Ukhonkolo - Iyini? Yiziphi amakilasi ukhonkolo khona

Ukhonkolo - i yokufakelwa impahla itshe yokwakha okuyinto etholwe babumba futhi solidifying kukhethwe kahle ingxube ehlanganisa usimende, amanzi, kanye fillers esihle futhi indawo. Konke lokhu kungokoqobo kophawu saziso. Kwezinye izimo, asetshenziselwa izithasiselo ekhethekile, futhi uma kuziwa Asphalt ukhonkolo, amanzi alisetshenziswa.

izingxenye

ukhonkolo Ngokwazo - inhlanganisela usimende namanzi, ngenxa yokusabela phakathi itshe usimende kwakhiwa okuyinto, ukusondelana olulodwa dwala okusanhlamvu fillers esetshenziswa. Sakhiwo izakhiwo ukhonkolo zincike lezi izinto. Bayashintsha degree yayo porosity, impendulo umthelela ukucindezeleka, isikhathi sokwelapha njalo iyehlisa ukusonteka ngokhonkolo e inqubo solidification. Ukhonkolo isibe main zokwakha kuzo zonke izindawo ngenxa yokuthi inikeza amathuba elanele lokuba ukukhiqizwa Izingxube nge izakhiwo ezahlukene ne ukwengeza fillers ahlukahlukene. Kuyinto kulezi zici, futhi kwasivulela ukusebenza ebanzi kangaka.

Ukhonkolo - material eliqinile le ngezinga eliphezulu komlilo ukumelana, ukuminyana yayo, ukuqina kanye nezinye izici kungashintshwa ngokukubeka iyiphi impahla ethize. Nge ukucutshungulwa efanele ingxube zingaba ofiselekayo ukuma isakhiwo imikhiqizo yezakhiwo kanye Mechanics kwesakhiwo.

Umlando omncane

Njengoba i-izinto zokwakha yokufakelwa, ehlanganisa amanzi, fillers usimende ukhonkolo kusukela endulo ezaziwayo. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-nesikhombisa namakhulu edlule lalisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwabakhileyo eMesophothamiya izakhiwo epulazini futhi zokuhlala. Sasebenzisa ke nabakhi bezindonga Elikhulu Pyramids. Roma ukwakhiwa ukhonkolo liphushwe ezingeni elisha - okwasala ngemuva hhayi kuphela izisekelo izakhiwo, kodwa futhi ukuba amabhlogo konke izakhiwo eziphakeme zikakhonkolo. Design izici Imigwaqo yaseRoma, domes, nemengamo kanye phansi lezi zincwadi futhi manje awalulahlanga nokubaluleka kwazo. Nokho, ngeNkathi Ephakathi, Roman ukhonkolo yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe ibilokhu irretrievably elahlekile.

Yiqiniso, ukhonkolo ubudala - akuyona into efanayo yesimanje. umehluko wayo lomkhulu lichaza ekwakheni, ngaleso sikhathi yayingekho usimende. Njengoba isibopho esetshenziswa Gypsum, lime noma ubumba.

izici

amandla ngokhonkolo - kuba izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ku nemingcele ukusebenza komsebenzi. Ngaphansi lo mqondo ayiswe kusho ikhono ukhonkolo ukumelana abezindaba nolaka futhi yangaphandle amabutho lokukhanda. Lokhu value kunqunywa izindlela ukulawula: ultrasonic kanye lokukhanda. Ngo GOST 18105-86 imithetho ebekiwe ukuhlola amandla aphathekako eguqa, ukungezwani futhi kokucindezelwa. Omunye isici iyona Coefficient ukushintshashintsha, okubonisa ukufana ingxube.

