Uilyam Batler Yeyts: Biography nemisebenzi

Uilyam Batler Yeyts is njengoba ngobukhulu lesiNgisi imbongi XIX sekwephuzile eyaziwa - ekuqaleni XX eminyaka, yafeza lukhulu zidlulisela isitayela olusankondlo, kanye wemidlalo, umlobi futhi umbhali. Uhlu lwezincwadi ezinconywe Hemingway ukuze ulifunde ayimpoqo ngabahleli abasha, iye esibekiwe, futhi "Autobiography" Yeats. izinkondlo zakhe alalelwa otolika ovelele. Akukhona nje njengoba imbongi, wazehlukanisa Uilyam Batler Yeyts. izinkondlo zakhe, ngokuqinisekile eyigugu kakhulu, Nokho, Uilyam Batler eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- wemidlalo. Concept idrama Yeats waba nethonya elinamandla endleleni TS Eliot, libhekene umsebenzi eyandulela wakhe ngokuthi "ingxenye ebalulekile lo moya leminyaka."

Umsuka, intsha kanye art ikakhulukazi abasha

Sinesithakazelo imbongi lesiNgisi owazalwa ngo -dolobha wase-Ireland, ngo-umndeni komdwebi abadumile, ingeyamakhosi esikoleni Oku-Raphaelite (lapho ngenhlanhla ayeseduze kakhulu, nomndeni Kipling sika). Akazange athole indlela iyiphi imfundo yasesikoleni ehloniphekile, kodwa abaningi wasebenza ngokuzimela. passion Early sezincwadi.

Amavesi yokuqala elibhalwe ukuthi kakhulu ukuthonywa uShelley kanye Spencer. Waqala ukuba ngikulobele zona emuva 1882, kanye nencwadi okokuqala ngo-1885. Khona-ke, ngo-1885, uWilliam eyayihilelekile inhlangano Dublin umphakathi alchemical usebenza nokulumba. Isithakazelo kuzo izohlala esaphila imbongi sika.

William waqala ukunyatheliswa ngo-iminyaka engu-20, futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 yashicilela incwadi ethi lokuqala izinkondlo. Wakhulela ku imiqondo Oku-Raphaelite insizwa, yathi: ayenazo 'inkawu inzondo "ngase rationalism usizo ngezikhathi zanamuhla. Kwakubonakala kuye ukuthi inkondlo wababulala yokulahlwa, yena ziphephela kufanekisa, ucabangela ukuthi lo mfanekiso ubuhle, zifihleke yethu, akunakwenzeka ukuba kabusha ngaphandle asesebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu. Kodwa noma kunjalo Yeats waphoqelela art akuyona kuphela nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo okubangelwa phezu umfundi, kodwa futhi ithonya zokuziphatha.

umsebenzi kwezemfundo

amabutho amaningi wanika tinhlelo tekufinyelela ebantfwini, imbongi. Ngo-1891 esehlela e-London Irish Literary Society ngaleso sikhathi, kamuva iNational Union of Ireland ekhatsi Dublin, iqhaza ngomdlandla emsebenzini weNhlangano yezimbongi, wanakekela ukukhuthazwa temdzabu Irish. Enye yezinto ezinkulu azifeza kwaba ukudalwa okuthiwa Gaelic League - Public Union ihlose ukuthuthukisa isiko Irish kazwelonke, ukuvuselelwa ulimi lomdabu futhi kwathatha izincwadi, ezisekelwe emasikweni kazwelonke.

abantu Irish banomlando nzima. "Green Island" lalinabantu ngezizwe Celtic IV ekhulwini BC. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ekhulwini XII, Ireland ifikile phansi kwesandla England. yena kuphela ngo-1921 wathola isimo ukubusa, ngo-1949 - ukuzimela. Northern Ireland, bavame ukuyibiza ngokuthi i Ulster, wahlala British. umthetho Foreign kwaba okunesihluku, imithetho akazange avumele Irish ukusebenzisa ulimi lwabo lwendabuko ngaphansi nesijeziso sokufa. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, umzabalazo nesiko labo nolimi isibe kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe mass; Manje Irish Phesheya uhlala kakhulu ngendlela e-Ireland. Inani abasebenzisi ulimi lwendabuko kwaqala ukuncipha. Ngisho namanje, lapho isimo eqondiswa, lo Irish wathi bangaphasi kwekota yezakhamuzi.

"Irish imvuselelo tetemibhalo"

Ukulwisana ekuncipheni nesiko kanye nobunye bomuntu ukunyakaza izisethile umsebenzi, "i-Irish imvuselelo tetemibhalo", lapho kwakukhona lapho Gaelic League nokuqala okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukukhululwa 1893 izinkondlo ukuqoqwa, olwasungulwa Uilyam Yeyts ( "Celtic Twilight"). Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela akalamukelanga izinkinga umgomo uzkoyazykovym, futhi abaningi babo, kuhlanganise uWilliam, ezibhalwe ngesiNgisi. "Gaelic - ubuzwe bami, kodwa asilona ulimi lwabaningi," - wathi Uilyam Batler Yeyts. Quotes ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukukhuthaza lokhu ukunyakaza. Inkinga "we Irish imvuselelo tetemibhalo" wayezifunela udumo - ukuvusa umoya kazwelonke, ukugcina abantu amasiko, ukuvikela kutimela isiko wezwe.

