Uhlobo Social zobuntu. isakhiwo ubuntu: izinhlobo ubuntu zomphakathi

Soul ukwazi ... ... Personality ... Yini kuphela izingqondo eliphakeme yayingidida imiqondo le. I psychoanalyst abaziwa umhlaba wonke Freud yethulwa okokumelela isakhi umuntu njengoba imfundo ashukumisayo.

Ucwaningo ubuntu

Omunye izinkomba main e kwabantu - ukuze uhlole umuntu njengoba uhlobo kwezenhlalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli definition kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba baqonde indlela umphakathi imisebenzi, kucatshangelwa izithakazelo kanye nezidingo ngamunye, futhi kungenzeka ukuba wahlulele imvelo nentuthuko.

Phakathi nesifundo umqondo "ubuntu", ososayensi kuxazululwe phezu ukusetshenziswa izindlela eziyisithupha:

1. izinto Dialectical: ekuqaleni umuntu uyisidalwa nomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa zazo kuncike biology, imfundo, isimo senhlalo kanye amakhono self-imfundo.
2. Anthropological: ubuntu uyena obapha zomuntu.
3. Normative: ubuntu - nenhlalakahle yomphakathi lena ine ezinonembeza nekhono emsebenzini.
4. indoda lwezenhlalo - ubuntu, okuyinto kubonisa futhi nokobana a izici emphakathini efanele futhi izimfanelo.
5. Personalistic: eyinhloko kumiswa ubuntu "I - Umbono." Personality - iqoqo ukusabela ezingokwengqondo kwabantu umbono oluzungezile yayo.
6. Biology kanye Ufuzo: bioprogramma umuntu enquma ukuziphatha kwakhe.

Ngakho, igama elithi "umuntu" kuyinto enezici. It ephawula ntu kuncike futhi into ubudlelwane biosocial futhi njengoba isimiso wobunye esaba of izici ngamunye, nomphakathi kanye jikelele kuwo. Labo izici okuyizinto Uvame ukuzithola e amalungu omphakathi, futhi akha uhlobo ubuntu.

idivayisi ngamunye

Lenchazelo kuhlanganisa amazinga amathathu: begazi, ngokwengqondo nezenhlalo. Eyokuqala siqukethe amazinga ajwayelekile yomuntu; kuyisifo Ukuklanywa komzimba kanye Ubumnene, nezici ngokobulili. Eyesibili ihlanganisa izici ezingokwengqondo ezihlobene ne ufuzo (intando, inkumbulo, imizwa, ecabanga).

Izinga lesithathu uye sublevels bachazwa futhi ngalendlela:

1. Umbono: izithakazelo ngabanye, izisusa zakhe, nakho, imigomo nokunye. Sublevel kuyinto sisondelene ukwazi komphakathi.
2. Ngokucacile, kwamasiko. Lokhu kuhlanganisa wonke amagugu kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha kwesintu.
3. Zokuziphatha. Kuyinto ingxenye yobuntu zokuziphatha.

isakhiwo ubuntu. izinhlobo ubuntu Komphakathi

Yiqiniso, amazinga ngenhla kohlelo ngempela okwe abstract, kodwa nokho isisekelo ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Udokotela wengqondo S. L. Rubinshteyn izifundo womuntu usebenzisa izimpendulo zemibuzo emithathu: "Yini enye engase ihehe futhi esifisa ukuba" Izimpendulo embula umnyango imfihlakalo okuqukethwe ngazinye ngazinye.

KK Platonov ezikhonjwe substructures ezine ubuntu:

1. Orientation, okubandakanya izinkolelo, indlela abheka ngayo izinto, izifiso, ukuthambekela izithakazelo. Kulelizinga, izimfanelo zokuziphatha ziyabonakala, kanye ezihlukahlukene yenza ubuhlobo babantu.
2. Okuhlangenwe nakho, esizibonakalisa amakhono, ulwazi, amakhono. Nansi ukuthuthukiswa ubuntu ngokusebenzisa zanqwabelana isipiliyoni zomlando.
3. Personality izici izinqubo sengqondo nemisebenzi.
4. izici eziphilayo (ubulili, ubudala, uhlobo isimiso sezinzwa, njll).

A. N. Leontev ichaza ubuntu njengoba izinga ekhethekile umsuka zenhlalo kuphela. On nesakhiwo isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile lithi "ukumisa esitebeleni of uthishanhloko, ngaphakathi ugqozi, imigqa hierarchic."

