet, esidlule empini ukuthi anqobe, ngemva demobilization eyayisithuthelwe (ithunyelwa izindawo ukudingiswa). idatha NKVD, kuphela e-Uzbekistan, kwakukhona Veterans engaphezu kweyisithupha ayizinkulungwane AmaTatar, eziningi zazo wayeke yaklonyeliswa, ngisho uhulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, uyakucindezelwa kuphela, unikezwe isigamu sehora ulungele (ezinye zazo - imizuzu embalwa)! Ngezinye izikhathi shot on the spot labo wayengasakwazi ukuhamba. Umgwaqo kuyaqabukela wapha, igcinwe ngaphandle kwamanzi. Uthuthwa behanjiswa ngalezi zinqola ezivalekile, ngaphandle kwezindlu zangasese, ngaphandle izindawo. Ngokuxhamazela wangcwatshwa abafileyo eduze amathrekhi ujantshi. Kwakungekho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa, abantu baqala agule.

Kwaba njalo isiphetho ezinye izizwe eziningi dengwane ngokungemthetho: Karachai, Kalmyks, Balkars, Azeris, amaGreki nabaseTurkey, Armenia. Manje sesiyazi ukuthi kube sekudingiselweni iye yabangela umnotho nempucuko yase-USSR umonakalo ongalungiseki. Futhi obukela phansi igunya namandla kubonakala izici ezingezinhle Inqubomgomo udaba kazwelonke.

Ukuqondanisa (Rehabilitation Act 1991)

Ngokusho kwakhe, kubhekwa abantu becindezela (kanye - kwamaqembu ezinhlanga neminye imiphakathi yabantu), maqondana okuyinto ezingeni likazwelonke - ngesisekelo izesekeli ikakhulukazi - labetibambile Inqubomgomo kohlanga kanye ukuhlambalaza, sihambisane kuthuthwa nasekubhujisweni. Zonke ukuthuthelwa emthethweni abantu bakhishwa phambili, zingenacala, futhi uma kungenzeka, wabuyela endaweni yazo yokuqala.

umthetho Modern (umthetho wango-2014, kube sekudingiselweni)

Ngo emkhakheni wezomthetho zanamuhla, inkulumo ethi kuyinto yinye ukususwa zokuphatha. Lokhu isigwebo sisebenza maqondana nanoma abantu lizwe ababhekwa njengezakhamuzi zalo. Ukudingisa kulamanye emave kuyinto yabo yokuzithandela-elawulwa, izwe lakubo ahlala kuzo. Ngaphansi komthetho omusha, ukungena endaweni ka-Russia akuvunyelwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi bezinye izizwe!

Ukudingisa kwababaleki Kulindeleke, uma esephula imithetho ukuhlala kuleli zwe, olunikezwa umthetho (ikakhulukazi kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-90 izinyanga eziyisithupha, kanye abavamile icala ekhubazekile). Amabhizinisi ukuqasha abantu abangene kuleli ngokungemthetho emsebenzini, uma ngenxa yokwanda izinhlawulo kuze ruble esigidini. Ezimweni okuphindaphindiwe - unswinyo, kuhlanganise sokuvalwa inkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ababaleki abaningi futhi inikeza uhlelo inhlawulo ngisho izinhlawulo lobugebengu!