Ukudalwa Irish Literary Theatre

Njengengxenye ezinyakazayo Uilyam Batler Yeyts eyasungulwa ngo-1899 yi-Irish Literary Theatre eDublin kwaba umqondisi walo acishe ukufa eminyakeni engaba ngu-40. On repertoire for yaseshashalazini kwakhe, ubesebenza yedwa, ebhekisela ikakhulukazi ezindabeni yeqhawe kazwelonke kanye nomlando wakhona. Lapha, Yates kwaba Innovator enkulu. Wakwazi ukwakha umqondo yokuqala "yaseshashalazini enkondlo", bokungafani the ukubusa naturalism.

ukuphila Siqu nezinkondlo uthando

Ngo izinkondlo, okuyinto kwaba ngumsebenzi eyinhloko Yeats, ubuye njalo sibhekile. Umsebenzi wakhe ekuseni busekelwe izinganekwane nezinkolelo uyasondla Umqondo 'ubuhle okuphakade ". Reality neze bakhangwa imbongi. A uhlobo umbala nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu izinkondlo of Yeats waletha uthando. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-24, wahlangana ubuhle abasha Maud Goni, umdlali waseshashalazini kanye izinguquko, futhi iminyaka eminingi kwadingeka imizwa zakhe ezimkhanukelayo okuhlala efuna ngiyinake ngokuphelele. eminyakeni engu-52 kuphela ubudala, ngokokuqala wesine etholakele Maud ukwehluleka ukuxhuma ezimpilweni zabo, uqale umndeni Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Ufuna isembatho yasezulwini ..." - yigama omunye izinkondlo zakhe eziphathelene uthando isosha esihlatshelelwayo. By the way, imizila umsindo wakhe ekuqaleni movie "Equilibrium". Abaningi abazi ukuthi umbhali zabo - Uilyam Batler Yeyts. "Kodwa mina, ngokuba abampofu, ube amaphupho ami kuphela," - uthi hero lyrical nkondlo, ekhalela ukuthi akunakuba welulele ezinyaweni ethandekayo "kasilika zasezulwini."

Confessional kanye izinkondlo zomphakathi

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebenzi Yeats okuchaza ukwa. "Ubuhle Ongunaphakade ', inkondlo ekhuluma uthando - konke lokhu kancane kancane inyamalala. Kusukela "umthwalo" weqoqo (1914), Uilyam Batler ngokuya badonsekela confessional kanye izinkondlo nezomphakathi. iqoqo izinkondlo dlulisa simo esishubile nomphakathi. Ngo olokhu zikhathazeke Catholic Ireland kopilos ukunganeliseki kwekubuswa YamaProthestani England. Ukuxazulula le nkinga esibhekene nayo le Dublin kuvukela ngo-1916. Ireland yazibiza republic, kodwa Abashokobezi yayithatha izinsuku ezinhlanu kuphela. Uilyam Batler Yeyts Yilesi sikhathi e-London, futhi izenzakalo babe isimanga ephelele kuye, kodwa bashiya isigxivizo ngokujulile engqondweni yakhe.

Kwathatha i siphinde sihlaziye kabuhlungu bedla esidlule. Kunalokho exutshwe izinganekwane nezimfihlakalo Yeats umsebenzi kuhlanganisa umlando izwe namaqhawe sayo sangempela. Iqiniso onegazi kuvukela, abangu-450, lapho kufa nabaholi bayo uholé imbongi ukulahla Izicukuthwane sublime, ukubukeka okusha ngesikhathi abantu.

I edabukisayo ithoni izinkondlo

Life enganikanga yinsika ukuze siphumputha. I eyalandela impi yabashokobezi ne abahlaseli British savusa Yates bajabha. Ingabe inqobe ukwesaba ukusabela chain of inzondo nobudlova. I edabukisayo ithoni nobuntu iningi izinkondlo kwalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, sasihlanganyela amazwi Yeats futhi ukulele onamileyo. Isibonelo - le nkondlo "I umshayi wevayolini ka Dunii".

imbongi ukuthembeka

Yeats izinkondlo wajabulela ukuqashelwa ububanzi. Ngokusobala, akudingekile ukuba ufune ihaba kule formula of the IsiSwidi Academy, okuyinto kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe "sethula lokho okungathathwa njengelwazi essence esingokomoya sabantu sonke isizwe." Igunya imbongi waba mkhulu. Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1928, Yates - ilungu Irish iSigele, omunye senators ezintathu ukweluleka Uhulumeni ezindabeni imfundo, izincwadi nezobuciko. inkulumo yakhe wabonisana nomthelela kulondolozwe ezikhumbuzo eziningi kazwelonke. Nokho, iningi imizamo ukugxambukela kwinqubomgomo enganikanga imiphumela, futhi enqaba isihloko zokuhlonipha.