Ngakho, ekusebenzeni ubuntu inhliziyo eyikho umnyombo izakhiwo ugqozi. Izinga elilandelayo kuyindlela ukusebenzisa izisusa (izici zobuntu, izindima social, nokunye). Izici of ubudlelwano babantu kanye nokuzinakekela thina uqobo kanye nomhlaba wangena substructure lwesithathu. Ukuxhumana kuzo zonke zomuntu, njalo ivele umthelela imvelo uhlobo kwezenhlalo zobuntu.

ukucacisa uhlobo zezifundo ngazinye

Umqondo "ungubani njengoba uhlobo kwezenhlalo," ihehe abacwaningi abaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Aristotle babeqoqana imigqa futhi ngaleyo ndlela luhlukanisa abantu ku "izimfanelo" futhi "okubi." K. G .Yung kuchazwe umuntu esibhekiswe ngokwayo ( "Yin '), futhi wagxila emhlabeni ngaphandle (" Yang "). Ngo Psychology, baba waziwa ngokuthi introverts futhi extroverts. Njengoba zihlonzwe izinhlobo zabantu - amagesi, logic, lulwimi loluvusa imiva intuity. Ngesisekelo Uhlobo lokuqala - emizweni yesibili - ukucabanga, wesithathu - imizwa lesine - umuzwa. D. Moreno noT Parsons wadala indima ubuntu theory. Lithi umuntu ngamunye ohlelweni social ithatha indawo yayo eqondile (isimo). isimo ngasinye siqukethe izindima eziningi yomuntu.

typology ngabanye

Through the kuloluhlelo lwemfundo nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomphakathi uqala ukwakha uhlobo kwezenhlalo zobuntu. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu abakholelwa ukuthi ubuntu - yilokhu ubopha izinqubo sengqondo nokuziphatha lenza kanjani nokuthi siqine kangakanani. Indima ebalulekile Kubeka uhlobo eyadlalwa theory ezilandelayo: psychobiological (W. Sheldon), biosocial (G. Allport, uCarl Rogers), psychostatic (J. Eysenck, R. izifuyo), zenhlalo ezithinta ingqondo (uKaren Horney, K. Adler).

Kukhona typology ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, Weber based system akhe babeka degree of rationality yesenzo. U-Erich Fromm, belinganisa uhlobo ubuntu kwezenhlalo, uhlukanisa kube sokulalela, accumulative, okubonisa, emakethe.

Namuhla kwabantu isinqumo ukwaba abantu alandelayo:

1. Traditionalist. Ngenxa yokuthi umuntu onjalo kuyinto amagugu eside, ukuze, isiyalo core. Akuyona isifiso sokuziphakamisa Ukuqaphela.
2. Idealist. Uhlobo libhekisela nokunqatshelwa amasiko, ezimele, ayiboni igunya. Ngokuvamile wahlanganyela self-ngcono.
3. Ecasukile. Personality has a ukuzenyeza, ngokuvamile ekhononda impilo yakhe kanye nokucindezeleka.
4. Umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela. Abantu abahlobene lolu hlobo umthwalo, ukulawula imizwelo yabo bekwi iSilekeleli Sokwazisa.
5. Hedonist. Ngokuvamile, umuntu onjalo sifuna injabulo, ukufeza izifiso zabo.

Futhi ukukhiqiza izinhlobo zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo ubuntu:

1. "Amanani." Ukuze abameleli lolu hlobo umsebenzi oyinhloko ukushintsha abanye abantu futhi yena. Bahlale abakhuthele, oludonsa, wemfanelo.
2. "Ongqondongqondo". Njengoba isibonelo salolu hlobo kungaholela isithombe sage, esiklanyelwe kubonise bese bagcine.
3. "Ngokomzwelo." Lokhu kuhlanganisa nabantu ukwethembela emizweni, imizwa kanye umuzwa. Lokhu elikhanyayo, ubuntu yokudala, ikhono ukwazisa ubuhle.
4. "Abaphika". Lolu hlobo has a uzwela athuthukile. Anakho umuzwa omuhle kakhulu isimo sengqondo yomuntu.

Yiqiniso, owande kakhulu ngobuntu okuxubile nomphakathi. Singasho ukuthi kuyo yonke indoda ehlala Umuntu ohlakaniphile, letiphilako zezenhlalakahle.

Indlela ukucacisa uhlobo ubuntu. ukuhlolwa

Kukhona amasu amaningi isifundo zobuntu bakhe. Okuvame kakhulu:

1. Test Leonhard. I lwemibuzo imibuzo 88 ukuthi kufanele uphendule "yebo" noma "cha." Umphumela kuyoba accentuation uhlamvu, okungukuthi, ukukhomba isici isici kakhulu umuntu unikezwa.
2. Test Holland. Nazi 42 ngazimbili zemisebenzi umuntu angakhetha kuzo izilimi ezifunwa ngabasebenzi. Umphumela - kwencazelo uhlobo yayo.
3. lwemibuzo Typological Keyrsi. Siqukethe imibuzo 70 ngezimpendulo eziphakanyisiwe. Khetha isitatimende esisodwa okudingayo. Ngenxa yalokho - kwencazelo iphrofayili ngabanye.