Ngokuhambisana GOST 10180-67 ukuzimisela amandla eqine ngokhonkolo ikhiqizwa yokulawula kokucindezelwa cube, izimbambo kokuba Usayizi 200 mm sezinsuku ezingu-28. Lolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuthi amandla cube. Ngaphezu kwalokho GOSTs kuncuma amandla futhi namanje SNiPy. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuncane bula ngamandla izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ngaphansi zithululwe ovundlile span ubude 6 amamitha kufanele okungenani u-70% amandla design, futhi nge nobude obungamamitha angaphezu 6 amamitha - 80% amandla design. Kulokhu, kubalulekile amandla nempahla. Njengoba ngetshe zemvelo, le nto kuyinto ezikwazi ukumelana kokucindezelwa, kunokuba ukungezwani, ngakho amandla oyinhloko le nkomba ekhethwe njengedifolthi umbandela main.

izakhiwo

Ukhonkolo - material kabani amandla isici, ezikhulayo ngenxa physico-chemical izinqubo nokuxhumana phakathi usimende namanzi, okuyisona kahle ezimweni zinomswakama futhi efudumele. Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi into buhlangene noma omisiwe, le nqubo usuphothuliwe. Ngaphambili, iphele noma zeqhwa nomthelela omubi izici yokugcina impahla.

ukufana

Ngokuhlanganyela zonke ezinye izici le ukufana amandla incike izinga kanye nokuqukethwe lokubolekwa esetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi uma ezinye izindawo yokugcina unganikezi amandla adingekayo of the ukhonkolo. Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ixhunyaniswe sangaphambilini, nakuba idatha zokuhlola abonisa ukuthi le ubuhlobo akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwandisa homogeneity we ukhonkolo avele ematfuba lamanyenti isicelo yayo ngempumelelo.

ukufana Inkomba kunqunywa ngenxa uvivinyo amasampula control ezenziwe kusukela zokusebenza ukhonkolo kanye izakhiwo ezithile oyifunayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-inqubo kubalwa Imiphumela inkomba test ezilotshwe usayizi ofanayo kanye nemibandela isitoreji amasampula ravnovozrastnyh impahla. Ukufana e waterproofness kunqunywa ukuhlola amasampula ukushuba efanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ukusetshenziswa yezindlela efanayo.

inhlanganiso

Lesi sici ukhonkolo oluphakeme eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba luyehluka kuye lapho izingxenye kunezelwa ingxube. Ukuze kwandiswe kwabantu ukhonkolo ingasetshenziswa pozzolan Portland usimende, yandisa noma usimende aluminous, hhayi ukwakha voids ngesikhathi solidification. Ithonya le ipharamitha kanye izithasiselo, plasticisers, okuvame kuthuthukisa izimfanelo ingxube isiqedile. Uma Ukwakheka usimende okuhambelana STATE ke ukubaluleka kwalo ukuminyana aziwayo.

amakilasi

Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningana. ukhonkolo Esilula - a kwabantu impahla okuyinto 500-1800 kg / m ^3. Lesi sigaba zifaka: Foam ukhonkolo, wandisa ubumba ukhonkolo engasindi, ukhonkolo evundile, amaselula, arbolit, Perlite nokhonkolo vermiculite. Ngo ingxube ezifana amandla eziveza ngemva sokwelapha mncane impela. ukhonkolo Jwayelekile noma ezisindayo, elinesimo kwabantu 1800-2500 kg / m ^3. Ngenxa yamathebhu elisetshenziswe lapha chippings, amatshe. Lolu hlobo isetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha, kukho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi i ukumelana lenyuka ukugqoka. Ikakhulukazi esindayo ekilasini ukhonkolo - material kokuba kwabantu kuka 2500 kg / m ^3. Izingxube okunjalo asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa enuzi izitshalo amandla, ngoba izindawo isivikelo ionizing emisebeni.

grade ngokhonkolo

Lokhu kungenye isici esibalulekile into. Inkomba wamandla compressive likhombisa ukumelana kokucindezelwa Axial. Mark ukhonkolo mayelana nokwelulwa likhombisa ukumelana Axial amasampula ukulawula ukungezwani. Inkomba libonisa inombolo frost enye incibilikiswa kanye okokuqandisa imijikelezo. Brand ungangenisi amanzi ukhonkolo ubonisa lapho ingcindezi sohlangothi olulodwa ukhonkolo wokubacindezela ngeke angena ngokuhamba ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi.

okutholakele

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa noma iyiphi injongo ikhambi esifanele ukuthenga ukhonkolo ngomumo okuxubile, ekhiqizwa kutfotjelwa amazinga State, ngoba kunzima ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo ekukhiqizeni yayo futhi ngaphandle nemishini ekhethekile.