iSigele inkulumo

Yeats iSigele inkulumo banikeza ubufakazi bokukhiqiza ukuhlolwa kwakhe indima isiko emphakathini. Ngo omunye wabo wathi bengenalo ithemba ukubona Ireland united, bheka ukubusa Ulster; kodwa aqiniseka ukuthi ekugcineni kuzokwenzeka, hhayi ngoba Irish uzosilwela for it, kodwa ngoba ukulawula ezinhle ezweni labo. Uilyam Batler Yeyts wathi lokhu kungenziwa ngokwakha isiko ezokwenza bamele ezweni lami nasezihlotsheni zami okuzokwenza ukuheha umcabango intsha.

Eshumini lokugcina impilo kanye nomsebenzi

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule impilo yakhe, kwakubonakala yiyo buthule. Omkhulu zokuziphatha futhi impahla Ukusekela kwakukukhulu uMklomelo KaNobel, ayamukela ngo-1923. Poet futhi egcwele amandla ezingokomoya nezingokwenyama olusondelayo ukuguga ukhuluma nge amahlaya ethule. Kodwa lena kuphela kwangaphandle ezolile, impilo engokomoya imbongi namanje egcwele zimpi. Eminyakeni yakhe ekunqabeni zonke ohlonishwayo umbhali, abheke emuva esikhathini esidlule, abacabanga ngekusasa, zibuze eyodwa kokuphazamisa abanye. Encwadini yakhe ethi kukhona izindikimba fresh achanyuselwa imibono emisha, ukushintsha amasu senkondlo. Ngakho obungenza ngayo njalo refutes uqobo. Ukucinga Isimo akabashiyi ke kuze kube sekupheleni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lamavesi anjalo eziphathelene kwesikhathi ngasekupheleni yomsebenzi wakhe, abe umlingisi lomuntu ngaphandle imisebenzi ngaphambili. Ikakhulukazi, zibizwe izingane uWilliam Yeats presents zibona ngokuphathelene nokuguga yakhe.

I last nanhlanu iminyaka yokuphila kwakhe Yeats wayebhekwa njengoba imbongi Irish kazwelonke. wayegula njalo, kodwa waqhubeka enza. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule impilo yakhe azidalile imisebenzi imakwe ikhono oluyisimangaliso, kushisekela kwakho nemicabango. Phakathi kwabo kufanele basho amaqoqo ezifana "Umbhoshongo" (1928) kanye "Kuvunguza enezitezi", wadala ngo-1933.

Imbongi bashonele French Riviera, edolobheni Cap-Martin, 28 Januwari 1939. Death wafika ngemva kwenye ukugula. Ngokusho intando Yeats, eyamiswa ngo intando yakhe olusankondlo, ngo-1948, isidumbu sakhe abangu zingcwatshwe e-Ireland.

Le mpikiswano phezu umuntu futhi umsebenzi imbongi

ukuhwebelana okukhulu kukhona isici Yeats, umculi kulo lonke umsebenzi weminyaka engu-60 cishe. Wayevame wenqaba ukuba bathuthuke, ushintsho, futhi nhlobonhlobo umsebenzi wakhe. Amaqiniso zokuphila kanye biography kwezincwadi Yeats eziphikisa kakhulu. Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe yayinesithakazelo izimfundiso ezingaqondakali. Lokhu kwabonakala umsebenzi wakhe. Ikakhulukazi, spiritualism umxhwele Uilyam Yeyts. "Umbono" - yanyatheliswa ngo 1925. Le ncwadi, waba lapho ubachazela zikhathi ezingokwengqondo zomlando kusukela iphuzu nezimfihlakalo. Ngesinye isikhathi, Uilyam Batler babenanenkolelo bakudala demagogy undlovukayiphikiswa.

Ngakho, ukwahlulelwa baxgeki izikhundla zakhe zefilosofi ngokuvamile Okusizayo ngakususi omunye komunye: Yeats bamele wamavukelambuso, kuyinto mva, le traditionalist, the modernist. Izahlulelo kusekelwa ukubhekisela yalezi zihloko, amazwi, imigqa senkondlo. Le mpikiswano phezu umuntu futhi umsebenzi uWilliam Butler Yeats waba isiko. Enye into icacile - wayeyindoda njalo ukulwela maqondana nezinhlangano esisha esingokomoya. Futhi eziphefumulelwe lokhu impahla kuye ukudala ifomu elisha nokuqukethwe zezinkondlo, okuyinto eyaba yingxenye ebalulekile isiko yesimanje.